The document discusses various literary devices and techniques used in writing. It defines stylistic devices as characteristics that make a text distinctive. It explains that writers use literary devices like figurative language and imagery to improve writing and make it more interesting. Some examples of literary devices provided include metaphor, simile, personification, and irony. The document also covers other concepts like tone, conflict, and forms of poetry like couplet and haiku.

1. Stylistic devices
By Atyha Rahman

2. Stylistic devices
 A stylistic device is a particular characteristic of a
text that makes it distinctive in some way.
 ―Stylistic devices can include such things as
character ,settings ,language techniques ,plot
,use of color ,subject matter ,or particular musical
instruments used‖ by F. pollock

3. Stylistic/literary devices
Writers often use words in special ways to help
readers "see" things in a different way.
 Devices are tools, so literary devices are tools
that writers use to improve their writing and make
it more interesting.
 Literary devices include figurative language,
imagery, and sound devices.

4. Complex text ???
 A complex text is a text that needs some
experience , knowledge or effort to understand it
properly .
 A complex text is not always easy to identify.
 Some text look or sound quite simple , however if
they are studied deeply , they may show deeper
meanings .

5. diction






The word choices made by a writer can be
described as
Formal
Semi formal
Ornate
Informal
Technical
slang

6. Figurative language
 Figurative language is language using figures of
speech.
 A figure of speech is any way of saying
something other than the ordinary way.

7. Figurative language
Figurative language (or figures of speech)
provides descriptions or comparisons that go
beyond the literal meaning of the words. It helps
us make connections between things and see the
world in new ways. Some examples of figurative
language are:
simile, metaphor, personification, idiom,
and hyperbole (exaggeration)

8. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
IT’S LIKE A SIMILE
– a comparison of two unlike things using the words
like or as.
Examples of simile:
 ―Life is like a box of chocolates.‖
 ―The girl is as beautiful as a rose.‖
 ―The willow is like an etching…‖

9. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
IT IS A METAPHOR
– a comparison of two unlike things without using
the words like or as.
Examples of metaphor:
 ―My father is a tall, sturdy oak.‖
 ―The hotel is a diamond in the sky.‖
 ―who know’s if the moon’s a balloon…‖

10. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
PERSONIFICATION
– the giving of human qualities to an animal, object,
or idea.
Examples of personification:
 ―Hunger sat shivering on the road.‖
 ―The flowers danced on the lawn.‖
 ―SpongeBob SquarePants‖ and ―Smokey the
Bear‖ are personified characters.

11. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
HYPERBOLE
- an exaggerated statement used to make a point.
Examples of hyperbole:
 ―An apple a day keeps the doctor away.‖
 ―I could sleep for a year.‖
 ―This book weighs a ton.‖

12. Oxymoron
 A small crowd
 Silent crow
 Cruel kindness
 Make haste slowly
 The wisest fool
A rhetorical figure in which incongrous or
contradictory terms combine

13. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
IMAGINE THE IMAGERY
-figures of speech or vivid descriptions used
to produce mental images (appeal to the
five senses).
Examples of imagery:
 ―Her clammy back felt like bark of the tree
after a summer’s rain.‖
 ―…the small pond behind my house was
lapping at it’s banks…‖
 ―The willow’s music is like a soprano…‖

14. Imagery can be visual:
―a blinding sun.‖

15. Imagery can also be auditory:
―the chiming of the bells.‖

16. Imagery can convey a scent:
―the aroma of dirty sweat socks.‖

17. CONFLICT
where things get complicated…

18. The Four Types of Conflict:
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Himself

19. Man vs. Man

20. Man Vs. Nature

21. Man vs. Society

22. Man Vs. Himself
 Should I do my
homework or check
my myspace?
Hmmm…

23. Irony

24. The Three Types of Irony
 Situational Irony: An event of outcome of
events opposite to what was or might naturally
have been expected.
 For example:When John Hinckley attempted
to assassinate President Ronald Reagan, all
of his shots initially missed the President;
however a bullet ricocheted off the bullet-proof
windows of the Presidential limousine and
struck Reagan in the chest. Thus, the
windows made to protect the President from
gunfire were partially responsible for his being
shot.

