1. 1905 Russo-Japanese War
PRE WWI- See Map A45 (stick scrap paper in as book
mark. FIND Manchuria (part of China), Russia, Japan
and Korea. Practice pointing to them on your blank
map!

2. Read 812-813 4 Big Questions:
What did Japan offer Russia?
What did the Japanese do?
After defeating Russia, what did Japan do?
(Read all parag. for full explanation it!)
How did they rule Korea? Exemplify!

3. Russian Revolution
An Overview

4. Life under the Czar
Most people in Russia
were poor peasants
called serfs who lived
on land owned by
wealthy landowners
Students protests,
peasant revolts, and
worker strikes were
common

5. Life under the Czar
The Russo-Japanese
War ended in a
humiliating defeat for
Russia and showed
that Czarist rule was
weak and
disorganized.
(And this is before the
Great War!)

6. Life under the Czar
World War I brought
great suffering to the
Russian people
It brought shortages in
housing, food, and fuel
Russian armies were
ill-equipped and were
soundly defeated – 1.7
million killed, 5 million
injured.

7. March Revolution 1917
Bread riots
Soldiers sent to end the violent
protests side with the
demonstrators
Czar Nicholas is forced to
resign (abdicate)
Bloodless revolution
Provisional government set up
with Kerensky in charge

8. Germany takes advantage of
• Germany knows USA coming to
Western front; wants to get rid of
Russians on Eastern front
• Helps exiled Lenin to return

9. November Revolution 1917
Wages increased between revolutions
Cost of food and other necessities increased at a higher
rate
On an average, food increased in price 556 per cent.,
or 51 per cent more than wages.
On an average the above categories of necessities
increased about 1,109 per cent, in price, more than
twice the increase of salaries

10. November Revolution 1917

11. November Revolution 1917
Civil War breaks out – Reds vs. Whites
Bolsheviks prevail through shear brutality – even when out
numbered.
Vladimir Lenin leads the revolution based upon his own
interpretations of the writings of Karl Marx
Lenin signs Treaty of Brest-Litvosk with Germany to get
out of war

12. November Revolution 1917

13. Marxism
Believed humanity was changing, Industrialization was to
blame. Horrified by working conditions.
Capitalists were getting richer than workers creating a
significant gap between the two
Believed one of the following would happen:
Rich must distribute wealth OR
A worker-led violent revolution would erupt

14. Leninism
Lenin fascinated by
industrialization,
wanted to bring that to
Russia
Differed from Marx in
his belief that the world
wide communist
revolution had to be led
by a power elite forcing
it forward – not just the

15. Leninism
Communist Party was the only
party allowed.
The use of force and terror
through the secret police
(Cheka) was necessary and
good for the cause
Used slogans, include “Bread,
Land, Peace and All Power to
the Soviets.” LOTS OF
PROPOGADA

16. Lenin’s Death
Died in January 1924.
Believed Leon Trotsky
should replace him as
leader. Trotsky had
successfully lead Red
Army against the White
Army. Had a vision of
the Soviet Union in line
with Lenin. He wanted
to focus on agriculture.

18. Lenin’s Death
Lenin believed that Stalin could not handle the power that
came with leadership. Stalin believed in the
industrialization of the nation.
Stalin takes control, has Trotsky killed.

19. “Socialism in Oneargued forbeposition
Stalin Country” a
that came to called
“socialism in one
country”
Without abandoning the
global revolutionary
vision of Lenin, Stalin
insisted that world
revolution was out of the
question for present
Their duty was to create a
strong socialist state,
capable of defending
itself against
counterrevolutionaries

20. Joseph Stalin
As General Secretary of
the Communist Party,
Stalin was able to
consolidate his power by
exerting total control
over the details of party
structure –
Stalin appeared to provide a
sense of security and
direction for the future

21. Stalin’s economic policies
involved total state
control
Political leaders identify the
country’s economic needs
and determines how to
fulfill them
To modernize the Soviet
state, Stalin ushered in
revolutions in industry
and agriculture

