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National Council of Churches Eco-Justice Working Group
                               Earth Day Sunday 2004
=EH Life-Giving Breath of God:
    Protecting the Sacred Gift of Air
         O Lord, how manifold are your works! In wisdom
         you have made them all; the earth is full of your
         creatures . . . When you send forth your breath,
         they are created; and you renew the face of the
         ground. – Psalm 104:24, 30

         Thanking and praising God for the beauty of God’s creation
              is an essential part of our ongoing faith journey and
                 worship experience. To help celebrate God’s
                  wonderous works, each year the Eco-Justice Working
                  Group of the National Council of Churches of
                  Christ develops a resource that can be used on Earth
                 Day Sunday. The emphasis for 2004, entitled “Life-
             giving Breath of God,” is on God’s gift of air. The
         following resource highlights a number of ways individuals
         and congregations can celebrate and protect this integral part
         of God’s creation. We have included some basics on the
         state of the world’s air quality; worship resources including a
         sermon starter and bulletin insert; and ideas for personal,
         congregational, and community action to protect the air we
         breathe. We hope these ideas inspire further thoughts,
         conversations, and actions in answering God’s call to be
         faithful stewards of creation.

         The Sacred Gift of Air
         Stand at the crossroads, and look, and ask for the
         ancient paths, where the good way lies; and walk in
         it, and find rest for your soul. – Jeremiah 6:16

         As people of faith, we understand our responsibilities to
         protect the sacred gifts given by God and to heal a world
         torn by brokenness and human strife. Air pollution, like all
         human-induced environmental degradation, is a sign of this
         brokenness—a sign of our having stepped away from the
         “ancient paths” described in Jeremiah. So that we might find
         the “good way,” a place of rest for our souls (and clean air
         for our lungs), we first must acknowledge our sins and
         examine where we stand today by delving more deeply into
         the issues and explore the local, regional, and global connec-
         tions of our actions and inactions. Only then can we take
         informed and inspired steps down the right path—“the good
         way”—of healing, wholeness, and reconciliation.
Just Breathing                                                         Air Pollution as Global Warming
Clean air is essential for human life. An average person               Earth’s atmosphere is ideally composed for life, with
breathes in over 3,000 gallons of air each day. At the                 just the right mix of elements to sustain and support
same time we inhale life-sustaining oxygen, we also breathe            plants and animals. This mix includes small traces of
in the byproducts of our lifestyle choices—car fumes, fine             greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane,
particulate waste of industrial production, and chemicals              and nitrous oxide. While these greenhouse gases are
and off-gases from synthetic products in our homes.                    essential to life on earth, too much of this “good
     The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that                thing” can be devastating. Human activities are
the United States alone emits 160 million tons of pollution            making massive changes in the global atmospheric
into the air each year. And while regulatory enforcement               chemistry, which is causing global warming. The
of the Clean Air Act has significantly reduced aggregate               major greenhouse gas that humans are adding to the
emissions (down 48 percent since 1970),1 over 130 million              atmosphere is carbon dioxide, and the second largest
US residents live in counties that violate federal air quality         greenhouse gas being emitted by humans is methane.
standards. Globally, 1.1 billion people breathe unhealthy              Roughly three-quarters of human-caused greenhouse
air.2 Furthermore, the accumulation of greenhouse gas                  warming comes from the burning of fossil fuels—
emissions in the upper atmosphere is contributing to global            coal, oil, and gas. Global warming not only raises the
warming and climate change.                                            temperature of the Earth, but also increases the
                                                                       likelihood of severe storms, threatens biodiversity,
How the Air Gets Polluted                                              contributes to heat-related illnesses, and causes
We can only imagine the purity of the air that existed                 flooding in sensitive areas such as island nations.
when God’s breath first swept across the waters or first               Decreasing greenhouse emissions by transforming
filled Adam’s lungs. Today, our industrialized societies have          our energy system from one based on fossil fuels to
made smog, haze, and “code red” days commonplace.                      one based on natural, renewable energies is a way to
      Major contributors to poor air quality include power             help eliminate air pollution and curb global warming.
plants and industrial factories; mobile sources such as cars,          (adapted from The Cry of Creation)3
trucks, planes, and trains; and natural occurrences such as
wildfires and windblown dust particles. Among the largest
sources of air pollution in the United States are coal-fired     90 percent of their time indoors and studies have shown
power plants. These plants emit 67 percent of the sulfur         that indoor air levels of many pollutants can be two to
dioxide, 23 percent of the nitrogen oxides, 34 percent of        five times higher than outdoor levels.6
the mercury, and 38 percent of the carbon dioxide from                In developed countries, indoor air pollution is the
burning fossil fuels.4                                           result of increased use of household chemicals, use of
                                                                 synthetic building and furnishing materials, increased
Effects of Pollution                                             insulation, decreased ventilation, and second-hand smoke.
Human health is affected by air pollution through directly       In developing countires, 1.8 billion people still rely on
inhaled polluted air and also through “indirect” exposures       traditional biomass fuel—wood, charcoal, animal dung,
such as drinking water or eating foods that have been            and crop wastes—for household energy needs including
contaminated by pollutants emitted into the air, which then      cooking and heating, which results in indoor air pollution
fall back down to earth. These pollutants enter our              levels many times higher than international air quality
systems through contaminated water and soil, and can             standards allow.7 Promoting cleaner, renewable energy
bioaccumulate in plants and animals, traveling up the food       sources in developing countries would help improve the
chain to humans.                                                 air quality and health of people living in these regions.
     Worldwide air pollution causes more than 3 million
deaths annually,5 mostly because of particulate pollution.       Disproportionate Impacts
A great majority of the deaths are among children in             While air pollution affects everyone on God’s Earth,
developing countries who die of acute respiratory infec-         certain populations suffer a disproportionate impact.
tions brought on by indoor air pollution from burning            Among those who are suffering the most from the burden
traditional biomass fuels for cooking and heating. In the        of our lifestyle choices, are often the very ones contribut-
United States, escalating rates of asthma, particularly          ing least to the problem—the children, the poor, people of
among children, are being linked to poor air quality.            color, and residents of developing nations.