25. Dramatic Irony
This is when one of the characters is unaware of
important information that the audience is made
aware of.
For example: In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
Romeo believes Juliet to be dead when she is
merely asleep. This turns into tragic irony when
he decides to end his life to be with her.

26. Verbal Irony
 The speaker or writer of verbal irony says one
thing while INTENDING the reader to get a
different meaning.
 For example, when using Sarcasm, the speaker
says one thing but his tone implies another
meaning.

27. Paradox:
A seeming contradiction.
For example, ―It was the best
of times. It was the worst of
times.‖

28. Personification:
Giving inanimate object human
characteristics. For example,
―The flames reached for the child
hovering in the corner.‖

29. Pun:
The use of a word in a way that
plays on its different meanings.
For example, ―Noticing the bunch
of bananas, the hungry gorilla
went ape.

30. Satire:
A work that makes fun of
something or someone.

31. Symbolism:
The use of one things to
represent another. For example,
a dove is a symbol of peace.

32. Flowers can
symbolize
youth or
beauty.

33. Tone:
The author’s attitude toward his
or her subject. For example, a
tone could be pessimistic,
optimistic, or angry.

34. Irony:
Language that conveys a certain
ideas by saying just the opposite.

35. Literal Language:
Language that means
exactly what it says.

36. Atmosphere:
The overall feeling of a work,
which is related to tone and
mood.

37. Conflict:
The elements that create a plot.
Traditionally, every plot is build from
the most basic elements of a
conflict and an eventual resolution.
The conflict can be internal (within
one character) or external (among
or between characters, society,
and/or nature).

38. Denouement:
The resolution of the conflict in a
plot after the climax. It also
refers to the resolution of the
action in a story or play after the
principal drama is resolved—in
other words, tying up the loose
ends or wrapping up a story.

39. Archetype:
A character who represents a
certain type of person. For
example, Daniel Boone is an
archetype of the early American
frontiersman.

40. Allusion:
A reference to something or
someone often literary. For
instance, if you were trying to
instill confidence in a friend and
said, ―Use the force,‖ that would
be an allusion to Stars Wars. The
verb form of allusion is to allude.

41. Foreshadowing:
A technique in which an author
gives clues about something that
will happen later in the story.

42. Internal rhyme:
A rhyme that occurs within one
line such as ―He’s King of the
Swing.‖

43. WHAT IS A SOUND DEVICE?
 The effect of a poem can
depend on the sound of its
words.
 HERE ARE SOME
EXAMPLES…

44. SOUND DEVICE:
SOUNDS LIKE ONOMATOPOEIA
- the use of words whose sounds suggest their
meanings.
Examples of onomatopoeia:
 ―The bang of a gun.‖
 ―The hiss of a snake.‖
 ―The buzz of a bee.‖
 ―The pop of a firecracker.‖

45. SOUND DEVICE: REPETITION
- the repeating of sound, words, phrases or lines
in a poem used to emphasize an idea or convey
a certain feeling.
Examples of repetition:
 ―Sing a song full of faith that the dark past has
taught us, Sing a song of the hope that the
present has brought us…‖
 ―I think I can, I think I can, I think I can, I
think I can…‖
 ―The isolation during my vacation created a
situation of relaxation.‖

46. SOUND DEVICE:
I RHYME ALL THE TIME AND I GUESS IT
SOUNDS FINE…
- repetition of sound at the ends of words. (Rhyme
occurring within a line is called internal rhyme. Rhyme
occurring at the end of a line is called end rhyme)
Rhyme Scheme – the pattern of end rhyme in a poem.
Lines that rhyme are given the same letter.
Example of internal rhyme, end rhyme, and rhyme
scheme:
 I looked at the shell in the ocean
a
 I looked at the bell in the sea,
b
 I noticed the smell and the motion
a
 Were very peculiar to me.‖
b

