1. 14
Student/Workbook Unit 8
Unit 8 Urban and rural life ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ‬
Key Words ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
Key Words: Unit 8 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وردت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬
deserted empty because people have left ‫ﻣﮭﺠﻮر‬
inhabitant someone who lives in a place ‫أﺣﺪ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬
overcrowding having too many people ‫ا‬
ً‫ﻣﺰدﺣﻢ ﺟﺪ‬
permanent(ly) everlasting ‫داﺋﻢ/ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
phenomenon something that happens or exists ‫ﻇﺎھﺮة‬
profitable making money ‫ﻣﺮﺑﺢ‬
pubic services transport, education and health ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
stress physical, mental, or emotional tension ‫إﺟﮭﺎد/ﺗﻌﺐ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ‬
rural adjective to describe the countryside (not town) ‫رﯾﻔﻲ‬
trend tendency to do something ‫ﻧﺰﻋﺔ/ اﺗﺠﺎه‬
urban adjective to describe the city or town ‫ﺣﻀﺮي/ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬
Key Words ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وردت ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ‬
large big; huge ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ/ﺿﺨﻢ‬
move to pass from one place or position ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬
to another
better-paid much money ‫ﯾﺪﻓﻊ ﻧﻘﻮد ﻛﺜﯿﺮة‬
empty vacant; nobody there ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬
phenomenon something that happens or exists ‫ﻇﺎھﺮة‬
rural adjective to describe the countryside (not ‫رﯾﻔﻲ‬
town)
depopulation the reduction over time in a region's number ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن/ أو‬
of people ‫ھﺠﺮة اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬
overcrowding having too many people ‫ﻣﺰدﺣﻢ‬
close near ‫ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻦ‬
annual yearly ‫ﺳﻨﻮي‬
successful winning; thriving ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ/ﻣﺰدھﺮ‬
agricultural concerned with cultivating land; farming ‫زراﻋﻲ‬
well-known famous ‫ﻣﺸﮭﻮر‬
typical conforming to a particular type ‫ﻧﻤﻄﻲ‬
inhabitants people who live in a place ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬
permanent everlasting ‫داﺋﻢ/ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
profitable make money ‫ﻣﺮﺑﺢ‬
unemployment without a job ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
trend tendency ‫ﻧﺰﻋﺔ/اﺗﺠﺎه‬
elderly people old people ‫ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ‬

2. 15
Student/Workbook Unit 8
public services transport, education and health ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
deserted empty because people have left ‫ﻣﮭﺠﻮر‬
reversed inverted ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
wealthy rich ‫ﻏﻨﻲ‬
escape run away ‫ﯾﮭﺮب‬
stress physical, mental, or emotional tension ‫إﺟﮭﺎد‬
(SB) The end of village life ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫أﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮭـــــــــﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ‬
 When large numbers of people move from (1)their homes in country areas to
‫أﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺮدود أﻓﻀﻞ ﻹﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰارع‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻣﺎ‬
find better-paid jobs in towns and cities, the villages and farms (2)they once
‫ﻋﺎﺷﻮا ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﻻ أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮت ﯾﺸﺘﺮي ﯾﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫ھﻨﺎك‬
lived in are often left empty. No one wants to buy homes (3)there because (4)they
‫ﻻ ﯾﻌﻤﻠﻮن/ﯾﺮﺑﺤﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﻮت‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎھــــــــــﺮة‬ ‫ُﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﯾ‬
cannot make money out of (5) them. This phenomenon, (6)which is called
‫اﻟﺮﯾﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻزدﺣﺎم‬ ‫وأﯾﻀـــــــــً اﻟﻤﺪن‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫أﻗــــﻞ‬
rural depopulation, can lead to overcrowding in cities as well as for fewer people
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿﺔ‬
in country areas.
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎھــــــــــــــــﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺎرﯾﺠﻮس‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ اﺳﺒﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬
 One example of this phenomenon is the Garrigues area of Spain, about one
‫ﺳﻮاﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺷﻠﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎخ ﺣﻮض اﻷﺑﯿﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
hour’s drive from Barcelona. The area has a Mediterranean climate, but because
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ‬ ‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺸﺘﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
ً‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ‬
(7)
it is high and not close to the sea, winter temperatures are quite low.
‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل ﺳﻘﻮط ﻣﻄﺮ ﺳﻨﻮي‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬
The area has an annual rainfall level of 482mm (8)which falls in only 47 days of
‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊ‬
the year, during the autumn and spring.
‫ﺎ‬
ً‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯿ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺤــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ زراﻋـــــــــــﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬
Historically, (9)this was a successful agricultural area; on the higher ground, the
‫اﻟﻠــــﻮز زرﻋﻮا اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺮوم‬ ‫ودﯾﺎن اﻷﻧﮭﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻮﻟﯿﺎ ذرة ﻗﻤـــﺢ‬
farmers grew almonds and vines, while in the river valleys, wheat, corn, beans
‫ﻋﺒﺎد اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾـــــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮭـﻮرة ﺑـ‬
and sunflowers were the traditional crops. The area was particularly well-known
‫زﯾﺖ زﯾﺘﻮن ﻋﺎﻟـــﻲ-اﻟﺠـــــﻮدة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺪﯾﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻً ﯾﺰرع‬
‫ﺎ‬
for (10)its high-quality olive oil which was grown mainly for export.