Outdoor vs. Indoor Pollution                                     l   Pound for pound, children breathe 50 percent more air
As communities struggle to curtail emissions and clean up            than adults and therefore inhale a greater proportion of
the air outside, health experts are looking increasingly at          the pollution burden. In the United States, 25 million
the quality of our indoor air. Humans spend as much as               children live in counties that violate national air quality
standards and 35 million children live within 30 miles of a           Journey from Awareness to Action
power plant, areas where the greatest health impacts occur.           Jack Chandler, Falcon Heights United Church of
An estimated 2 million of these children have asthma.8                Christ, believed that protecting air resources
                                                                      and combating climate change was a matter of
l   The World Health Organization estimates 2 million                 faith. So, he worked in his own church as well as
    children die each year from respiratory ailments making           in the larger community to facilitate changes. He
    air pollution the second leading cause of disease for             began his efforts by conducting adult education
    children under four.                                              sessions and running several information pieces
                                                                      in the church newsletter. The Senior Minister
l   Approximately 68 percent of African Americans live
                                                                      supported these initiatives by offering a sermon
    within 30 miles of a coal-fired power plant. Today,
                                                                      on global warming and challenging the church to
    asthma attacks send African Americans to the emer-
                                                                      “do its part” by participating in the Minnesota
    gency room at three times the rate of whites.9
                                                                      Wind Energy Program. The Church’s Executive
l   Seventy-one percent of Latinos live in counties that              Board has since created an environmental
    violated federal air pollution standards and are more             committee, which includes the church treasurer,
    than twice as likely as either blacks or whites to live in        and signed up for fifty 100-kilowatt hours of
    areas with elevated levels of particulate matter.10               wind energy.12

l   According to the World Health Organization, average
    annual concentrations of particulate matter are four to        various denominations of the National Council of
    six times higher in cities in China and India than in cities   Churches of Christ issued a letter to Congress, urging
    in North America, Western Europe, and Japan.                   them to meet current energy needs without sacrificing
                                                                   environmental protection for the future.
People of Faith Speak Out
Over the years, religious leaders and people of faith have         Take Action to Protect the Air
                                                                                  Protect
spoken out to protect clean air and the integrity of God’s         Congregations and individual people of faith have the
creation. In 2001, members of the faith community                  opportunity to put their faith into action to protect our
turned their collective voices to the topic of energy              precious air resources and to give glory to God’s creation.
production, a process that is one of the greatest contribu-        Reduce your energy use both at home and in the office,
tors of air pollution. The National Council of Churches            use energy efficient transportation such as fuel efficient
of Christ joined with other major faith communities                cars, and use less toxic substances when purchasing items
through the Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaign to              such as carpeting and paint for home and office use.
issue a statement that called for energy conservation and               Since our energy use is a major contributor to both
climate justice. The letter, signed by 1,200 religious leaders     local air pollution and global warming, reducing our
including 41 heads of denominations and senior religious           consumption and choosing cleaner, greener alternatives
leaders, affirmed the importance of developing a sustain-          will help protect God’s gift of air.
able energy policy that would protect the future of God’s
creation on earth and the quality of life of future genera-        For more ideas on how you can help protect God’s
tions. Recently, in response to proposed energy legislation,       sacred gift of air, visit: www.webofcreation.org/ncc.



