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BILL NICHOLS
DOCUMENTARY MODES
 Documentaries:
 Are fragmentary
 Use symbols and associations in time and space
 Continuity editing not important
 Impressionistic
 Lyrical
POETIC
 Documentaries:
 Speak directly to the viewer
 Propose a strong argument
 Use rhetoric (persuasion)
EXPOSITORY
 Documentaries:
 Observe lived life
 Use minimum intervention
 See poetic documentaries as too abstract
OBSERVATIONAL
 Documentaries:
 Emulate anthropological approaches – participant observation
 Show the film maker as a social actor in the film
 Are a response to the idea that it is impossible for the presence of a
camera to achieve objectivity
PARTICIPATORY
 Documentaries:
 Draw attention to the constructed nature of documentaries
 Sometimes show film makers wrestling with the content of their findings
 Are sceptical of the idea of ‘realism’ captured on film
REFLEXIVE
 Documentaries:
 Stress personal/emotional experience
 Often connect these experiences to wider political/ cultural/historical
realities
 Often poetic/unconventional
PERFORMATIVE

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Bill nichols documentary modes

  • 2.  Documentaries:  Are fragmentary  Use symbols and associations in time and space  Continuity editing not important  Impressionistic  Lyrical POETIC
  • 3.  Documentaries:  Speak directly to the viewer  Propose a strong argument  Use rhetoric (persuasion) EXPOSITORY
  • 4.  Documentaries:  Observe lived life  Use minimum intervention  See poetic documentaries as too abstract OBSERVATIONAL
  • 5.  Documentaries:  Emulate anthropological approaches – participant observation  Show the film maker as a social actor in the film  Are a response to the idea that it is impossible for the presence of a camera to achieve objectivity PARTICIPATORY
  • 6.  Documentaries:  Draw attention to the constructed nature of documentaries  Sometimes show film makers wrestling with the content of their findings  Are sceptical of the idea of ‘realism’ captured on film REFLEXIVE
  • 7.  Documentaries:  Stress personal/emotional experience  Often connect these experiences to wider political/ cultural/historical realities  Often poetic/unconventional PERFORMATIVE