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ ذروﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
 The population of the area was at (11)its highest about 150 years ago, when a
‫ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮى‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬
typical village might have 500 inhabitants, whereas now some villages have as

3. 16
Student/Workbook Unit 8
‫داﺋﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎن‬
few as 100 permanent inhabitants.
‫أﻗﻞ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻷن‬ ‫رﺑﺤﯿﺔ أﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫زادت‬
But as farming became less and less profitable, and unemployment grew, the
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﺑـــﺪأ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪن‬ ‫ﻹﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ھﺬه اﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑـــــﺪأت‬
population began to move to the cities to find work. This trend started in 1860
‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮت‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﯿﻮم‬
and has continued to this day.
‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻً ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮى‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
Now some villages consist mainly of elderly people. The area is suffering from
‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻧﺰوح/ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺳﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺘﺪﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﮭﺠﻮرة‬ ‫ﻣﺰارع‬
the effects of depopulation, such as poor public services and deserted farms.
‫أﺟﺰاء‬ ‫أوروﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮات ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬ ‫إﻻ أﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺮﯾــــــﻒ‬
In some parts of Europe in recent years, however,the move from the country to
‫اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء ﻷن ﻋﻜﺴﺖ/أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻠﻮن‬ ‫اﻷرﯾﺎف‬ ‫ﻟﻠﮭﺮب ﻣﻦ‬
the city has been reversed as wealthy people move to the countryside to escape
‫اﻻزدﺣﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻮث‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ/ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻘﻠﻮن‬
from the overcrowding, pollution and stress of city life. (12)Some are moving
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ داﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﯾﺸﺘﺮون‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮت ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬
permanently, but (13)many are buying holiday or weekend homes (14)which are
‫أﻏﻠﺐ أوﻗﺎت ﺧﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
empty for much of the year.
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ: ﺗﻢ وﺿﻊ أرﻗﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
1. their= people 8. which= an annual rainfall
level of 482mm
2. they= people 9. this= Garrigues
3. there= in country areas (where 10. its= the area (Garrigues)
people left villages and farms empty) 11. its= population
4. they= people 12. some= wealthy people
5. them= homes 13. many= wealthy people
6. which= phenomenon 14. which= homes
7. it= the Garrigues area of Spain
A. Answer the following questions based on the text:
1. According to the first paragraph, why do people move from their homes
in country areas?
2. Why don't people want to buy homes in the country?
3. What do you think “rural depopulation” means?
4. What can the large movement from the countryside cause, according to the
first paragraph? Mention two effects.

4. 17
Student/Workbook Unit 8
5. According to the second paragraph, what happened to the Garrigues area of
Spain?
6. Write down two characteristics of Garrigues.
7. How much does it usually rain every year in Garrigues?
8. The writer says “Garrigues was a successful agricultural area.” Is the writer
justified? Explain your answer.
9. According to paragraph 2, what was the most important product of Garrigues?
10. According to the third paragraph, the population of Garrigues were forced to
move to the cities. Give two reasons for that.
11. Quote (or write down) the sentence in paragraph three that shows rural
depopulation has not stopped in Garrrigues yet.
12. According to the third paragraph, what are the effects of depopulation on
Garrigues area?
13. According to the last paragraph, why are rich people moving to the
countryside? Give three reasons.
14. What does the underlined word “them” in the first paragraph refer to?
15. Find a word in the third paragraph that means the same as “empty because
people have left”.
B. Critical Thinking
Where would you like to live: in a city or a village? Explain and justify your
choice.
Vocabulary ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮدات‬
1 Match the words on the left with things that make those sounds.
:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب: ﻃﺎﺑﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻣﻊ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﺪر ھﺬه اﻷﺻﻮات‬
Note All these words can be used as nouns or verbs.
.‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ: ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ أﺳﻤﺎء أو أﻓﻌﺎل‬
:‫اﻟﺠﻮاب ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬
a. 5 b. 3 c. 7 d.1 e. 2 f.8 g. 4 h. 6
a. bang (‫ 1 ﯾﻄﺮق/ ﻃﺮﻗﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﺎب‬traffic / plane engine
b. click ‫ﯾﻄﻘﻄﻖ/ﻃﻘﻄﻘﺔ‬ 2 a person who is in pain or very frightened
c. drip ‫ﺻﻮت اﻟﻘﻄﺮات اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ‬ 3 a light switch / a car seat belt being fastened
d. roar (‫دوي/ھﺪﯾﺮ)ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬ 4 an old-fashioned clock
e. scream ‫ﯾﺼﺮخ/ﺻﺮﺧﺔ‬ 5 a door closing very noisily / a hammer hitting
something hard
f. splash ‫ﺻﻮت رﺷﺮﺷﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء‬ 6 the wind in the trees / a bird
g. tick (‫ 7 ﺗﻜﺘﻜﺔ)ﺻﻮت اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬a tap that hasn't been turned off
h. whistle ‫ 8 ﯾﺼﻔﺮ/ﺻﻔﯿﺮ‬something falling into water

5. 18
Student/Workbook Unit 8
1 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the noise words from
this list. There are more words than you need.