     The Four “P”s: Power Plant Pollutants and Human Health
      Mercury: A metal found in coal, which converts into a          Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A highly corrosive gas that is
      gas when coal is burned, becomes airborne, and pollutes        formed when coal is burned. In addition to contribut-
      waterways. Bacteria in the water convert elemental             ing to acid rain, SO2 mixes with nitrogen oxides to form
      mercury into methylmercury—its most toxic form—                fine particulate matter, which can lodge in the lungs
      which is a bioaccumulating toxin that affects the brain,       affecting respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
      spinal cord, and liver and can impair a fetus or child’s
      ability to learn, speak, feel, see, taste, and move.           Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A greenhouse gas emission
                                                                     that builds up in the atmosphere and contributes to
      Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): A family of chemical                    global warming. As global average surface temperatures
      compounds formed when coal is burned. They react in            rise, humans will experience an increase in heat-related
      the presence of sunlight to form ozone smog, which can         stress, ozone smog, and the spread of infectious
      trigger asthma attacks.                                        diseases.
Sermon Starters: Reflections on the Life-Giving Breath of God
The creation story begins (Genesis 1:2-31) with the Spirit        from the sky. But we modern human beings have changed
of God moving over the face of the waters. As each act            all that. Now, in fact, the rain may bring death because it is
of creation takes place throughout the chapter, God sees          so acidic. And the air we breathe is full of noxious
it as good. Finally, when the sixth day comes, God looked         substances, such as mercury, lead, and soot that are
at “everything that he had made” and saw it as “very good.”       emitted by our factories, our power plants, our incinera-
                                                                  tors, and our vehicles. The air above us, instead of being a
Wind and Spirit. The Spirit of God in the opening                 source of blessings from God, has been changed. We have
verses of Genesis (v.2) is also translated as “a wind from        recreated it in our own image—our fallen human image—
God” or “a mighty wind.” In continuity with this connec-          and thus it has become a source of calamity.
tion between wind and Spirit, we see Jesus telling                      Have you ever looked out on the sky on a bright
Nicodemus in the Gospel of John (3:8), “The wind blows            sunny spring day, especially from a mountaintop or other
where it chooses, and you hear the sound of it, but you do        high place? Crystal clear and blue, the sky seems as if it
not know where it comes from or where it goes. So it is           goes on forever. That is how the ancients saw it. But we
with everyone who is born of the Spirit.” The word for            know that it does not. The earth’s atmosphere is remark-
wind and spirit is the same in both Hebrew (ruah) and             ably thin and fragile. It is easily damaged, and not easily
Greek (pneuma). Ruah is also the word for the breath of           repaired. And the damage that our modern industrial
God that was breathed into the first parents, as they were        economy has brought about has become so serious, that it
created in Genesis. So, the Spirit is all around us, just as is   is now hurting us, our children, and the other creatures
the wind, and within us, just as is our very breath. We are       who share this precious Earth with us.
sanctified with every breath we take: God’s creation (the
air) symbolizes God’s Holy Spirit, who, as the Orthodox           Christian Response. Many people might throw up their
pray, “is everywhere present and filling all things.” The air,    hands in despair when faced with the enormity of the
then, is something intimately connected with our very life        challenges facing us in cleaning up our environment and
and survival; furthermore, it brings to mind the Spirit who       restoring the air. As Christians, we know that this is never
gives us life in the first place.                                 an option. Perhaps instead we should lift up our hands in
                                                                  thanksgiving on this Earth Day 2004. For we believe in a
From Blessing to Calamity. Our ancestors in the faith             God who does not choose to leave us. Instead the Holy
lived in the presence of God’s Holy Spirit, bringing to           Spirit calls us to repentance, to a change of mind and
them “every perfect gift . . . from above.” (James 1:17)          heart—and lifestyle—for the sake of God’s ravaged
They lived lives that were far more integrated with the           creation, the very creation that God once declared “very
natural world, where each season was a source of thanks-          good.” As the Spirit of God moves across our hearts, our
giving, a gift from the God “from whom all blessings              own spirit is renewed from within, in a revival of faith and
flow.” They had reverence for all aspects of creation,            love. All that we do, in loving care of God’s children and
including the air, which reminded them of the Holy Spirit.        God’s suffering world, we do in fidelity to the Creator, as
They saw the many blessings that rained down upon them            a witness to the Kingdom God proclaimed. 



