Product technical description_y-packet_1.3.2_13_may2014

05 May 2014
© YOUNCTA - Confidential This document is for internal use only and may not be
distributed to any third party without authorization.
FRONT
Y-PACKET
SWR 1.3.2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
S. Tucci

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INTRODUCTION [1]
This document is a technical overview of the high capacity full-outdoor
packet radio Y-Packet.
Y-Packet is available in three variants:
• Y-Packet C (copper), where the ODU is directly connected to a PoE
injector
• Y-Packet F (fiber), with external VDC power connector and SFP port in
addition to electrical PoE port; Y-Packet F can be powered either by VDC
or PoE
• Y-Packet [M] (MIRFA), dedicated to military market; can be C or F variant,
and is developed in the 8 and 15 GHz radio bands, with dedicated Tx/Rx
spacings as required by MIRFA regulations

The document describes the main features of current SW release, SWR 1.3.2.
Features are grouped as follows:
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INTRODUCTION [2]
- System Types
- Radio Frequency Bands Capacity
- Modem
- Ports
- Ethernet QoS
- Management
- Security
- Timing Synchronization
- Environment

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SYSTEM TYPES – 1+0 UNPROTECTED
Four system types are available for Y-Packet:
1+0 à Unprotected, with single ODU on each side of the link. Max capacity is 420
Mbps L2 @ 56 MHz 1024 QAM
throughput up to 420
Mbps L2 @ 56 MHz
1024 QAM
Y-Packet C, with PoE
interface used for both
power and data traffic
1+0 link
configuration
data traffic

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SYSTEM TYPES – 1+1 HOT STAND-BY
1+1 Hot Stand-By à Protected, two ODUs connected via ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable on each side of the link. The operation of
Protection Group is coordinated between the ODU Main and Protection via the ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable. With this
configuration, two Network Interfaces are supported in each terminal for data traffic, but only one is active at a time: the one of
the Active ODU (can be either Main or Protection), which is enabled to transmit over the Radio interface.
Protection Mode can be set to Revertive or Not Revertive, and Manual Operator commands (Forced, Lockout, Clear) are available
for troubleshooting or operation purposes
in case of failure, the system
switches on the Protection
ODU
data traffic
data traffic
in normal conditions, data
traffic is sent over the Main
channel
management traffic
for Y-Terminal
only management traffic for Y-Terminal
can flow over the ODU-to-ODU inter-com
cable

data traffic is sent over the H
and V polarizations, doubling
total capacity (*)
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SYSTEM TYPES – 2+0 XPIC
2+0 XPIC à Unprotected, two ODUs connected via ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable on each side of the link.
Two radio channels are used to carry the total traffic: the two radios transmit over the same frequency (CCDP),
by using the two orthogonal polarization H and V with Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation (XPIC).
Total link capacity is doubled with respect to 1+0 : max value is 840 Mbps L2 @ 56 MHz 1024 QAM (*)
X
(*)
Layer
1
Link
Aggrega0on
to
be
introduced
with
SW
Release
1.4.0,
available
H2
2014
management traffic for Y-Terminal flows
independently over the two polarizations
total throughput up to 840 Mbps L2
@ 56 MHz 1024 QAM (*)
in case of failure the transmission is
continued on the other polarization
with reduced capacity
data traffic
data traffic
management traffic
for Y-Terminal
XPIC cancellation data
flows over the ODU-to-
ODU inter-com cable

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SYSTEM TYPES - REPEATER
Repeater à Unprotected, with single ODU on each side of the link. Two ODUs are connected via one
of the available Ethernet ports (SFP in the case below); traffic received over the radio interface of
ODU-West is forwarded to the radio interface of ODU-East (and viceversa).
management traffic goes over the fiber
connection from ODU-West to ODU-East;
it can be separated from data traffic on a
different VLAN
SFP
VLAN management
VLANs traffic
data traffic can be added/
dropped on PoE
data trafficdata traffic
data traffic
management traffic