bang ‫ﯾﻄﺮق/ﻃﺮﻗﺔ‬ click ‫ﯾﻄﻘﻄﻖ/ ﻃﻘﻄﻘﺔ‬ drip ‫ﺻﻮت ﻧﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ‬
roar (‫ﯾﮭﺪر/ ﯾﺪوي )ﺻﻮت اﻟﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎت‬ scream (‫ﯾﺼﺮخ )ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻮف‬
splash(‫ ﯾﻄﺮﻃﺶ )ﺻﻮت ﻃﺮﻃﺸﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء‬tick (‫ﺗﻜﺘﻜﺔ )ﺻﻮت اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ whistle ‫ﯾﺼﻔﺮ‬
a. Many people left their houses near the airport because of the……..or the
planes.
b. I heard the tap…………….so I went to the bathroom and turned it off.
c. He jumped into water with a big……………… .
d. The woman………….when she saw a strange man enter the house.
e. I like to hear the ………….of our old-fashioned clock.
Idioms with and and ‫ﻋﺒﺎرات اﺻﻄﻼﺣﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
2 Complete these sentences with idioms from this list.
:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب: أﻛﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ واﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
pick and choose ‫ ﯾﺨﺘﺎر ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬nearest and dearest ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
odds and ends ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬far and wide ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن‬
hustle and bustle ‫ﺿﻮﺿﺎء وازدﺣﺎم‬
1. I've traveled far and ……………. ,but I haven’t found anywhere I like as much
as my country.
2. Most of the time I love the hustle and ……………………. of city life.
3. The new library is wonderful; there are many books to pick and
…………………..from.
4. I made a big party and invited the nearest and………………… .
5. I will tidy the room of my children there are many odds and ………on the
ground.
2 Rewrite these sentences, replacing the underlined phrases with one of
those from the box.
far and wide ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ hustle and bustle ‫ﺿﻮﺿﺎء وﺻﺨﺐ‬
nearest and dearest ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ واﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﺮﺑﯿﻦ‬
odds and ends ‫ أﺷﯿﺎء ﻣﻔﺘﺮﻗﺔ/أو ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬pick and choose ‫ﯾﺨﺘﺎر ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬
rough and ready ‫ﺧﺎم وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻊ اﻵن‬
a. Graduates with first class degrees can often select exactly the jobs
they want.
b. The country is too quiet for me, I would miss the noise and excitement of the
city.
c. I tidied my office the other day and found all kinds of different things
on my desk.
d. People came from all over the place to see the exhibition.
e. We're having a big celebration next week, so we're inviting all our
family and close friends.

6. 19
Student/Workbook Unit 8
:‫اﺣﻔﻆ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
Verb ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ Noun ‫اﺳﻢ‬ Adjective ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ Adverb ‫ﻇﺮف‬
nature ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ natural ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ naturally ‫ﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿ‬
threaten ‫ﯾﮭﺪد‬ threat ‫ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ‬ threatening ‫ﻣﮭﺪد‬ threateningly ‫ﺑﺘﮭﺪﯾﺪ‬
vary ‫ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ/ ﯾﻨﻮع‬ variety ‫ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻠﺔ/ﺗﻨﻮع‬ various ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ/ﻣﺘﻨﻮع‬ variously ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻮع‬
peace ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ peaceful ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻢ/ھﺎدئ‬ peacefully ‫ﺑﺴﻼم‬
remind ‫ﯾﻨﺒﮫ/ﯾﺬﻛﺮ‬ reminder ‫اﻟ ُﺬ ِﺮ‬
‫ﻤﻛ‬
excite ‫ﯾﺜﯿﺮ/ﯾﺤﻤﺲ‬ excitement ‫اﺑﺘﮭﺎج/ﺳﺮور‬ excited ‫ﻣﺒﺘﮭﺞ/ﻣﺴﺮور‬ excitedly‫ﺑﺤﻤﺎس/ﺑﺴﺮور‬
Choose the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following sentences:
1. Don’t try to impress people .Just act ………………………..
( nature , naturally , natural)
3. We should protect…………. From pollution and destruction.
( nature , naturally , natural)
3. The forest is under ……….. from building developments
( threaten , threat , threatening)
4. I don’t………..you; I just remind you of what you should do.
( threaten , threat , threatening)
5. There is so much …………… in my new job . I do something different
everyday. ( vary , variety , various)
6. There are………….kinds of animals living in the forest.
( vary , variety , various)
7. The match was full of ………………………….until the very last minute.
( excite , excitement , excited)
8. The family was ............when the man told them they were going to visit Syria.
( excite , excitement , excited)
9. He longed to escape from the city to the ……..and quietness of the countryside.
( peace , peaceful , peacefully )
10. At the end, the child slept…………..in his room.
( peace , peaceful , peacefully )

7. 20
Student/Workbook Unit 8
(WB) Capital Cities ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﺻــــــــــــﻤﺔ‬ ‫دوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ‬
 The capital city of a country is very often (1)its greatest city, with the largest
‫ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻹدارﯾﺔ/اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ أھﻤﯿﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﯿﻢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻــــــــﻢ‬
population and the most important administrative buildings. Capital cities house
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
ً‫أﯾﻀــــــــــ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺎرات‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫دول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻢ‬
government offices, as well as embassies from other countries. (2)They are also
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻃﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ/دوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻮك‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى‬
financial centres, containing national and international banks and other financial
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت‬
institutions.