  States Go the Extra Mile: Fuel Eeconomy, Air Pollution, and Global Warming
  Several Interfaith State Climate and Energy Campaigns are embodying the values of justice, equity,
  stewardship, and caring for future generations by protecting air and energy resources. These state
  coalitions of religious leaders, institutions, and individuals, have focused on fuel efficient, low emissions
  vehicles as an example of responsible purchasing. “In West Virginia, “Go the Extra Mile” educational
  events were held in four cities and involved representatives from many congregations. Electric-hybrid
  cars and other fuel-efficient vehicles that cut down on air pollution and carbon dioxide (a contributor to
  global warming) were prominently displayed. Inspired by the event in Shepherdstown, a city council
  member challenged the city to become “Kyoto compliant.”11 Eleven states, including Michigan, are urging
  governors to purchase fuel-efficient vehicles for state fleets. “The faith community of Michigan is con-
  cerned about the impact that pollution from vehicles has on God’s creation and public health,” said Rev.
  Dr. Kent Ulery, Conference Minister, Michigan Conference of the United Church of Christ. “With the
  state’s dollars stretched thin it is clear to us that if we can reduce car pollution and save the state money,
  it is our moral obligation to do so.” To learn more about the Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaigns or
  to join the Network, visit www.protectingcreation.org.
Selected Faith-Based Resources and Organizations
Creation Season Liturgy. This package of materials will                                 Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaign
enable a congregation to plan a liturgy or series of liturgies                          (www.protectingcreation.org)
to honor creation. To order, call (800) 762-0968 and ask                                A coalition of religious American leaders, institutions and
for EJ 8905. ($4)                                                                       individuals who for over two years have been working in
                                                                                        21 states to educate congregants about the causes and
The Cry of Creation: A Call for Climate Justice. This twenty-                           effects of global climate change and to speak out about
five page booklet and interfaith study guide presents an                                the religious and moral imperatives to protect God’s
introductory consideration to global warming. To order,                                 creation and all of God’s children. Through this joint
call (206) 632-2426. ($5)                                                               effort of the National Council of Churches in Christ and
                                                                                        the Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life, over
Global Warming: A Religious Issue. A resource suited for                                1,200 leading religious leaders have joined in calling for
presentations, especially to skeptical audiences. It’s God’s                            federal policies for energy conservation and climate
World strategy packet listed below included. To order, call                             justice. 110 Maryland Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002.
(800) 762-0968 and ask for EJ 9955. (four copies for $1)
                                                                                        Interfaith Power and Light (www.theregenerationproject.org)
God’s Creation and Global Warming. A twelve-minute video                                An organization working to mobilize religious communities
describing the risks of climate change and why it is a                                  to play a leadership role in weaning the United States from
significant religious issue. To order, call (800) 762-0968                              its dependency on fossil fuel. 38 Keyes Street, Suites 114/
and ask for EJ 0017. ($10)                                                              115, The Presidio, San Francisco, CA 94129.

Guide to Resource Efficient Church Buildings. This guide helps                          It’s God’s World: Christians, Care of Creation and Global
readers to understand the need for “green” building and                                 Warming. Contains five one-hour sessions for adult study
remodeling and provides plenty of resources for doing so.                               on the Bible, the environment, and the challenges of a
To order, call (406) 549-7678.                                                          changing climate. Concludes with suggestions on how
                                                                                        congregations can diminish the dangers of global warming.
Guide for Energy Stewardship Congregations. This resource                               To order, call (800) 762-0968 and ask for EJ 9701. ($2)
offers your congregation suggestions for using less energy
by making your facilities more energy efficient. To order,                              For the latest web resources and advocacy actions,
call (800) 762-0968 and ask for EJ 9960. ($0.75)                                        visit www.webofcreation.org/ncc/

Notes and References
1
  Air Trend Highlights (Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, 2002)          9
                                                                                          Air of Injustice, op. cit. note 4
2
  Children in the New Millennium (United Nations Environment Programme,                 10
                                                                                           Clear the Air, Washington, DC, 2003
United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization 2002)                      11
                                                                                           The Cry of Creation, op. cit. note 3
3
  M. Schut and T. Marcovna Barnett, The Cry of Creation: A Call for Climate Justice ,   12
                                                                                           Ibid.
(Washington, DC: Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaign, 2003)
4
  Air of Injustice (Clear the Air, Georgia Coalition for the People’s Agenda, The       This resource was produced by the Eco-Justice Working Group of
Southern Organizing Committee for Economic and Social Justice, 2002)                    the National Council of Churches of Christ with support from the
5
  Children in the New Millennium, op. cit. note 1                                       National Religious Partnership for the Environment. Sermon notes
6
  Trends in Air Quality (American Lung Association, 2002)
7
  Children in the New Millennium, op. cit. note 1                                       by Father Christopher Bender. Earth Day Resource Subcommittee:
8
  Children At Risk (Clean Air Task Force, 2002)                                         Shantilal Bhagat, John Hill, and Danielle Welliever.


     Participate in other Eco-Justice programs designed to help protect God’s creation.
     q Yes! Please send me information about other programs and resources from the Eco-Justice Working Group.
     q I have enclosed a donation of $________ to help support Eco-Justice Working Group Programs such as the
     Earth Day resources (please make checks payable to the National Council of Churches and send to: Eco-Justice
     Programs, 110 Maryland Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002).

     Name ___________________________________________________________________________________
     Congregation/Denomination __________________________________________________________________
     Address _________________________________________________________________________________
     City, State, ZIP ____________________________________________________________________________
     Email ___ ______________________________________________________________________
Ideas for Action
Our air, the atmosphere of God’s world, is a
                                                                       l   Drive smart and drive less: use a fuel efficient car or an
globalcommons. It nurtures and protects all life
                                                                           alternative method of transortantion such as public
and belongs to no one but rather is shared by all.
                                                                           transit, walking, or biking.
As a community of faith we understand our moral
obligation to protect the air around us—as                             l   Conserve energy: turn off the lights and use compact
stewards of creation and as instruments of justice                         flourescent lights, adjust your thermostat, and investi-
and reconciliation for our neighbors, nature, and                          gate using “green” energy options such as solar or wind
generations yet to come. Working together, with                            power.
God as our guide and partner, we can restore
                                                                       l   Encourage your local, state, and federal public officials
health and wholeness to our broken world. We
                                                                           to support and use renewable sources of energy and
can clean our air so that future generations will
                                                                           provide attractive public transportation options.
inherit a world as pure and clean as the one first
touched by the life-giving breath of God.
                                                                        To join the Interfaith Climate Change Network, a
                                                                        network of individuals of faith and religious organi-
                                                                        zations who are helping to protect God’s precious
For ways to take action on the local, state, and                        gift of air, visit www.protectingcreation.org or
federal level, visit www.webofcreation.org/ncc/.                        contact info@protectingcreation.org.