22. Industrial Revolution
In 1926 Stalin outlined the first of
several Five-Year Plans for the
development of the Soviet economy
Officials chose the workers, assigned
them jobs, and determined their
working hours and wages
The secret police would imprison or
execute those who did not
contribute to to the Soviet
economy
Produced fantastic economic results
– by late 1930s the USSR was
the world’s 3rd leading industrial
power, behind the US and
Germany

23. Agricultural Revolution
Stalin’s agricultural revolution was also
successful–and far more brutal–than his
industrial revolution
Combined 25 million private farms into
large, government-owned farms called
collective farms
Stalin used terror and violence to force
peasants to work on the collectives
Between 5 and 10 million peasants died as a
result of Stalin’s agricultural policies
However, by 1938 more than 90% of all
peasants lived on collective farms and the
country had produced almost twice the
wheat than it had in 1928

24. Soviet Mentality
Brutality of the state was for their own
protection
Checka, then NKVD, terrorized people – they
were genuinely afraid
“Politicals” - Enemies of the people who were
arrested for alleged spying, disloyalty, etc.
Received worse punishments then common
criminals
Gulags

25. Gulags

26. Gulags

27. Gulags

28. Gulags

29. The Terror
The Purges 1936-38
•14 of 16 Army Commanders
•60 of 67 Corps Commanders
•3 of 5 Marshalls
•8 of 8 Admirals
•9 of 11 Cabinet Ministers
•27 top drafters of Constitution
•75 of 80 members of Supreme Military Council

30. The Great Terror 1937-38
Arrests - about 7 million
Executed - about 1 million
Died in camps - about 2 million
In prison, late 1938 - about 1 million
In camps, late 1938 - about 8 million
Only 10% in camps survived

31. The Terror
A worker who bungled a job, such as allowing a faulty
transmission to pass through an assembly line was
considered to have wrecked “socialist property.” This was
considered sabotage and punishable by death.
5 years forced labor was considered a light sentence:
What is your sentence?
25 years
For what?
nothing
You’re lying—in our country for nothing they only give you 5
years!
Poetess Tanya Khodekevich was sentenced to 10 years for
writing, “you can pray freely, but just so only God can hear”

32. Indoctrination and Propaganda
Despite having millions of Russians
killed, Stalin tried to create a myth that
he was the country’s father and savior
Stalin relied on indoctrination =
instruction in the government’s set or
beliefs–to mold people’s minds and
propaganda = biased or incomplete
information to sway people towards
certain beliefs or actions
Soviet newspapers, radio broadcasts,
and art used to praise Stalin, Soviet
life, and Communist values
Stalin also falsified history itself
through censorship and manipulation
of photos and video to project a
positive image of himself and the
nation
xt

33. Indoctrination and Propaganda

34. Indoctrination and Propaganda
Four... Three...
Two... One...

35. Criminals
Guilty of murder, assault, rape, thievery, etc.
Sentences usually under 10 years
Received all the privileges.
Give power to keep politicals in line

36. Victims- Political Prisoners
Enemies of the people - arrested for alleged spying,
disloyalty, etc.
The “Terror” and “Great Purges”
Show trials, forced confessions
Public condemnations
Given no privilege – treated worse then
murders
Terrorized by criminals

37. Kolyma Conditions
• Hunger – didn’t meet quotas = less food
• Starvation most common cause of
death
• Scurvy commonplace

38. Full Circle...

39. Changing History

40. Full Circle...
• Stalin dies of a massive stroke
March 6, 1953
• Many greeted his death with tears
and foreboding, having known
nothing but his all-encompassing
leadership for 35 years
• Nikiita Kruschchev takes control of
the Party and USSR
• “All of us around Stalin were
temporary people”
• Early in 1956 Khruschev delivers a
speech in which he severely
criticized Stalin for developing a
“cult of personality”