‫أﺧﺮى ﻻ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﺻـــــــﻢ‬ ‫ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻘـــﺮ‬
Amman is no different from other capital cities in this respect - (3)it is the seat of
‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣــــﺔ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻲ‬
government and the economic and cultural centre of Jordan.
‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ أي‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
Amman has the biggest population of any city in Jordan and is home to about a
‫ﺛﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏــــﻢ أن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧــــﻲ‬
third of the people -2.3 million people! Although many of the buildings are very
‫أﻧﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﯾﻌــــــــﻮد إﻟﻰ‬
smart and futuristic, the city actually has a history going back over 8,000 years.
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﺴـــــــﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻌﺎﺻـــــــــﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧـــــﻲ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬
(4)
It was only established as the capital in 1921, but has many ancient buildings.
‫ﻋﺎﺻـــــــــﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﮫ/ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ‬
 Brasilia, the capital city of Brazil, is both similar to and different from Amman.
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
ً‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰً إدارﯾﺎ/ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
Like Amman, (5)it is an administrative centre and contains the key political
‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧــــــﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴـــــﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ إﻻ أﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬
buildings and institutions. However, unlike Amman Brasilia is not the major
‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰا اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬
cultural or economic centre of Brazil, and with 2.5 million people, (6)it is home to
‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﺿﺨﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎن‬
only a tiny fraction of the huge Brazilian population.
‫ﺑﻨﯿﺖ‬ ‫أواﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻــﻤﺔ‬
 Built in the late 1950s, (7)it is a new city and has only been the capital of Brazil
‫ﺣﻠﺖ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯿﺖ‬ ‫رﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬
since 1960. (8)It took over from Rio de Janeiro, (9)which remains a major
‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
ً‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﯿ‬ ‫ا‬
ً‫أﯾﻀـــــــً ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن‬
economic and cultural centre, as well as having a population of many millions
‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻋﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ا‬
ً‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﯿﻦ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﺟﺪ‬
more. Brasilia is a very modern city and because (10)it is so new, planners were

8. 21
Student/Workbook Unit 8
‫ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻮا‬ ‫ﺣﺎزم‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
able to strictly regulate (11)its layout. (12)It is divided into sectors, with specific
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﯿﺔ أﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﺠﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﻜﻨﯿﺔ‬
zones for business, industry, government and residential areas.
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ: ﺗﻢ وﺿﻊ أرﻗﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
1. its= country 7. it= Brasilia
2. they= capital cities 8. it= Brasilia
3. it= Amman 9. which= Rio de Janeiro
4. it= Amman 10. it= Brasilia
5. it= Brasilia 11. its= Brasilia
6. it= Brasilia 12. it= Brasilia
A. Answer the following questions based on the text.
1. In the first paragraph the writer defines the typical capital city. Write down two
of the characteristics of a typical capital city.
2. According to the second paragraph, there are many factors that make Amman
a typical capital city. Mention two of these factors.
3. Why does Amman have many ancient buildings?
4. According to the third paragraph, in what ways does Brasilia differ from
Amman as the capital city? Write down two differences.
5. Quote (or write down) the sentence in paragraph 3 that shows a very small
number of Brazilians live in Brasilia.
6. According to the last paragraph, what was the previous (former) capital city of
Brazil?
7. The writer believes Brasilia is a well-organised new city. Is the writer justified?
Explain your answer.
8. In which zone can people build their houses in Brasilia?
9. Find a word in the third paragraph that means the same as “a small amount of
something”.
10. What does the underlined word “they” in the first paragraph, refer to?
B. Critical Thinking
Would you like to live in your capital city, Amman? Why/Why not? Justify and
explain your answer.