Share your innovative ideas and stories with us. Send your photos, liturgies, sermons, and action ideas to Cassandra Carmichael, Director
of Eco-Justice Programs, National Council of Churches of Christ, 110 Maryland Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002, or email:
cassandra@toad.net.


This resource is printed on recycled-content paper with soy-based inks.




Eco-Justice Working Group
National Council of Churches of Christ
110 Maryland Avenue, NE
Washington, DC 20002




“Every perfect gift, is from above” — James 1:17

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Life-Giving Breath of God: Protecting the Sacred Gift of Air (Earth Day 2004)

  • 1. National Council of Churches Eco-Justice Working Group Earth Day Sunday 2004 =EH Life-Giving Breath of God: Protecting the Sacred Gift of Air O Lord, how manifold are your works! In wisdom you have made them all; the earth is full of your creatures . . . When you send forth your breath, they are created; and you renew the face of the ground. – Psalm 104:24, 30 Thanking and praising God for the beauty of God’s creation is an essential part of our ongoing faith journey and worship experience. To help celebrate God’s wonderous works, each year the Eco-Justice Working Group of the National Council of Churches of Christ develops a resource that can be used on Earth Day Sunday. The emphasis for 2004, entitled “Life- giving Breath of God,” is on God’s gift of air. The following resource highlights a number of ways individuals and congregations can celebrate and protect this integral part of God’s creation. We have included some basics on the state of the world’s air quality; worship resources including a sermon starter and bulletin insert; and ideas for personal, congregational, and community action to protect the air we breathe. We hope these ideas inspire further thoughts, conversations, and actions in answering God’s call to be faithful stewards of creation. The Sacred Gift of Air Stand at the crossroads, and look, and ask for the ancient paths, where the good way lies; and walk in it, and find rest for your soul. – Jeremiah 6:16 As people of faith, we understand our responsibilities to protect the sacred gifts given by God and to heal a world torn by brokenness and human strife. Air pollution, like all human-induced environmental degradation, is a sign of this brokenness—a sign of our having stepped away from the “ancient paths” described in Jeremiah. So that we might find the “good way,” a place of rest for our souls (and clean air for our lungs), we first must acknowledge our sins and examine where we stand today by delving more deeply into the issues and explore the local, regional, and global connec- tions of our actions and inactions. Only then can we take informed and inspired steps down the right path—“the good way”—of healing, wholeness, and reconciliation.
  • 2. Just Breathing Air Pollution as Global Warming Clean air is essential for human life. An average person Earth’s atmosphere is ideally composed for life, with breathes in over 3,000 gallons of air each day. At the just the right mix of elements to sustain and support same time we inhale life-sustaining oxygen, we also breathe plants and animals. This mix includes small traces of in the byproducts of our lifestyle choices—car fumes, fine greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, particulate waste of industrial production, and chemicals and nitrous oxide. While these greenhouse gases are and off-gases from synthetic products in our homes. essential to life on earth, too much of this “good The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that thing” can be devastating. Human activities are the United States alone emits 160 million tons of pollution making massive changes in the global atmospheric into the air each year. And while regulatory enforcement chemistry, which is causing global warming. The of the Clean Air Act has significantly reduced aggregate major greenhouse gas that humans are adding to the emissions (down 48 percent since 1970),1 over 130 million atmosphere is carbon dioxide, and the second largest US residents live in counties that violate federal air quality greenhouse gas being emitted by humans is methane. standards. Globally, 1.1 billion people breathe unhealthy Roughly three-quarters of human-caused greenhouse air.2 Furthermore, the accumulation of greenhouse gas warming comes from the burning of fossil fuels— emissions in the upper atmosphere is contributing to global coal, oil, and gas. Global warming not only raises the warming and climate change. temperature of the Earth, but also increases the likelihood of severe storms, threatens biodiversity, How the Air Gets Polluted contributes to heat-related illnesses, and causes We can only imagine the purity of the air that existed flooding in sensitive areas such as island nations. when God’s breath first swept across the waters or first Decreasing greenhouse emissions by transforming filled Adam’s lungs. Today, our industrialized societies have our energy system from one based on fossil fuels to made smog, haze, and “code red” days commonplace. one based on natural, renewable energies is a way to Major contributors to poor air quality include power help eliminate air pollution and curb global warming. plants and industrial factories; mobile sources such as cars, (adapted from The Cry of Creation)3 trucks, planes, and trains; and natural occurrences such as wildfires and windblown dust particles. Among the largest sources of air pollution in the United States are coal-fired 90 percent of their time indoors and studies have shown power plants. These plants emit 67 percent of the sulfur that indoor air levels of many pollutants can be two to dioxide, 23 percent of the nitrogen oxides, 34 percent of five times higher than outdoor levels.6 the mercury, and 38 percent of the carbon dioxide from In developed countries, indoor air pollution is the burning fossil fuels.4 result of increased use of household chemicals, use of synthetic building and furnishing materials, increased Effects of Pollution insulation, decreased ventilation, and second-hand smoke. Human health is affected by air pollution through directly In developing countires, 1.8 billion people still rely on inhaled