2. • A series of
The Crusades military
campaigns from
the 1090s to the
1400s by a variety
of European
military groups
into parts of the
Byzantine Empire
and Muslim
controlled Middle
East.
3.
4. THE CRUSADES
• The Islamic groups holding the regions
of the Middle East were not unified at
the time.
• Massacres were committed by Muslim
and Christian armies during the wars.
7. Events that may have led to the
Crusades
Christian Church in Jerusalem was
destroyed.
Pilgrim routes (to the Holy Land) were
closed for a period of time.
Byzantine Empire was losing territory to
Islamic Turks and the Byzantine
leaders requested assistance from
other Christian kingdoms.
8. Reasons to go on CRUSADE
Read Pope Urban II’s speech –
Summarize the main ideas of the speech
by listing in your notebook the:
“The top 5 reasons to go on Crusades.”
9. Categorize your five reasons.
What are the political, economic, social,
and religious reasons he gives?
10. RELIGIOUS Causes
• God, through the Pope, commanded it
• Regain Holy Lands and pilgrim routes
• Automatic forgiveness of sins
11. POLITICAL Causes
• End fighting among Europeans (civil
wars)
• Help defend Byzantine Empire which will
keep Muslim armies from Europe.
• Gain power / territory at the expense of
Islamic groups
15. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On the Byzantine Empire
• Weakening of the Empire due to the
pillaging of Constantinople and taking
of Byzantine lands.
• Severed political and religious
connections to Western Europe.
17. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On western Europe:
• Nationalism within Europe
• Increased desire for “eastern” goods and
increased trade connections with the
Islamic markets.
19. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On western Europe:
• Exposure to Islamic learning, innovation,
and technological advancements
20. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On the Islamic groups of the Middle East
• Very little change in politics or culture
– Saladin helped unify Muslim forces
and retook the Middle East and Asia
Minor.