9. ‫22‬
‫‪Student/Workbook‬‬ ‫8 ‪Unit‬‬
‫.‪Now match these words and phrases from the article with their meanings‬‬
‫‪a. embassy‬‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺎرة‬ ‫‪1 an organisation with an important role in the country‬‬
‫ﯾﻨﻈﻢ/أو ﯾﻀﺒﻂ ‪b. regulate‬‬ ‫‪2 a particular part of an area‬‬
‫‪c. sector‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫‪3 a small amount of something‬‬
‫‪d. specific‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪد‬ ‫‪4 clearly defined‬‬
‫‪e. fraction‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫‪5 supervise or control‬‬
‫‪f. institution‬‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪6 the offices of the representative of a foreign country‬‬
‫:‪Grammar‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
‫اﻗﺮأ اﻟﺸﺮح اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻋﻦ أدوات اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ واﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ، وﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﻞ ﺗﻤ ﺎرﯾﻦ اﻟﻜﺘ ﺎب‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ.‬
‫ﺷﺮح إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻷدوات وﻋﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ، وھﻤﺎ:‬
‫1.ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ )ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ( وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ )‪(comparison‬‬
‫2. ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ إﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ، وﺗﺴﻤﻰ )‪.(contrasting‬‬
‫اﻗﺮأ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺎت:‬
‫1. ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ )ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ( ‪comparison‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﯿﻦ:‬
‫‪comparative‬‬ ‫أ. ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ/ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ :‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ ﺷ ﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨ ﺼﯿﻦ ﻧ ﻀﯿﻒ ) ‪ (-er‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟ ﺼﻔﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻗ ﺼﯿﺮة )ﺗﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄ ﻊ واﺣ ﺪ ﻓﻘ ﻂ(. أﻣ ﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻃﻮﯾﻠ ﺔ )ﺗﺘﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ أﻛﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻘﻄ ﻊ واﺣ ﺪ( ﻧ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻠﮭ ﺎ‬
‫)‪.(more‬‬
‫ادرس اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ )‪(Comparative‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬
‫‪tall‬‬ ‫‪taller‬‬ ‫‪beautiful‬‬ ‫‪more beautiful‬‬
‫‪cheap‬‬ ‫‪cheaper‬‬ ‫‪important‬‬ ‫‪more important‬‬
‫‪rich‬‬ ‫‪richer‬‬ ‫‪interested‬‬ ‫‪more interested‬‬
‫ادرس اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ :‬
‫.‪1. Saleh is rich‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻏﻨﻲ )اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺼﯿﺮة ( .‬
‫. ‪2. Saleh is richer than Ahmad‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻟﺢ أﻏﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ.‬
‫. ‪3. Fatimah is intelligent‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ذﻛﯿﺔ )اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ( .‬
‫. ‪4. Fatimah is more intelligent than Fatin‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ذﻛﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺗﻦ .‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ ﻋﺎدة ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻠﻤﺔ “‪ ”than‬وﺗﻌﻨﻲ )ﻣﻦ( .‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒً اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺣﺮوف، ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒً ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺣﺮوف.‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ:‬
‫‪superlative‬‬ ‫ب. ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ/ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ:‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻛﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺷ ﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨ ﺼﯿﻦ ﻧ ﻀﯿﻒ ” ‪ “-est‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟ ﺼﻔﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻗ ﺼﯿﺮة.‬
‫أﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ "‪. "the most‬‬
‫ادرس اﻟﺠ ﺪول اﻟﺘ ﺎﻟﻲ اﻟ ﺬي ﯾﻮﺿ ﺢ ﻗﺎﻋ ﺪة اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿﻦ أﻛﺜ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺷ ﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨ ﺼﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪(Superlative‬‬

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‫‪Student/Workbook‬‬ ‫8 ‪Unit‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬
‫‪tall‬‬ ‫‪the tallest‬‬ ‫‪beautiful‬‬ ‫‪the most beautiful‬‬
‫‪cheap‬‬ ‫‪the cheapest important‬‬ ‫‪the most important‬‬
‫‪rich‬‬ ‫‪the richest‬‬ ‫‪interested‬‬ ‫‪the most interested‬‬
‫ادرس اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ :‬
‫.‪1. Khalid is clever‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ذﻛﻲ )اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺼﯿﺮة(‬
‫. ‪2. Khalid is the cleverest in our family‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ذﻛﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻨﺎ.‬
‫. ‪3. Samia is beautiful‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﺟﻤﯿﻠﺔ. )ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻃﻮﯾﻠﺔ(‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﯿﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻤﺎ ً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ. .‪4. Samia is the most beautiful in the school‬‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ ﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ” ‪.“ than‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ : اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺷﺎذة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ، ﻟﺬا ﯾﺠﺐ ﺣﻔﻈﮭﺎ ﺻﻤً:‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫‪Adjective‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪Comparative‬‬ ‫‪Superlative‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ/ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ/أو‬
‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ‬
‫‪good‬‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫‪better‬‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫‪the best‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫‪bad‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺊ‬ ‫‪worse‬‬ ‫أﺳﻮء‬ ‫‪the worst‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻮأ‬
‫‪many‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪more‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫‪the most‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫‪much‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪more‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫‪the most‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫‪little‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪less‬‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫‪the least‬‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻞ‬
‫‪far‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ )ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ(‬ ‫‪farther‬‬ ‫أﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪the farthest‬‬ ‫اﻷﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫‪far‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ )ﻛﻤﯿﺔ(‬ ‫‪further‬‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫‪the furthest‬‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ )أﻗﻞ ‪ (less‬و )أﻗﻞ ‪(fewer‬‬
‫- ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ )‪ (less‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت أو اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة. أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:‬
‫.‪• English is less difficult than Chinese‬‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ أﻗﻞ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﯿﻨﯿﺔ. )ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ(‬
‫.‪• I have less money than Ahmad does‬‬
‫أﻣﻠﻚ ﻧﻘﻮدً أﻗﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ أﺣﻤﺪ. )ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﺳﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود/اﻟﻨﻘﻮد(‬
‫ا‬
‫- ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ )‪ (fewer‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺎرن أﺳﻤﺎء ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﺪودة. أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:‬
‫.‪• Akram has fewer friends than Sami‬‬