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RADIO FREQUENCY BANDS CAPACITY
Y-Packet C and F are available in following Frequency Bands:
Licensed Bands:
6L (*), 6U, 7, 8, 10.5, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 32, 38 (*) GHz
Unlicensed Bands (Y-Packet Free):
17, 24 GHz
and can reach Maximum Radio Capacity of:
Up to 420 Mbps Layer 2 @ 56 MHz 1024QAM in 1+0 configuration
Up to 840 Mbps Layer 2 @ 56 MHz 1024QAM in XPIC configuration (with Layer 1 Link Aggregation)
(*) Available H2 2014

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MAX OUTPUT POWER
Here below a table with Max Output Power and ATPC range values for each bandwidth and
modulation settings:

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ENHANCED TX POWER AND ATPC
Two more feature provide enhanced management of output power:
Digital Pre-distorter:
Digital pre-distortion allows to transmit in the non linear zone of the power amplifier, improving its saturation point at the higher
modulation. Pre-distortion is implemented in a digital section by means of a non linear filter. By inversely distorting the signal prior
the power amplifier, the transmitter power can be significantly increased; the combined effect of the pre-distortion and power
amplifier can be seen as an higher output linear amplification. As a result the transmitter power can be increased up to 4 dBm
allowing coverage of longer distances.
ATPC (Automatic Transmit Power Control) :
ATPC allows to adjust the transmitted power in the local station in order to compensate a received power reduction, in the
remote side of the link, due to bad propagation conditions. ATPC provides the following advantages:
• reduces interference towards other radio systems
• when working with Manual Modulation, it keeps Tx power adjusted to lowest target value, thus reducing power consumption
• when working with ACM (Adaptive Code Modulation), it assures maximum level of modulation (highest throughput), and the
lowest Tx power for each modulation level
• provides effective countermeasure against “upfading” effects

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EXAMPLE – ATPC AND ACM
The diagram on the right
provides an example of ATPC
mechanism working with
ACM, in a case of link
attenuation (e.g. rain-cell
transit).
You can follow how Y-Packet
“A” starts increasing/
decreasing its Tx power based
on the Rx power level
feedback provided by
Y-Packet “B”.

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SENSITIVITY – 7 MHZ
Please find below a table with guaranteed Sensitivity
values @ 7 MHz:

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values @ 14 MHz:

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values @ 28 MHz:

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values @ 56 MHz:

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MODEM
Y-Packet modem features are here summarized:
Available Modulations:
4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024 QAM
Available Bandwidth:
ETSI 7, 14, 28, 40, 56 MHz
ANSI 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 MHz
Channel Encoding:
Efficient encoding based on two levels of coding: a convolutional code with code rate R=0.8 on the last 2 bits
of each radio symbol (R=0.67 for 1024 QAM modulation), plus Reed Solomon coding.

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PORTS [1]
Y-Packet available ports are:
1 PoE GE port (Y-Packet C F):
one electrical GE port is available, also used to provide equipment power. This port can be
configured in terms of: Autonegotiation, SpeedDuplex, Tx and/or Rx Flow Control,
Administrative Status, Raise Alarm Status. A Policer (Ingress Rate Limiter) can be enabled on
port, and the max ingress rate fixed (Mbps).
1 SFP Optical GE port (Y-Packet F only):
an additional SFP GE port is available at Y-Packet F; it can be configured in terms of Tx and/or
Rx Flow Control, Administrative Status, Raise Alarm Status. A Policer (Ingress Rate Limiter) can
be enabled on port, and the max ingress rate fixed (Mbps).

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PORTS [2]
1 RJ45 for XPIC and1+1 HSB (Y-Packet C F):
one RJ45 port for ODU-to-ODU inter-com is available on Y-Packet. This port is used for operation on:
• XPIC configuration – cross-polarization data are exchanged between the two connected ODUs over the ODU-to-
ODU
inter-com cable, in order to provide XPIC data signals from one ODU to the other
• 1+1 HSB - used for 1+1 HSB protection handling: the two mate ODUs exchange information about their status: based
on these info, the system is able to switch transmission in case the Active ODU is found to be faulty, squelching the
radio transmitter on the faulty ODU and switching on transmitter on the Stand-By ODU. Also Management traffic is
carried over the ODU-to-ODU inter-com cable.
1 RSSI Alignment (Y-Packet C F):
used for antenna alignment during installation phase, it detects a voltage value that is proportional to Rx power
1 External Power Supply (Y-Packet F only):
used for VDC power supply, as an alternative to PoE