47. SOUND DEVICE:
DO YOU HAVE RHYTHM? LET’S
CLAP!
– the pattern of sound created by stressed
(more emphasis, `) and unstressed (less
emphasis, υ) syllables. Many poems are
given diacritical markings (` and υ)
depending on the rhythm.
Example of rhythm:
―I looked at the shell in the ocean
I looked at the bell in the sea,
I noticed the smell and the motion
Were very peculiar to me.‖

48. SOUND DEVICE: ASSONANCE
- repetition of VOWEL SOUNDS at the
BEGINNING, MIDDLE or END of at least two
words in a line of poetry.
Examples of Assonance
 Repeating the ―eh‖ sound in the words:
―crescent,‖ ―flesh,‖ ―extending,‖ ―medicine‖ and
―death‖

49. SOUND DEVICE:
CONSONANCE
- repetition of CONSONANT SOUNDS at the
BEGINNING, MIDDLE or END of at least two
words in a line of poetry.
Examples of Consonance
Repeating the ―sh‖ sound in the words: ―shush,‖
―wish,‖ ―sharp,‖ ―cushion‖ and ―quash‖

50. SOUND DEVICE:
ALLITERATION
- repetition of CONSONANT SOUNDS at the
BEGINNING of at least two words in a line
of poetry. Example of alliteration:
Examples of Alliteration
 ―the frog frolicked frivolously on the forest
floor.‖
 ―…Little skinny shoulder blades Sticking
through your clothes…‖
 ―…struck out by a steed flying fearless and
fleet…‖

51. WHAT IS FORM?
 The form of a poem involves the physical
arrangement of the words on the page,
sometimes involving rhyme and rhythm.
 LINE: a sentence or fragment of sentence.
 STANZA: a group of more than one line.
 HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF FORM…

52. FORM: COUPLET
-a pair of lines that rhyme. A couplet may be a
poem in itself or part of a larger poem.
What is an example of a COUPLET?
The artist stirred some blue and green
To paint an underwater scene.

53. FORM: HAIKU
-an unrhymed poem consisting of three lines and
seventeen (17) syllables. These poems are
normally about nature.
The first line is five (5) syllables.
The second line is seven (7) syllables.
The third line is five (5) syllables.
What is an example of a HAIKU?
The autumn wind blows, (5 syllables)
Calling the leaves on the ground (7 syllables)
To join him in dance. (5 syllables)

54. FORM: LIMERICK
-a humorous five-line poem made up of thirteen
(13) beats with an ―AABBA‖ rhyme scheme.
The poem is named after the city of Limerick in
Ireland.
What is an example of a LIMERICK?
There was a young boy from Caboo, (3 beats)
Who had trouble tying his shoe. (3 beats)
He said to his ox, (2 beats)
“I’ll just walk in my socks.” (2 beats)
Now all of his friends do that, too! (3 beats)

55. FORM: QUATRAIN
-a four-line poem of any kind. They are often combined to form a
larger poem. Its rhyme scheme may be ―AABB,‖ ―ABAB,‖
―ABCB,‖ or ―ABBA.‖
What is an example of a QUATRAIN?
A robin sitting in a tree
(A)
Turned her head and winked at me, (A)
She sang a song as if to say,
(B)
“I’m glad to see you here today.”
(B)
There is nothing quite so peaceful
As the sound of gentle rain,
(B)
Pitter-pitter-patting
(C)
Against my window pane.
(A)
(B)

56. Dew on grass blades ,
On petals , make them shine
Dry pale scattered leaves,
In autmn ,also look fine !

57. FORM: ENJAMBMENT
 The running over of a line or thought into the next
line without a strong break or pause
 Example:
I’m feeling rather sleepy, but
I really don’t know why. I guess it
is the way the day has spun
out of control.