‫ﻟﺪى أﻛﺮم أﺻﺪﻗﺎء أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﻲ. )ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء- اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﺪود(‬
‫.‪• Nawal visited fewer countries than her husband‬‬
‫زارت ﻧﻮال دو ً أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ زوﺟﮭﺎ. )ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺪول- اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﺪود(‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫2. ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ إﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﯿﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ )‪(contrasting‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت واﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو وﺿﻌﯿﻦ:‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ/ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ :‪- whereas‬‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ أو وﺿﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ.‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ :‪- but‬‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ أو وﺿﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ، وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ أﯾﻀً ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ. ادرس‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ:‬
‫.‪• Muna lives in a big city, whereas her sister lives in a village‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻣﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة، ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ أﺧﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﯾﺔ.‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ: اﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ )‪ (whereas‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ )وﻟﻜﻦ ‪ (but‬ﻟﻨﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﻦ. ﻓﯿﺠﻮز أن‬

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‫ﻧﻘﻮل أﯾﻀ ً:‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫.‪• Muna lives in a big city, but her sister lives in a village‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻣﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة، وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ أﺧﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﯾﺔ.‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﯾﺪ أن ﻧﺒﯿﻦ أن ﺳﺒﺒ ً أدى إﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ، ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ )وﻟﻜﻦ ‪ .(but‬ادرس‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل:‬
‫)ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ( .‪• Ahmad studied very hard, but he didn’t succeed‬‬
‫)ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ( .‪• Ahmad studied very hard, whereas he didn’t succeed‬‬
‫اﺣﻤﺪ درس ﺑﺠﺪﯾﺔ، وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن )اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ(.‬
‫إذن: ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (whereas‬ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل )‪ (but‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ إﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﻦ، وﻻ ﯾﺠﻮز‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ.‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى :‪- On the other hand‬‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻹﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ رأﯾﯿﻦ أو ﻓﻜﺮﺗﯿﻦ، أو ﻋﺮض وﺟﮭﺘﯿﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ، وھﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒ ً‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ )‪.(but‬‬
‫‪• Playing computer games can be a lot of fun. On the other hand, they can‬‬
‫.‪waste much of your time‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﺐ أﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﺘﻌً ﺟﺪً. ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى، ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻀﯿﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺘﻚ.‬
‫ﺎ ا‬
‫ﻋﺎدة ﺗﻘﻊ )‪ (On the other hand‬ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ، وﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻛﺒﯿﺮ، وﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ),(.‬
‫ﺑﺪ ً ﻣﻦ :‪- instead of‬‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫.‪• Instead of buying a new car, I will buy a flat‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪ ً ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮاء ﺳﯿﺎرة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة، ﺳﺄﺷﺘﺮي ﺷﻘﺔ.‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ: ﯾﻘﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪ (instead of‬إﻣﺎ )ﻓﻌﻞ+‪ (ing‬أو اﺳﻢ وﺻﻔﺎت.‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪- In comparison with‬‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ أو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ أو وﺿﻌﯿﻦ. ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒً ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ "‪ whereas‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ" أو "وﻟﻜﻦ ‪."but‬‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫وﯾﻘﻊ ﻋﺎدة ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﺳﻢ وﺻﻔﺎﺗﮫ.‬
‫.‪• In comparison with Jordan, Iraq is a big country‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻷردن، اﻟﻌﺮاق دوﻟﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة.‬
‫.‪• In comparison with old people, young people need to sleep more hours‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ، ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﺸﺒﺎب إﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻧﻮم أﻛﺜﺮ.‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ: ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل )‪ (whereas‬أو )‪ (but‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﯿﻦ، ﻣﺜﺎل:‬
‫.‪• Jordan is a small country, whereas Iraq is big‬‬
‫اﻷردن دوﻟﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة، ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻛﺒﯿﺮة.‬
‫.‪• Jordan is a small country, but Iraq is big‬‬
‫اﻷردن دوﻟﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة، وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻛﺒﯿﺮة.‬
‫‪- prefer………to‬‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ.......ﻋﻠﻰ ........‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻹﻇﮭﺎر ﺗﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻋﻠﻰ آﺧﺮ‬
‫.‪• I prefer drinking tea to milk‬‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﺷﺮب اﻟﺸﺎي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻠﯿﺐ.‬
‫.‪• Some rich people prefer living in the countryside to living in the city‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء ﯾﻔﻀﻠﻮن اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﯾﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ.‬
‫‪- While‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫وﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒً ﻧﻔﺲ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ )ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ‪ .(whereas‬أي ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ. ادرس اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ:‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫.‪• Morad is very intelligent, while his brother is very stupid‬‬
‫.‪• Morad is very intelligent, whereas his brother is very stupid‬‬
‫ﻣﺮاد ذﻛﻲ ﺟﺪً ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ أﺧﻮه ﻏﺒﻲ ﺟﺪً. )ﻻ ﻓﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪(while/whereas‬‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ أن ‪- although‬‬
‫وﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ، وﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ.‬
‫.‪• Although Amman is an old city, it has a lot of modern buildings‬‬

12. 25
Student/Workbook Unit 8
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ أن ﻋﻤﺎن ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ، إﻻ اﻧﮫ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ‬
• Although Manal slept for 10 hours last night, she felt tired.
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ أن ﻣﻨﺎل ﻧﺎﻣﺖ 01 ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ، إﻻ اﻧﮭﺎ ﺷﻌﺮت ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫( ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﮫ. ﻗﺎرن‬but) ‫( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ، وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻘﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ‬but ‫ﻻﺣﻆ: ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ )وﻟﻜﻦ‬
:‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﯿﻦ‬
• Amman is an old city, but it has a lot of modern buildings.
• Manal slept for 10 hours, but she felt tired.