polluted air and also through “indirect” exposures traditional biomass fuel—wood, charcoal, animal dung, such as drinking water or eating foods that have been and crop wastes—for household energy needs including contaminated by pollutants emitted into the air, which then cooking and heating, which results in indoor air pollution fall back down to earth. These pollutants enter our levels many times higher than international air quality systems through contaminated water and soil, and can standards allow.7 Promoting cleaner, renewable energy bioaccumulate in plants and animals, traveling up the food sources in developing countries would help improve the chain to humans. air quality and health of people living in these regions. Worldwide air pollution causes more than 3 million deaths annually,5 mostly because of particulate pollution. Disproportionate Impacts A great majority of the deaths are among children in While air pollution affects everyone on God’s Earth, developing countries who die of acute respiratory infec- certain populations suffer a disproportionate impact. tions brought on by indoor air pollution from burning Among those who are suffering the most from the burden traditional biomass fuels for cooking and heating. In the of our lifestyle choices, are often the very ones contribut- United States, escalating rates of asthma, particularly ing least to the problem—the children, the poor, people of among children, are being linked to poor air quality. color, and residents of developing nations. Outdoor vs. Indoor Pollution l Pound for pound, children breathe 50 percent more air As communities struggle to curtail emissions and clean up than adults and therefore inhale a greater proportion of the air outside, health experts are looking increasingly at the pollution burden. In the United States, 25 million the quality of our indoor air. Humans spend as much as children live in counties that violate national air quality
  • 3. standards and 35 million children live within 30 miles of a Journey from Awareness to Action power plant, areas where the greatest health impacts occur. Jack Chandler, Falcon Heights United Church of An estimated 2 million of these children have asthma.8 Christ, believed that protecting air resources and combating climate change was a matter of l The World Health Organization estimates 2 million faith. So, he worked in his own church as well as children die each year from respiratory ailments making in the larger community to facilitate changes. He air pollution the second leading cause of disease for began his efforts by conducting adult education children under four. sessions and running several information pieces in the church newsletter. The Senior Minister l Approximately 68 percent of African Americans live supported these initiatives by offering a sermon within 30 miles of a coal-fired power plant. Today, on global warming and challenging the church to asthma attacks send African Americans to the emer- “do its part” by participating in the Minnesota gency room at three times the rate of whites.9 Wind Energy Program. The Church’s Executive l Seventy-one percent of Latinos live in counties that Board has since created an environmental violated federal air pollution standards and are more committee, which includes the church treasurer, than twice as likely as either blacks or whites to live in and signed up for fifty 100-kilowatt hours of areas with elevated levels of particulate matter.10 wind energy.12 l According to the World Health Organization, average annual concentrations of particulate matter are four to various denominations of the National Council of six times higher in cities in China and India than in cities Churches of Christ issued a letter to Congress, urging in North America, Western Europe, and Japan. them to meet current energy needs without sacrificing environmental protection for the future. People of Faith Speak Out Over the years, religious leaders and people of faith have Take Action to Protect the Air Protect spoken out to protect clean air and the integrity of God’s Congregations and individual people of faith have the creation. In 2001, members of the faith community opportunity to put their faith into action to protect our turned their collective voices to the topic of energy precious air resources and to give glory to God’s creation. production, a process that is one of the greatest contribu- Reduce your energy use both at home and in the office, tors of air pollution. The National Council of Churches use energy efficient transportation such as fuel efficient of Christ joined with other major faith communities cars, and use less toxic substances when purchasing items through the Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaign to such as carpeting and paint for home and office use. issue a statement that called for energy conservation and Since our energy use is a major contributor to both climate justice. The letter, signed by 1,200 religious leaders local air pollution and global warming, reducing our including 41 heads of denominations and senior religious consumption and choosing cleaner, greener alternatives leaders, affirmed the importance of developing a sustain- will help protect God’s gift of air. able energy policy that would protect the future of God’s creation on earth and the quality of life of future genera- For more ideas on how you can help protect God’s tions. Recently, in response to proposed energy legislation, sacred gift of air, visit: www.webofcreation.org/ncc. The Four “P”s: Power Plant Pollutants and Human Health Mercury: A metal found in coal, which converts into a Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): A highly corrosive gas that is gas when coal is burned, becomes airborne, and pollutes formed when coal is burned. In addition to contribut- waterways. Bacteria in the water convert elemental ing to acid rain, SO2 mixes with nitrogen oxides to form mercury into methylmercury—its most toxic form— fine particulate matter, which can lodge in the lungs which is a bioaccumulating toxin that affects the brain, affecting respiratory and cardiovascular systems. spinal cord, and liver and can impair a fetus or child’s ability to learn, speak, feel, see, taste, and move. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A greenhouse gas emission that builds up in the atmosphere and contributes to Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): A family of chemical global warming. As global average surface temperatures compounds formed when coal is burned. They react in rise, humans will experience an increase in heat-related the presence of sunlight to form ozone smog, which can stress, ozone smog, and the spread of infectious trigger asthma attacks. diseases.