58. FORM: FREE VERSE
 Poetry that does not contain regular patterns of rhyme and rhythm.
The lines flow more naturally and have ―everyday speech‖ rhythm.
Poets who write in free verse often use the sound devices we have
already discussed. Here’s an example from May Swenson’s
―Southbound on the Freeway:
They all hiss as they glide,
like inches, down the marked
tapes. Those soft shapes,
shadowy inside
the hard bodies – are they
their guts or their brains

59. Allegory:
A story in which the characters
represent
abstract qualities or ideas. For
example, in
westerns, the sheriff represents
the good, and
the outlaw represents evil.

60. Blank verse:
Unrhymed lines of poetry
usually in iambic pentameter.
Plenty of modern poetry is written
in blank verse.

61. Dramatic Monologue:
A poem with a fictional narrator
addressed to someone whose
identity the audience knows, but
who does not say anything.

62. Elegy:
A poem mourning the dead.

63. Epic:
A long poem narrating the
adventures of a heroic figure—for
example, Homer’s The Odyssey.

64. Fable:
A story that illustrates a moral
often using animals as the
character—for example, The
Tortoise and the Hare.

65. Iambic pentameter:
Ten-syllable lines in which every
other syllable is stressed. For
example: ―With eyes like stars
upon the brave night air.‖

66. Lyric:
A type of poetry that expresses
the poet’s emotions. It often tells
some sort of brief story, engaging
the reader in the experience.

67. Monologue:
A long speech by one character
in a play or story.

68. Myth:
A legend that embodies the beliefs
of people and offers some
explanation for natural and social
phenomena.

69. Parody:
A humorous, exaggerated
imitation of another work.

70. Quatrain:
A four-line stanza.

71. Soliloquy:
A monologue in which a
character expresses his or her
thoughts to the audience and
does not intend the other
characters to hear them.

72. Sonnet:
A fourteen-line poem written in
iambic pentameter. Different
kinds of sonnets have different
rhyme schemes.

73. Guess the figure of speech used???
 The tree clawed at Jack with its bony fingers.
 Wondrous words are whispered into the
window of the waiting world.
 Zing! went the speeding baseball.

74. Guess …..???
 The wandering cat was a thief on the prowl.
 My sister is as sweet as a Hershey's candy
bar.
 That box weighs a hundred pounds!

75. The flowers begged for water

76. She sleeps like a log

77. You snore louder than a freight train

78. Its not your cup of tea

79. Tongue –twister /alliteration ?
A tutor who tooted the flute
Tried to tutor two tooters to too
Said the two to the tutor
―is it tougher to toot ,
Or to tutor two tooters to toot.‖

80. The wind screams as it races around
the park

86.  The light danced across the sky

87. Another delight to our senses
Peter piper picked a peck of pickled pepper
A peck of pickeled peppers peter piper picked
If Peter piper picked a peck of pickled pepper
Where’s the peck of pickled pepper
Peter piper picked ?

88. Analyze the poem !
love is more thicker than
forget
more thinner than recall
more seldom than a wave
is wet
more frequent than to fail

89. it is most mad and moonly
and less it shall unbe
than all the sea which only
is deeper than the sea

90. And guess the writer from the style !
love is less always than to win
less never than alive
less bigger than the least begin
less littler than forgive
it is most sane and sunly
and more it cannot die
than all the sky which only
is higher than the sky

91.  It is E .E . Cummings

92. Analyze this one !
To sleep on a wintery night
A meal of choice
A hill station journey
A long drive effortless
A lake by lush green
Napping on a summer noon
Walking on dry leaves in autmn
Listening their crackling , rustling sound

93. Guess the author !
Far away that line of horizon
Light blue azure , and dripping drops of rain
Sight of blooming flowers
And wavering waves by rocky beach
A flying plane , a far off sailing ship
Chirping of sparrows, flight of eagle
All seem meaningless ,
If no second is there
But nicest things on earth
If someone along is to stare !