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ: اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت واﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒ ً ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ واﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل: إﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ/أو ﺷﯿﺌﯿﻦ/ أو وﺿﻌﯿﻦ. ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻧﺘﺒﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎرﯾﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻲ أﻧﮫ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ أن ﺗﺤﻞ‬
:‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أي ﻛﻠﻤﺔ أو ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
On the other hand, in comparison with, whereas, but, while
:‫ادرس اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ، وﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒ ً ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺎ‬
- Majed is very rich. On the other hand, his brother is very poor.
.ً‫ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺟﺪً. ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى، أﺧﻮه ﻓﻘﯿﺮ ﺟﺪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
- In comparison with Majed, his brother is very poor.
.ً‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎﺟﺪ، أﺧﻮه ﻓﻘﯿﺮ ﺟﺪ‬
‫ا‬
- Majed is very rich, whereas his brother is very poor.
.ً‫ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺟﺪً، ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ أﺧﻮه ﻓﻘﯿﺮ ﺟﺪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
- Majed is very rich, but his brother is very poor.
.ً‫ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺟﺪً، وﻟﻜﻦ أﺧﻮه ﻓﻘﯿﺮ ﺟﺪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
- Majed is very rich, while his brother is very poor.
.ً‫ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺟﺪً ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ أﺧﻮه ﻓﻘﯿﺮ ﺟﺪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
A. Choose the correct item in brackets.
1. People in Jordan used to travel on animals,………… they now use modern
means of transport. (whereas, on the other hand, in comparison to)
2. Mobile phones are very comfortable. …………., they can cause some health
problems. (Whereas, In stead of, On the other hand)
3. ……….America, China is achieving higher annual growth.
(Instead of, In comparison with/ On the other hand)
4. Scientistists are looking for a new source of energy ………..oil.
(instead of, whereas, in comparison with)
5. Solar energy is very clean…………..other sources of energy.
(instead of, whereas, in comparison with)
6. Solar energy is very clean, ………..energy produced by oil is pollutant.
(instead of, whereas, in comparison with)
7. I sleep for 8 hours every night, ……….my brother sleeps only for 6 hours.
(on the other hand, whereas, instead of)
8. Working as a doctor is a very tough. …………, it is a well-paid job.
(on the other hand, whereas, instead of)
9. My father is tall ………..…my uncle is short.
(in comparison with, but, on the other hand)
10. My father is tall, ……….my uncle is short.
(in comparison with, but, on the other hand)
11. …………….my father, my uncle is short.
(In comparison with, But, On the other hand)
12. I have always preferred to have tea…of coffee. (whereas, while, in stead of)
13. Jordan is ………….than Lebanon. (big, bigger, the biggest)

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Student/Workbook Unit 8
14. But Sudan is the…………Arab country. (big, bigger, biggest)
15. Muna has………..friends than her sister. (less, fewer, most)
16. I have………money than you. (less, fewer, most)
17. Some people………….travelling by bus to car. (prefer, instead of, while)
18. Huda works in a bank,………her sister works in a big Mall.
(prefer, instead of, while)
19. We went for a walk………it was raining. (although, but, whereas)
20. It was raining…………we went for a walk. (although, but, whereas)
B. Join the following sentences with the word/s in brackets.
1. Manal is a student. Her sister works in a bank. (whereas)
2. Manal is a student. Her sister works in a bank. (but)
3. Manal is a student. Her sister works in a bank. (while)
4. Old people need little food. Young people need much food. (whereas)
5. Old people need little food. Young people need much food.
(on the other hand)
6. Old people need little food. Young people need much food. (in comparison
with)
7. I don’t want to watch TV. I want to read a story. (instead of)
8. I don’t want to watch TV. I want to read a story. (prefer)
GUIDED WRITING : (5 points)
Read the information on the table below, and then write two sentences
showing the differences between train journeys and car journeys . Use the
appropriate linking words such as ; and , but , whereas ……………..
Differences between train journeys and car journeys
Train journeys Slow , cheaper , enjoy seeing natural views,
Car journeys faster , more expensive , you can stop anywhere you
want
Writing ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
Describing places to live ‫وﺻﻒ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬
(‫ادرس اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻜﺎن )ﻣﻨﺰل‬
A. This architect-designed house has two storeys and is located in a village two
kilometers from the sea. It has a tiled roof which provides shady areas on both
the ground floor and first floor. The house is surrounded by a colourful garden
which has been well looked after. The property overlooks a luxurious swimming
pool.
‫ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺰل اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ- ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﮭﻨﺪس ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻘﯿﻦ وﯾﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺒﺤ ﺮ. وﻟ ﮫ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮﻣﯿﺪ واﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻈﻠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄ ﺎﺑﻖ اﻷرﺿ ﻲ واﻟﻄ ﺎﺑﻖ اﻷول. واﻟﻤﻨ ﺰل ﺗﺤ ﯿﻂ ﺑ ﮫ ﺣﺪﯾﻘ ﺔ زاھﯿ ﺔ‬
.‫اﻷﻟﻮان وھﻲ ﺣﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ. وھﺬا اﻟﻌﻘﺎر ﯾﻄﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﻓﺔ‬
B. This two-storey modern house is situated on the outskirts of
medium-sized town. It is surrounded by a large garden with lawn, trees,

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Student/Workbook Unit 8
shrubs and hedges. It has a flat roof and there are balconies outside the
first floor windows. It is painted white and there are no other houses
nearby.
