Presented by Asamoah Larbi (IITA) at the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Bamako, Mali, 3-4 February 2014

1. Africa RISING
Review of Progress Ghana 2013
Asamoah Larbi, IITA
Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting,
Bamako, Mali, 3-4 February 2014

2. Africa RISING – Program
Purpose of Africa RISING:
Provide pathways out of hunger and poverty for small holder families, especially for women
and children, through sustainably intensified farming systems that sufficiently improve
productivity, nutrition, and income security and conserve or enhance the natural resource
base

3. Africa RISING – Intervention communities

4. Africa RISING – Ghana: National partners
ARI
CBOs
CRI
FRI
GLDB
INSTI
KNUST
MOFA
MOH
SARI
SEEDPAG
SRI
UDS
UG
Animal Research Institute
Community-based Organizations
Crops Research Institute
Food Research Institute
Grains and Legumes Development Board
Institute for Scientific and Technological Information
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Ministry of Food and Agriculture
Ministry of Health
Savanna Agricultural Research Institute
Seed Producers Association of Ghana
Soil Research Institute
University for Development Studies
University of Ghana

5. Africa RISING – Ghana: International partners
AVRDC
The World Vegetable Center
CIAT
International Center for Tropical Agriculture
ICRISAT
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics
IITA
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
ILRI
International Livestock Research Institute
IWMI
International Water Management Institute

6. Approach: Farming Systems Research
Characterization
Designing
Testing/Adapting
Diffusion
Extension Agent
Researcher

7. Africa RISING Research Outputs vrs. Stages in
Farming Systems Research
Africa RISING Research Outputs
Farming Systems Research Stages
Situation analysis
Farming systems characterization
Designing
Integrated systems development
Testing
Adapting
Scaling and delivery
Diffusion

8. Community analysis and mobilization

9. Cropping systems - cereals

10. Cropping systems – sorghum and millet

11. Cropping systems – cereals-legume

12. Cropping systems – legumes

13. Cropping systems – vegetables

14. Livestock – small ruminants

15. Livestock – rural poultry and pigs

17. Livestock – production constrains and solutions
Constrains to livestock production in the intervention communities and suggested solutions
Main problems
Suggested solutions
1. Poor housing
Support in cash for housing construction or housing package
2. High disease and mortality
3. Lack of improved breeds
4. Conflict with crops farmers
5. Inadequate feed
Confinement of animals to reduce exposure and better access to
veterinary services
Better management of the local breeds, buying the improved breeds
and the supply of these breeds in the form of support.
Confinement and herding of the flock
Collection and conservation of crops residue; subsidized concentrate
feeds and training in better feeding practices
6 Low prices offered by marketing agents 1.Formation of farmer groups to negotiate good prices for members;
and processors for animals
2.Weighing of animals and sell according to animals’ weight.
8. Lack water in the dry season
Construction of dug-outs and small reservoirs and supply of materials
for rain water harvesting.
9. Access to credit
Formation of farmers groups and cooperative to facilitate access to
credit and external support.
10. High cost of veterinary drags
Government subsidy and support from NGOs in form animal health
service package.

18. Africa RISING-Ghana: 2013 Work plan
Situation analysis (Research output 1)
1Community mobilization and innovation platforms
2Farming systems analysis
3Inventory of innovations
Leader
IITA
WUR
IITA
Integrated systems management (Research output 2)
4Improving cereal-legume systems
5Land management strategies
6Agricultural water management
7Improving cattle, sheep and goat production
8Intensifying rural pig and poultry production
9Improving farm household nutrition
IITA
CIAT
IWMI
ILRI
KNUST
GHS, FRI
Scaling and delivery (Research output 3)
10Comparison of delivery approaches
MoFA, UDS

19. Cereals: rice yield gap
6000
Filled grain (kg/ha)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Farmer-managed
Researcher-managed

20. Cereals – improved management effects on rice
Farmer practice
Improved practice
Filled grain (kg/ha)
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1
2
3
4
Farmers
5
6
7

21. Vegetables: Okra fruit yield – farmers’ field day
NOKH1004
FV (Unn Manna)
NOKH1003
TZ-SMN-86
FV (Unn)
0
2
4
6
8
Fruit yield (t/ha)
10
12

