"Databases" lecture @ ELEKS Summer School 2012 (Jul 2012)

1. Summer School 2012
Databases
Yuriy Guts
R&D Engineer
yuriy.guts@eleks.com

2. Summer School 2012
Why do we need databases?
Try answering this question:
Why do we need computers?
?? ?

3. Summer School 2012
Why do we need databases?
Computer Science
Is it a science?
Is it about computers?
“Datalogy” — Peter Naur, 1961

4. Summer School 2012
Navigational databases (1960-s)

5. Summer School 2012
Relational databases (1970-s)

6. Summer School 2012
Relational Algebra 101
Set Union Natural Join
Set Intersection Equi-Join
Cartesian Product Semi-Join
Projection Anti-Join
Selection Division
Rename Outer Join

7. Summer School 2012
Entity Relationship & (De)Normalization
Association Cardinality
• One-to-one
• One-to-many
• Many-to-many
Normal Forms
• 1NF • 4NF
• 2NF • 5NF
• 3NF • DKNF
• BCNF • 6NF

8. Summer School 2012
Structured Query Language (SQL)

9. Summer School 2012
Storage: B-Tree, Indexing

10. Summer School 2012
Database as a Concurrent Storage
Transaction Properties (“ACID”)
A Atomicity
C Consistency
I Isolation
D Durability
Although transactions can have different isolation levels!
Lower levels can improve performance, but with a price (side effects)

11. Summer School 2012
Relational DBMS Products

12. Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)

13. Object-Relational Mapping (ORM)

14. ORM: Example (Entity Framework)

15. ORM: Design Approaches
Database First
Model First
Code First

16. Does life exist beyond RDBMS?

17. Multidimensional Data

18. Business Intelligence
• Data Analysis
• Performance Measurement
• Enterprise Reporting
• Knowledge Management
• Data Mining

19. Summer School 2012
NoSQL Databases
Key-Value Store Document Store Multivalue Store
Graph Store Object Database RDF Database

20. Summer School 2012
Brewer Theorem (“CAP Theorem”)
A distributed computer system
cannot provide all three of the following:
C Consistency
A Availability
P Partition Tolerance
Common case: “Eventual Consistency” databases

21. Summer School 2012
NoSQL Database Products

22. Summer School 2012
Some More DB Types
Active Embedded Knowledge
Cloud Federated Parallel
Data Warehouse Hypermedia Real-time
Distributed Hypertext Spatial
Document In-memory Temporal

23. Summer School 2012
?? ?
Q&A
yuriy.guts@eleks.com

24. Summer School 2012
Thank you!