  • 4. Sermon Starters: Reflections on the Life-Giving Breath of God The creation story begins (Genesis 1:2-31) with the Spirit from the sky. But we modern human beings have changed of God moving over the face of the waters. As each act all that. Now, in fact, the rain may bring death because it is of creation takes place throughout the chapter, God sees so acidic. And the air we breathe is full of noxious it as good. Finally, when the sixth day comes, God looked substances, such as mercury, lead, and soot that are at “everything that he had made” and saw it as “very good.” emitted by our factories, our power plants, our incinera- tors, and our vehicles. The air above us, instead of being a Wind and Spirit. The Spirit of God in the opening source of blessings from God, has been changed. We have verses of Genesis (v.2) is also translated as “a wind from recreated it in our own image—our fallen human image— God” or “a mighty wind.” In continuity with this connec- and thus it has become a source of calamity. tion between wind and Spirit, we see Jesus telling Have you ever looked out on the sky on a bright Nicodemus in the Gospel of John (3:8), “The wind blows sunny spring day, especially from a mountaintop or other where it chooses, and you hear the sound of it, but you do high place? Crystal clear and blue, the sky seems as if it not know where it comes from or where it goes. So it is goes on forever. That is how the ancients saw it. But we with everyone who is born of the Spirit.” The word for know that it does not. The earth’s atmosphere is remark- wind and spirit is the same in both Hebrew (ruah) and ably thin and fragile. It is easily damaged, and not easily Greek (pneuma). Ruah is also the word for the breath of repaired. And the damage that our modern industrial God that was breathed into the first parents, as they were economy has brought about has become so serious, that it created in Genesis. So, the Spirit is all around us, just as is is now hurting us, our children, and the other creatures the wind, and within us, just as is our very breath. We are who share this precious Earth with us. sanctified with every breath we take: God’s creation (the air) symbolizes God’s Holy Spirit, who, as the Orthodox Christian Response. Many people might throw up their pray, “is everywhere present and filling all things.” The air, hands in despair when faced with the enormity of the then, is something intimately connected with our very life challenges facing us in cleaning up our environment and and survival; furthermore, it brings to mind the Spirit who restoring the air. As Christians, we know that this is never gives us life in the first place. an option. Perhaps instead we should lift up our hands in thanksgiving on this Earth Day 2004. For we believe in a From Blessing to Calamity. Our ancestors in the faith God who does not choose to leave us. Instead the Holy lived in the presence of God’s Holy Spirit, bringing to Spirit calls us to repentance, to a change of mind and them “every perfect gift . . . from above.” (James 1:17) heart—and lifestyle—for the sake of God’s ravaged They lived lives that were far more integrated with the creation, the very creation that God once declared “very natural world, where each season was a source of thanks- good.” As the Spirit of God moves across our hearts, our giving, a gift from the God “from whom all blessings own spirit is renewed from within, in a revival of faith and flow.” They had reverence for all aspects of creation, love. All that we do, in loving care of God’s children and including the air, which reminded them of the Holy Spirit. God’s suffering world, we do in fidelity to the Creator, as They saw the many blessings that rained down upon them a witness to the Kingdom God proclaimed.  States Go the Extra Mile: Fuel Eeconomy, Air Pollution, and Global Warming Several Interfaith State Climate and Energy Campaigns are embodying the values of justice, equity, stewardship, and caring for future generations by protecting air and energy resources. These state coalitions of religious leaders, institutions, and individuals, have focused on fuel efficient, low emissions vehicles as an example of responsible purchasing. “In West Virginia, “Go the Extra Mile” educational events were held in four cities and involved representatives from many congregations. Electric-hybrid cars and other fuel-efficient vehicles that cut down on air pollution and carbon dioxide (a contributor to global warming) were prominently displayed. Inspired by the event in Shepherdstown, a city council member challenged the city to become “Kyoto compliant.”11 Eleven states, including Michigan, are urging governors to purchase fuel-efficient vehicles for state fleets. “The faith community of Michigan is con- cerned about the impact that pollution from vehicles has on God’s creation and public health,” said Rev. Dr. Kent Ulery, Conference Minister, Michigan Conference of the United Church of Christ. “With the state’s dollars stretched thin it is clear to us that if we can reduce car pollution and save the state money, it is our moral obligation to do so.” To learn more about the Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaigns or to join the Network, visit www.protectingcreation.org.
