2. • Any biology based technology which uses organisms or
their parts to make or modify products, or improve plants,
animals and microorganisms.
BIOTECHNOLOGY

3. Genetic
engineering and
biotechnology
intertwining
concepts
Presented before class by:
AVILA, ERNIE C
BSE 4B

4. 1. Tissue and cell culture
2. Marker or molecular fingerprint technology
3. Discovery and cloning of genes
4. Recombinant DNA technology or Genetic engineering.
Advances in S&T have
brought us:

5. • Serve as fingerprints and used in
a. mapping genomes,
b. Diagnostic tools to detect diseases or disorder in plants,
animals including human
c. Facilitate in selection in plant and animal breeding and
make it more effective and exact
d. Study biological diversity
e. Identify species variety or hybrid plants and animals,
human individuals
1. Molecular and
biochemical markers

6. • Used in:
a. Medicine to propagate cell culture to produce health
products such as hepatitis vaccine, insulin.
b. Agriculture-
 Propagate plants from a very small sections of various
plant parts such as seed, roots, leaf and other. This will
result to clone of similar and uniform quality
2. Tissue and cell culture

7.  Create variability or change in plants. Important traits
such as resistance to disease can be obtained in this
manner
 Eliminate diseases to produce disease-free planting
materials which can be safely transported to other places.

8.  Help in designing drugs to combat diseases
 To incorporate such genes for important traits like disease
resistance, control of ripening in crops by genetic
engineering.
3. Discovery and cloning
of important genes

9. • An organism which has a gene transferred by genetic
engineering is called as genetically modified organism
• Gen Eng. Is utilized only when the trait to be transferred
is difficult or impossible and it will take long time to
attain, by conventional breeding methods.
Genetically modified
products

10. • There are now many GM crops such as corn, cotton,
soybean, oil rapeseed, papaya and tomato with traits
obtained through genetic engineering.
• These traits includes resistance to insect pest such as corn
and cotton borer, herbicide resistance, fugal resistance
and viral diseases, altered soil composition and long shelf
life.
Application in food and
agriculture

11. • Various crops with better nutritional, post harvest and
processing qualities.
• Crops that thrive on:
o Saline soils
o Less water
o Less nutrients
Future products:

12. • Current:
 Production of biodegradable plastics by microorganism
 Use of recombinant chymosin in cheese production
 Use of genetically engineered glucose isomerase enzyme
for high fructose syrup production which has a high
thermal stability.
Industrial application

13. • Future benefits:
 Production of biodegradable plastics and other industrial
polymers by plants
 Use of protein engineered industrial enzymes that reduce
energy and raw material used.
 Production of processed foods with desired functional
properties.

14. • Current benefits:
 Bioremediation using selected microorganism
 Use of transgenic crops which protects themselves from
insect pest and pathogen, thus reducing tremendously the
use of chemical pesticide.
Application in
environment

15. • Future benefits
 Development of crops which use less chemical fertilizer
and less water
 Development of crops which produce less wastes and
toxins and extract pollutants.

16. • Our growing population is expected to reach 104 million
in 2020.
• To feed this population, our price production has to be
increased from 12.3 million tons to 17.8 M or a 40%
increase.
• These increase must come primarily from higher
biological crop yields and not by increasing land area or
using more nutrients and water.
What is biotechnology in
Philippines?

17. • Studies by UNDP, FAO, and World Bank shows that
conventional method, even at their optimum efficiencies,
will not be able to meet the food requirement of the
increasing population. Such increases must be done in the
context of sustainable agriculture.