1. Aim: What is a cell?
Do Now:
On your paper.
Notes are in blue.
COOL FACT: What is the biggest single
cell on Earth?
2. COOL FACT: What is the biggest
single cell on Earth?
The nerve cells in a giraffe’s legs are the
LONGEST single cells- each one is 2 meters (6
½ feet) long!
Eggs are single cells- so an ostrich egg is one
huge cell!
The algae Caulerpa looks like a multicellular
plant- but is actually only a single cell- and it can
grow to be a meter long (3 ¼ feet)!
Thiomargarita namibiensis is the largest
bacteria on Earth- it’s 0.75 mm in diameter- so
big you can see it with only your eye!!
3. Here are those big cells:
Thiomargarita
namibiensis compared
to a fruit fly!
4. CELLS
You have already learned that
all living things perform the
eight MRS. GONER life
processes.
You can now add one more
thing that all living things do.
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE
MADE UP OF CELLS.
5. Cell Theory
The foundation of modern biology
Credit for the theory is given to three
scientists: Theodor Schwann, Matthias
Jakob Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow.
6. What is Cell Theory?
All living things are made up of cells
The cell is the structural and
functional unit of organisms
All cells come from pre-existing
cells.
Today we can add:
All cells contain DNA.
7. COMMON CELL TRAITS
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
8. Two types of cells
Prokaryotic: No nucleus or other
membrane-bound organelles.
Example: bacteria
Eukaryotic: Has a nucleus and
other membrane-bound
organelles. Example: plants,
fungi, and animals.
11. How many cells do living things have?
Organisms are made of one or more
cells.
Unicellular organisms are made of one
cell.
Multicellular organisms are made of many
cells.
Prokaryotes are almost always
unicellular.
Eukaryotes can be either unicellular or
multicellular.
12. How many cells do multicellular
organisms have?
Multicellular organisms can have some or
MANY cells.
Human bodies contain around 50 trillion
human cells.
Human bodies contain around 500 trillion
BACTERIA cells
You are ten times more bacteria than “you”
inside of YOU!
14. Wrap-Up!
Turn to the chapter 3 word wall on page 95.
Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.
15. Aim: How does a
cell function?
Do Now: On
your paper
16. Cell Organelles
Our bodies maintain homeostasis
through their organ systems.
Single cells need to maintain
homeostasis too.
Cells use organelles to maintain
homeostasis.
Organelles are cell structures that
do specific jobs.
17. 1. CELL MEMBRANE
Outer covering, protective layer
around ALL cells
For cells with cell walls,the cell
membrane is inside the cell wall
Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste
products out of the cell.
Analogy Like your skin!
18. 2. NUCLEUS
Directs all cell
activities
Contains
instructions for
everything the cell
does in the form
of DNA
Analogy your
brain!
21. 5. Mitochondria
A cell’s “power plant”
Makes ATP, which is the
main molecule that the cell
uses for energy.
Analogy your muscles!
22. 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
TWO TYPES:
Rough E.R.
Smooth E.R.
Both types of E.R.
move molecules
around the cell
Analogy your
circulatory system
25. Only in Plants: 9. CELL WALL
Provides protection and stability for
the plant cell
26. Only in Plants: 10. CHLOROPLAST
Where photosynthesis takes place
Plants make sugars here.
27. Only in Plants:
11. A Large, Central Vacuole
Full of water- makes plants rigid
When vegetables get soft, they have
have lost water from their vacuoles.
34. PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
A process that uses light energylight energy,,
carbon dioxide (COcarbon dioxide (CO22)) and waterwater
(H(H22O)O) to produce glucoseglucose..
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
glucoseglucose
SUN
Light energyLight energy
36. Question:Question:
• Why are plants green?
• Chlorophyll, the chemical that captures
the sun's energy, is green!
37. PlantsPlants
• Plants are Autotrophs:
They produce their own food.
• To do this, plants need:
– Energy (from the sun)
– Water (from their ROOTS)
– Carbon Dioxide (from their STOMA)
Stoma
38. Roots Obtain Water
• Roots obtain water
using OSMOSIS
• Water is immediately
pulled up to the
leaves, so the inside
of the roots is
constantly
hypertonic.
39. Stoma Obtain Carbon Dioxide
• A Plant's Stoma are
like little mouths- they
breathe in and out!
• Carbon dioxide comes
in using diffusion
• Oxygen exits using
diffusion
• To prevent water
loss, stoma close
during droughts!
41. Chlorophyll MoleculesChlorophyll Molecules
• Chlorophyll moleculesChlorophyll molecules harvest energy byharvest energy by
absorbingabsorbing certain lightcertain light wavelengthswavelengths
((blue-420 nmblue-420 nm andand red-660 nmred-660 nm areare
most important).most important).
• PlantsPlants areare greengreen because thebecause the greengreen
wavelengthwavelength isis reflectedreflected,, not absorbednot absorbed..
• In other words, plantsIn other words, plants DON'T USEDON'T USE
green light!green light!
42. Wavelength of Light (nm)Wavelength of Light (nm)
400 500 600 700
Short wave Long wave
(more energy) (less energy)
44. Wrap-Up!
Turn to the chapter 3 word wall on page 95.
Record at least two “new to you” words that we used in class today.
45. Aim: How are cellular
respiration and
photosynthesis tomorrow?
Do Now: On your paper
Notes are in yellow
46. Cellular Respiration
Two Types:
1. Anaerobic (Without Oxygen)
– A. The Phosphagen System
– B. Lactic Acid Fermentation
– C. Alcohol Fermentation
2. Aerobic (With Oxygen)
47. Anaerobic Respiration
The Phosphagen system…
A compound called
creatine phosphate can
make ATP (energy)
very rapidly.
Allows muscles to work
very hard, but only for
a very short time.
Lasts for about 8-10
seconds.
48. Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
causes...
A BURNING SENSATION
IN YOUR MUSCLES.
(What trainers are talking
about when they say,
“FEEL THE BURN!!”)
This happens when your
muscles run out of
oxygen.
50. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
• Aerobic cellular respiration releases
energy by breaking down glucose
using oxygen.
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
oxygen+glucosecarbon dioxide+water+energy
51. Where Does Aerobic
Respiration Happen?
• The cell organelle responsible for
making energy
• Nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the
cell.
• Mitochondria
52. Compare Photosynthesis & Respiration
• Photosynthesis:
• Stores energy from the Sun
• 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Respiration:
• 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O
• Releases Energy from Sugars (ATP)
• What do you notice?
53. What do you notice?
• Photosynthesis:
• Respiration:
Carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen
Sugar + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water