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ETHERNET [1]
In terms of Ethernet protocols and processing , Y-Packet provides following features:
Support for VLAN IEEE 802.1Q:
Ethernet ports (PoE and SFP) can be configured as VLAN Trunk, Access, or Transparent Mode.
• As Access mode, each port will accept untagged frames, and tag these with the configured VLAN ID and Priority. VLAN tagged frames will
not be forwarded form/to radio interface, as these will be discarded.
• As Trunk mode, a list of allowed VLAN IDs can be defined by user; tagged frames with a VLAN ID included in the list will be forwarded from/
to radio interface, other VLAN IDs will be discarded. A Hybrid mode can be also configured, where also untagged frames are allowed to be
forwarded on the Trunk ports.
• As Transparent mode, all frames, tagged and untagged, will be transparently forwarded from/to radio interface.
data traffic
data traffic
data traffic is tagged at Ethernet
Access interface with VLAN 20
and sent over the radio
tagged VLAN 20
data traffic
untagged management traffic is
sent through the Ethernet Trunk
interface for Y-Terminal to local
and remote ODU
management traffic for
Y-terminal
tagged VLAN 20 data
traffic flows through
switch to core network

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ETHERNET [2]
Policer (Ingress Rate Limiter):
Policing is a regulation mechanism used to limit the rate of traffic. It propagates bursts, although allowing to keep the maximum rate of traffic
below a configurable threshold. By means of Web Management Interface, operator can independently configure the maximum ingress rate on
SFP and/or PoE ports. When the traffic rate exceeds this configured maximum rate, policing drops the excess traffic.
Configurable buffer for long fiber distances:
The configurable data radio buffer is meant to cope with long fiber. Using the Ethernet flow control and the appropriate buffer length prevent
data loss when radio congestion occurs. The buffer provides two different thresholds, proportional to the fiber length. The buffer can
compensate up to 80 Km.
Support for Jumbo frames:
Jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with more than 1500 bytes of payload. Y-packet supports processing of frames up to 9700 bytes.
Support for Flow Control IEEE 802.3X:
When the total data rate ingressing the two Ethernet ports is higher than the maximum bandwidth available at the radio port, Flow Control
mechanism is required to exploit maximum throughput on the radio interface. It is implemented by sending Pause Frames, with a value of
pause time (quanta). Y-Packet implements two cascading buffers: one in the switch facing the two Ethernet ports, and the other in the FPGA
where the modem is implemented. Between the two buffers there is a standard IEEE 802.3x Xon/Xoff mechanism.

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QUALITY OF SERVICE (QOS)
For optimal performance, some Quality of
Service is required to be configured over the
radio interface, for managing delay, delay
variation (jitter), bandwidth, and packet loss
parameters on a network.
Y-Packet QoS output scheduling operates as a
Weighted Round Robin (WRR). Each queue has
an allocated weight, that defines the amount
of bandwidth allocated to the queue.
WRR works between four or three queues
(three in cases where Q1 is configured as strict
priority). The queues in the WRR are emptied
in a round-robin fashion: these have fixed
weights of 8,4,2,1 for respectively Q1, Q2, Q3,
Q4.
QoS can be configured to work with two basic
classifiers: IEEE 802.1p or IPv4 DSCP
weight=8
weight=4
weight=2
weight=1
all bandwidth
required
weight=4
weight=2
weight=1

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MANAGEMENT [1]
Y-Packet provides intuitive Web Management Interface based on AJAX technology. Main features at a glance:
Double IPv4 stack (Y-packet F only):
The double IP stack feature consists of two independent IP stacks, S1 and S2, sharing the same MAC address as well as the application layer
services. S1 and S2 are named Primary and Secondary Management respectively. Stack 2 has been implemented for management purposes: it
allows operator to perform management from a dedicated port, that is PoE configured as TMN. By means of Web Management Interface, PoE
port can be configured as TMN, and S2 assigned a dedicated IP address and VLAN ID. No access to S2 is allowed from optical port.
In case both SFP and PoE are configured as ordinary traffic ports, the S2 is shut down, and only S1 can be reached.
S2 is shut down
both Ethernet ports use
Primary Management for
Y-Terminal
S2 is enabled
SFP uses Primary
Management for
Y-Terminal
PoE as TMN uses
Secondary Management
for Y-Terminal