‫ﯾﻘﻊ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺰل اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻘﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎرف ﺑﻠ ﺪة/أو ﻣﺪﯾﻨ ﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳ ﻄﺔ –اﻟﺤﺠ ﻢ. وھ ﻮ ﻣﺤ ﺎط ﺑﺤﺪﯾﻘ ﺔ ﻛﺒﯿ ﺮة‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮج أﺧﻀﺮ )أي ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﻀﺮاء(، وأﺷﺠﺎر وﺷ ﺠﯿﺮات وأﺳ ﯿﺠﺔ. وﻟ ﮫ ﺳ ﻘﻒ ﻣ ﺴﻄﺢ وھﻨ ﺎك ﺷ ﺮﻓﺎت/أو ﺑﻠﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت‬
.‫ﺧﺎرج ﻧﻮاﻓﺬ اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﻷول. إﻧﮫ ﻣﺪھﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺑﯿﺾ وﻟﯿﺲ ھﻨﺎك أي ﻣﻨﺎزل أﺧﺮى ﻣﺠﺎورة‬
C. This two-storey modern building is located in a residential area in the
suburbs of a large city. It has a small garden with recently planted trees
and shrubs. The property is surrounded by a low wall which separates it
from a quiet street. The house has a flat roof.
‫ﯾﻘﻊ ھ ﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻨ ﻰ اﻟﺤ ﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻤﻜ ﻮن ﻣ ﻦ ﻃ ﺎﺑﻘﯿﻦ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ ﺳ ﻜﻨﯿﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﺿ ﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨ ﺔ ﻛﺒﯿ ﺮة. ﻟﺪﯾ ﮫ ﺣﺪﯾﻘ ﺔ ﺻ ﻐﯿﺮة ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫أﺷﺠﺎر وﺷﺠﯿﺮات ﻣﺰروﻋﺔ ﺣ ﺪﯾﺜﺎ. و اﻟﻌﻘ ﺎر ﯾﺤ ﯿﻂ ﺑ ﮫ ﺳ ﻮر ﻣ ﻨﺨﻔﺾ واﻟ ﺬي ﯾﻔ ﺼﻠﮭﺎ ﻋ ﻦ ﺷ ﺎرع ھ ﺎدئ. اﻟﻤﻨ ﺰل ﻟ ﮫ‬
.‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ‬
:‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل‬
:‫1. ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ أﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل، أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
Location: ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
- is located in a village 2 kilometres from the sea .‫ﯾﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ 2 ﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
- is situated on the outskirts of a medium-sized town .‫ﯾﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻠﺪة ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
- is located in a residential area in the suburbs of a large city
‫ﯾﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﻜﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬
:‫2. ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ )و اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ(، أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
Description: ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
- architect-designed ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﮭﻨﺪس ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
- a tiled roof ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮﻣﯿﺪ‬
- Shady ‫ / ﻣﻈﻠﻞ‬colourful ‫/ زاھﻲ اﻷﻟﻮان‬ well looked after ‫/ ﯾﻌﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﮫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ‬
- Luxurious ‫ / ﻣﺮﯾﺢ/ﻣﺘﺮف‬two-storey ‫/ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻘﯿﻦ‬modern ‫/ﻋﺼﺮي‬
- medium-sized‫ / ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬large ‫ / ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬flat ‫( ﺷﻘﺔ‬roof ‫ / ) ﺳﻄﺢ‬residential ‫/ ﺳﻜﻨﻲ‬
- small ‫ /ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬recently planted ً‫ / ﻣﺰروع ﺣﺪﯾﺜ‬low ‫( ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬wall ‫ /) ﺟﺪار‬quiet ‫ھﺎدئ‬
‫ﺎ‬
:‫3. ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل، أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
parts of the buildings: ‫أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺎت‬
- storeys ‫ / ﻃﻮاﺑ ﻖ‬roof ‫ / ﺳ ﻄﺢ‬ground floor ‫ /اﻟﻄ ﺎﺑﻖ اﻷرﺿ ﻲ‬first floor ‫ / اﻟﻄ ﺎﺑﻖ اﻷول‬garden
‫ /ﺣﺪﯾﻘ ﺔ‬swimming pool ‫ / ﺑﺮﻛ ﺔ ﺳ ﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬balconies ‫ / ﺑﻠﻜﻮﻧ ﺎت-ﺷ ﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﻨ ﺰل‬windows ‫/ﻧﻮاﻓ ﺬ‬
wall ‫ /ﺟﺪار‬kitchen ‫/ ﻣﻄﺒﺦ‬dinning-room ‫/ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﺔ‬bedroom ‫/ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻮم‬
bathroom ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬
:‫4. ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎزل. أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
natural features: ‫ﻣﻼﻣﺢ/ﺻﻔﺎت ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬
trees ‫ / أﺷﺠﺎر‬lawn ‫ / ﻣﺮج أﺧﻀﺮ‬shrubs ‫ / ﺿﻮاﺣﻲ‬hedges ‫ﺳﯿﺎج/ أﺳﻮار‬
Free Writing
Write a letter to a friend describing your own house. Write about the
following:
- the location of the building ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬
- the appearance of the outside of the building ‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬
- parts of the building ‫أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬
- information about any natural features near the building
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ أي ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