2. • Understanding the Era:
– The Enlightenment pushed for
“rationalization”
– New idea.. Be “irrational” (be true
to yourself and nature, explore dreams and fantasy)
- Questioned - What moves man to do things?
- Opposed to conflict, questioned laws, gov’t, religion
(anything that ties one down)
– Romantic Era (Freud, Marx, Dickens, Three Musketeers
and Robin Hood,
– Beethoven and Shelley – Mary and Percy)
Percy – “The world will be a better place…
– Napoleon = A Robin Hood Hero

3. • Corsica – French Occupation
• Angry young guy
• 9 – Military School
• Why?
• Brutal and smug warrior
• By 23 – A General!
– Great Irony – A Nationalist!

4. • Great leadership abilities – General
• 1799 – Directory is weak
– Coup d’état – “bloodless”
– Streamlines government
– National Bank of France
– Napoleonic Code (fair regulated legal system)
• Individual liberty, equality before the court, free enterprise
– Concordat - Reopens the Churches (even though he’s a non-believer)
– Tax Reforms
– Lycees, public works – sewers, statues, Arc de Triompe
– 1802 – Appointed Head of State

5. Arc de Triomphe

6. • During the French Revolution
women fought for equal rights
• “Declaration of the Rights of
Women” – 1793 = National Razor
• Napoleonic Code…2nd
class
– Property of father or husband
• 1945 = Equal Rights
Olympe de Gouges

8. • Egypt & Danube – great victory
• Marengo – great loss?
• 1810 – Europe is his!
• Age 40 – 70 million!
• No heir!
• What about Britain?
• How to attack?
• Navy?
• Balloons/tunnels?
• Embargo?
• Russia!

13. • French occupation is Brutal!
– Assassination attempts, obsessed with winning
• Thinks he’s infallible and invincible
• 1812 – The Grande Armee – 650K
• The Greatest Russian Warrior! (1940, too!)
• 1814 – surrender – exile

17. • 1814 - Louis XVIII – restored
• Everything is restored (borders, laws, rule)
• France is stunned!
• 1815 – Napoleon is bored and hears
rumours.
• The big escape!
• What happens when he makes landfall?

18. • The Grande Armee is restored!
• Austrians are quickly defeated before Brits arrive.
• Nap meets Wellington at Waterloo.
• 40K vs 20K (with higher ground)
• Outdated techniques
• Prussians arrive from behind!
• Defeat!

19. • Very remote
• Poor treatment
by British troops
• 1821 – health fails (age 51)
• Rumours

20. • What does it all mean? What are the
consequences?
• Louis XVIII
• Congress of Vienna – 1814
• Italian Nationalism
• German Nationalism
• European Revolutions

21. The Rise of
Nationalism
– 1794 – Poland
– 1796 – White Lotus – China
– 1789 – Irish
– 1804 – Serbian
– 1808 – Madrid
– 1810 – Mexico, Paraguay, Venezuela
– 1812 – Korea
– 1820 – Spain and Portugal – Peru, too!
– 1821 – Greece
– 1822 – Mexico IND
– 1824 – Russian (Decembrists)
– 1825 – Indonesia
– 1830 – French again
– 1830 – Belgium IND
– 1832 – Algeria
– 1837 – Canada
– 1841 – Afghanistan
– 1848 – France, Italy, Germany IND
– 1848 – Hungary
– 1851 – China
– 1854 – Spain IND
– 1857 – India
– 1859 – Italy
– 1866 – Japan
– 1867 – Irish
– 1867 – Canada IND
– 1868 – Puerto Rico IND
– 1875 – Herzegovina
– 1876 – Bulgaria
– 1896 – Philippine IND
– 1903 – Macedonia IND
– 1905 – Iran
– 1907 – Romania
– 1908 – Turkey
– 1910 - Mexico
Examine the Ripple Effect from 1789:
What was the result of the French
Revolution and the Napoleonic Era?

22. The End
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bneJnNxC8Ig
• Today, Napoleon is buried in 6 places... WHY??
St Jerome's Chapel

23. A Question to Think About
• How could the key concepts we’ve been
discussing be applied to France?
– collective consciousness
– national identity
– national unity
– contending national loyalties
– forms of nationalism