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MANAGEMENT [2]
Management over SNMPv2 protocol:
Y-Packet can be managed over SNMPv2 protocol. Its MIB structure can be easily integrated into third-parties NMS systems. By means of Web
Management Interface, SNMP management can be enabled/disabled. For Alarm handling, a list of up to 10 SNMP Trap Receivers can be
configured: for each of these, the IPv4 address, UDP port and Administrative Status shall be defined. These SNMP Trap Receivers will be sent a
SNMP Notification, with the description of Alarm, Timestamp, Severity, Status (raised/cleared).
ACLs (Access Control Lists) have been implemented for SNMP. Up to 6 ACLs con be configured by user. When one or more ACLs are
configured, the system will perform a check on the IP allowed/not allowed to access equipment for SNMP.
Logging of any user activity:
Users activity tracing has been added into Event History logs. Tracing includes events like users attempts to login (successful and unsuccessful),
configuration changes, as well as general info about system operational status and alarms. For each user, the Event History is reporting: User
ID, date and time of activity, IPv4, IPv6 if any, description of each event, type of event recorded (Config, Info, Alarm).
Support for IPv6:
Y-Packet can be managed over IPv6 protocol. The IPv6 128-bit address can be either assigned manually or as stateless auto-configuration
(SLAAC). The SLAAC mode shall support two options:
• Link-local only: the Management interface shall self assign an IPv6 address according to the RFC 4291: this means that any router
advertisement shall be ignored.
• Automatic: the interface shall set the IPv6 local link address and listen to possible router advertisements. The default gateway shall be
automatically acquired by means of router advertisements from a local solicitating router.

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SECURITY [1]
In terms of security, Y-Packet provides following features:
RADIUS user Authentication Authorization:
Y-Packet users can be optionally authenticated and authorized by means of a RADIUS server. The equipment performs the following:
• Authentication: means users shall be granted access to Y-Packet because they match in the RADIUS server user's DBA
• Authorization: means that each user shall be authorized as either Admin or Monitor
Each time that user tries connection to Web Management Interface, his credentials will be sent over the HTTP protocol. User and password (password is
encrypted) are encapsulated as Attribute Value Pair (AVP) in the message Access-Request, and sent to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server replies with the
massage Access-Accept: subsequently, Y-Packet grants access to the user by logging he in.
In case a Access-Reject message is received, because credentials did not match in any database, the user will not be granted the access.
Up to three RADIUS servers can be independently configured for access.
1 - User
opens
browser
and
connects
to
Y-‐Terminal
(hKp://Y-‐Packet_IP_Address),
then
inserts
username
and
password
2 - Y-‐Packet
encapsulates
creden0als
(password
is
encrypted)
as
AKribute
Value
Pair
(AVP)
and
sends
a
Access-‐Request
message
to
RADIUS
server(s).
3 - In
case
a
match
is
found
for
user
creden0als,
the
RADIUS
server
replies
with
the
message
Access-‐Accept
to
Y-‐Packet.
4 –Y-‐Packet
grants
access
to
the
user
by
logging
he
in.

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SECURITY [2]
Secure Management Access (HTTPS):
Secure Management Access feature allows user to connect to Web Management Interface using HTTPS protocol. Configuration of allowed/
denied protocols (both HTTP and HTTPS, one or none of the two) can be done via web. Also Backup Configuration function can be performed
over HTTPS.
ACLs (Access Control Lists) have been implemented for Web (HTTP and HTTPS). Up to 6 ACLs can be configured by user. When one or more
ACLs are configured, the system will perform a check on the IP allowed/not allowed to access equipment for HTTP and/or HTTPS. Each of the
6 ACLs can be independently enabled/disabled.
Configurable Firewall:
Both Primary and Secondary Management Interfaces can be configured in terms of access permitted/denied for some protocols. SSH is
normally enabled on both Interfaces, but it can be denied for security purposes. Also ICMP Reply can be firewalled.
Three User Privileges:
Three user privileges are available at Y-Packet:
• “Admin”, having full administrator rights on equipment configuration and definition of new users
• “Technician”, who is granted the same rights of “Admin” except add/modify/delete new users. It can change only her/his own password.
• “Monitor”, having no rights to change equipment configuration. It is allowed to perform only some manual operation for troubleshooting
and operation purposes

