Biochemistry review presentation

Chemistry in Biology Chemistry in Biology

Atoms, Elements, Compounds ,[object Object],The nucleus is at the center of the atom. Positively charged particles called protons and particles with no charge called neutrons are located in the nucleus. Electrons with negative charges are located outside the nucleus. Atoms contain an equal amount of protons and electrons and have a total charge of zero.

Elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Isotopes, Radioactive Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. If an atom is unstable , the nucleus can decay and give off radiation – these are called radioactive isotopes. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope that is found in all living things. Scientists can determine how old an object is by determining how much Carbon 14 is in the object.

Compounds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Water is the compound H 2 O. Table salt is the compound NaCl. Hydrocarbons are compounds made of Carbon and Hydrogen. Methane CH 4 is a hydrocarbon.

Chemical Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Covalent Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ionic Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Energy of Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Exothermic Reaction Endothermic Reaction

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Most enzymes are proteins. Temperature and pH changes can alter the shape of an enzyme and lower its activity.

Enzyme/Substrate/Product ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The “lock and key” model

Water is a Polar Molecule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called polar molecules . In water, the electrical attraction between the negative oxygen side of one water molecule and the positive side of the other water molecule form hydrogen bonds. Section 6-3 Water and Solutions

Solutions and Suspensions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 6-3 Water and Solutions

Water – solvent of life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acids and Bases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

pH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

pH and Buffers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Building Blocks of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Macromolecules ,[object Object],[object Object],Section 6-4 The Building Blocks of Life Monomer Polymers

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The four major categories of macromolecules are Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids. ,[object Object]

Carbohydrates ,[object Object],[object Object],Simple sugars like Glucose are called monosaccharides . Two simple sugars joined together are called a disaccharide. Ex: Sucrose. Many sugars covalently connected in a chain are called a polysaccharide . Polysaccharides : Glycogen Cellulose Chitin

Lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 6-4 The Building Blocks of Life

Phospholipids and Steroids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Proteins can form a variety of 3-dimensional structures.

Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biochemistry review presentation

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