  • 5. Selected Faith-Based Resources and Organizations Creation Season Liturgy. This package of materials will Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaign enable a congregation to plan a liturgy or series of liturgies (www.protectingcreation.org) to honor creation. To order, call (800) 762-0968 and ask A coalition of religious American leaders, institutions and for EJ 8905. ($4) individuals who for over two years have been working in 21 states to educate congregants about the causes and The Cry of Creation: A Call for Climate Justice. This twenty- effects of global climate change and to speak out about five page booklet and interfaith study guide presents an the religious and moral imperatives to protect God’s introductory consideration to global warming. To order, creation and all of God’s children. Through this joint call (206) 632-2426. ($5) effort of the National Council of Churches in Christ and the Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life, over Global Warming: A Religious Issue. A resource suited for 1,200 leading religious leaders have joined in calling for presentations, especially to skeptical audiences. It’s God’s federal policies for energy conservation and climate World strategy packet listed below included. To order, call justice. 110 Maryland Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002. (800) 762-0968 and ask for EJ 9955. (four copies for $1) Interfaith Power and Light (www.theregenerationproject.org) God’s Creation and Global Warming. A twelve-minute video An organization working to mobilize religious communities describing the risks of climate change and why it is a to play a leadership role in weaning the United States from significant religious issue. To order, call (800) 762-0968 its dependency on fossil fuel. 38 Keyes Street, Suites 114/ and ask for EJ 0017. ($10) 115, The Presidio, San Francisco, CA 94129. Guide to Resource Efficient Church Buildings. This guide helps It’s God’s World: Christians, Care of Creation and Global readers to understand the need for “green” building and Warming. Contains five one-hour sessions for adult study remodeling and provides plenty of resources for doing so. on the Bible, the environment, and the challenges of a To order, call (406) 549-7678. changing climate. Concludes with suggestions on how congregations can diminish the dangers of global warming. Guide for Energy Stewardship Congregations. This resource To order, call (800) 762-0968 and ask for EJ 9701. ($2) offers your congregation suggestions for using less energy by making your facilities more energy efficient. To order, For the latest web resources and advocacy actions, call (800) 762-0968 and ask for EJ 9960. ($0.75) visit www.webofcreation.org/ncc/ Notes and References 1 Air Trend Highlights (Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, 2002) 9 Air of Injustice, op. cit. note 4 2 Children in the New Millennium (United Nations Environment Programme, 10 Clear the Air, Washington, DC, 2003 United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization 2002) 11 The Cry of Creation, op. cit. note 3 3 M. Schut and T. Marcovna Barnett, The Cry of Creation: A Call for Climate Justice , 12 Ibid. (Washington, DC: Interfaith Climate and Energy Campaign, 2003) 4 Air of Injustice (Clear the Air, Georgia Coalition for the People’s Agenda, The This resource was produced by the Eco-Justice Working Group of Southern Organizing Committee for Economic and Social Justice, 2002) the National Council of Churches of Christ with support from the 5 Children in the New Millennium, op. cit. note 1 National Religious Partnership for the Environment. Sermon notes 6 Trends in Air Quality (American Lung Association, 2002) 7 Children in the New Millennium, op. cit. note 1 by Father Christopher Bender. Earth Day Resource Subcommittee: 8 Children At Risk (Clean Air Task Force, 2002) Shantilal Bhagat, John Hill, and Danielle Welliever. Participate in other Eco-Justice programs designed to help protect God’s creation. q Yes! Please send me information about other programs and resources from the Eco-Justice Working Group. q I have enclosed a donation of $________ to help support Eco-Justice Working Group Programs such as the Earth Day resources (please make checks payable to the National Council of Churches and send to: Eco-Justice Programs, 110 Maryland Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002). Name ___________________________________________________________________________________ Congregation/Denomination __________________________________________________________________ Address _________________________________________________________________________________ City, State, ZIP ____________________________________________________________________________ Email ___ ______________________________________________________________________
  • 6. Ideas for Action Our air, the atmosphere of God’s world, is a l Drive smart and drive less: use a fuel efficient car or an globalcommons. It nurtures and protects all life alternative method of transortantion such as public and belongs to no one but rather is shared by all. transit, walking, or biking. As a community of faith we understand our moral obligation to protect the air around us—as l Conserve energy: turn off the lights and use compact stewards of creation and as instruments of justice flourescent lights, adjust your thermostat, and investi- and reconciliation for our neighbors, nature, and gate using “green” energy options such as solar or wind generations yet to come. Working together, with power. God as our guide and partner, we can restore l Encourage your local, state, and federal public officials health and wholeness to our broken world. We to support and use renewable sources of energy and can clean our air so that future generations will provide attractive public transportation options. inherit a world as pure and clean as the one first touched by the life-giving breath of God. To join the Interfaith Climate Change Network, a network of individuals of faith and religious organi- zations who are helping to protect God’s precious For ways to take action on the local, state, and gift of air, visit www.protectingcreation.org or federal level, visit www.webofcreation.org/ncc/. contact info@protectingcreation.org. Share your innovative ideas and stories with us. Send your photos, liturgies, sermons, and action ideas to Cassandra Carmichael, Director of Eco-Justice Programs, National Council of Churches of Christ, 110 Maryland Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20002, or email: cassandra@toad.net. This resource is printed on recycled-content paper with soy-based inks. Eco-Justice Working Group National Council of Churches of Christ 110 Maryland Avenue, NE Washington, DC 20002 “Every perfect gift, is from above” — James 1:17