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TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION [1]
Up to Five Configurable NTP Servers
For timing purposes, up to 5 NTP Servers can be configured on Y-Terminal to use NTP as synchronization source. Once that the NTP process
has been enabled, each of the configured and enabled NTP Servers will be polled by system. One of the NTP servers (NTP Server 1), is marked
as “preferred”: this means that, although synchronized with any of the remaining 4 servers, the system will check availability of preferred NTP
Server 1 and synch to it where service available. Each of the 5 NTP Servers can be independently enabled/disabled.
NTP Server 1
Preferred
1
NTP 2 to 5
Servers
2
3
1 – Y-‐Packet
sends
a
NTP
synchroniza0on
request
to
NTP
Server
1
“Preferred”.
If
not
available,
then
2
2 – Y-‐Packet
sends
a
NTP
synchroniza0on
request
to
NTP
Servers
from
2
to
5,
synchronizing
to
the
first
available
one.
Although
synchronized
to
NTP
server
2...5,
a[er
some
0me
is
behaves
as
3
3 – Although
synchronized,
Y-‐Packet
sends
again
a
NTP
synchroniza0on
request
to
NTP
Server
1
“Preferred”,
trying
to
synchronize
to
it.

Clock-In terminal
recovers the clock from
the Ethernet interface
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TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION [2]
Transparent Synchronous Ethernet:
Y-Packet can support operation within a Synchronous Ethernet network, by allowing the clock propagation from one terminal of the link to the
other (Clock Transparency).
Synchronous Ethernet can be configured by Y-Terminal as Ethernet-to-Radio (from PoE or SFP interfaces) or Radio-to-Ethernet.
The symbol rate of the RF carrier is locked to the in-GE clock in both Master and Slave sides, while the clock recovered from the symbol rate of
the received RF signal drives the out-GE clock on the Master side in normal operating conditions.
• Slave. Equipment recovers the clock from the incoming Ethernet physical signal and uses that clock both to
clock the outgoing Ethernet signal and the transmitted radio bit stream.
• Master. Equipment recovers the clock from the incoming radio bit stream and uses that clock for the
outgoing Ethernet.
Synchronization
from Network
clock propagation direction
Clock-Out terminal recovers
the clock from the incoming
radio interface and uses the
clock for the outgoing
Ethernet interface

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ENVIRONMENT
Y-Packet can operate in a temperature range from -33 °C to +50 °C.
A new version of Y-Packet C F, named Y-Packet CI FI (I stands for
“Ice”), is under development, in order to extend the operating
temperature range to -50 °C/+50 °C.

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Y-PACKET NETWORK DEPLOYMENT EXAMPLE
At following slide, you can find a network layout of an existing project deployed by a customer
located in New Zealand.
Five logical ERPS rings (blue) can be observed in the network, with main segments of the rings
realized with Y-Packet radio links.
The Y-Packet links interconnect several Indoor equipment running ERPS protocol (i.e. Cisco
ASR900 series equipment). Each IDU participates in more than one logical ERPS ring instance.
Different services are implemented throughout the network (Rail, Water, IT services), and single
and total capacities required over each radio link are marked with different colours.
One of the main segments of one ring, moving towards the core network (Masterton DC–
Climie) has been deployed as XPIC configuration, to achieve maximum radio bandwidth.

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GWRC PROJECT
Y-Packet
radio link
Y-Packet
radio links
Y-Packet
radio links
Y-Packet
radio links
Y-Packet
XPIC link
Y-Packet
radio links

BACK
Thank You J
W W W . Y O U N C T A . C O M

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