22. Livestock – rural poultry and pigs
Tibali
Tingoli
Guo
Papu
Gia
60
50
60
50
40
30
20
10
50
40
30
20
40
30
20
10
Landless
Small
Medium
Wealth Category
Northern region
Large
10
0
0
•
•
•
•
% of the Household
70
% of the Household
% of the Household
60
Bonia
0
Landless
Small
Medium
Large
Wealth Category
Upper West region
Landless household: No land, no livestock;
Small household : < 3 acre of land & < 6 ruminant;
Medium Household: 3 – 10 acre of land & 6 – 30 ruminant;
Large Household: > 10 acre of land & > 30 ruminant
Landless
Small
Medium
Wealth Category
Upper East region
Large

23. Livestock – sources of ruminant diets
Bonia, Upper East
Naturally
occuring &
collected
forage
11%
Purchased
10%
Crop
residues
13%
Grazing
66%
Guo, Upper West
Tibali, Northern
Naturally
occuring &
collected forage
18%
Naturally
occuring &
collected forage
13%
Crop residues
16%
Grazing
63%
Purchased
5%
Crop residues
22%
Cultivated
fodder
8%
Cultivated
fodder
5%
Grazing
50%

24. Rural poultry and pig systems characterization
Regions
Communities
Bongo
Samboligo
Kassena-Nankana
Bonia, Gia
Nadowli-Kaleo
Goriyiri, Guo, Goli, Gy
illi
Wa West
Nato-Duori, Nyaggli
Savelugu-Nanton
Upper East
Districts
Jana, Libiga, Tibale,
Tolon-Kumbungu
Gbanjong,
Tibongnaayili, Kpirim,
Cheyohi
Upper West
Northern

25. Species of poultry reared by farmers (%)
Species
Upper East
Upper West
Northern
Guinea fowls
100
76.3
64.3
Chickens
Turkeys
Ducks
Pigeons
100
0
19.6
5.9
96.6
6.8
15.3
1.7
91.4
0
4.3
0

26. Poultry production systems and management practices (%)
System of production
Semi-intensive
Free Range
UER
100
0
UWR
94.9
5.1
NR
97.1
2.9
Mean
97.3
2.7
Housing
Mud
Wooden
Others
78.4
13.7
7.8
96.6
0
0
87.2
11.4
1.4
87.4
8.4
3.1
Feeding
Grains + scavenging
Feed + scavenging
Scavenging only
98
0
2
100
0
0
82.9
14.3
2.9
93.6
4.8
1.6
Breeding
Uncontrolled mating
Incub. & brood. by hen
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
UER: Upper East Region; UWR: Upper West Region; NR: Northern Region

27. Sale of poultry and uses of income (%)
UER
UWR
NR
Mean
Sale
No sale
94.1
5.9
89.8
10.2
97.1
2.9
93.7
6.3
Income (birds)
Income (eggs)
96.1
3.9
84.7
5.1
50
44.3
76.9
17.8
Buying of food
Paying of schools fees
Health-care
86.3
72.5
35.3
79.7
54.2
49.2
78.6
70
24.3
81.5
65.6
36.3
UER: Upper East Region; UWR: Upper West Region; NR: Northern Region

28. Poultry production constraints (%)
UER
UWR
NR
Mean
Pests and diseases
100
91.5
85.7
92.4
High keet mortality
78.4
69.5
68.6
72.2
Predation
82.4
69.5
61.4
71.1
Lack of knowledge
60.8
62.7
30
51.2
Feed shortage
56.9
62.7
25.7
48.4
UER: Upper East Region; UWR: Upper West Region; NR: Northern Region

31. Breeds of pigs reared and their sources (%)
Breeds
Upper East Upper West Northern
Exotic
Local
Crosses
14.6
78.2
6.2
Source of breeds
Local producers
Other producers
Breeding stations
Relative/friend
70.8
25
8.4
8.4
8.8
82.5
1.8
22.2
77.8
0
88.1
7.1
5.3
0
88.9
11
9
0

33. Pig production systems and management practices (%)
Intensive
Semi-intensive
Extensive
Upper East
27.1
64.6
8.3
Upper West
7
77.2
8.8
Northern
88.9
11.1
0
Enclosed structures
Confinement
Partial confinement
97.9
22.9
64.6
68.4
5.3
70.2
100
100
0
Feeding
Complete feed only
Scavenging+Supplement
Scavenging only
23
35.4
8.3
24.6
64.9
1.8
100
0
0
Breeding
Uncontrolled mating
Controlled mating
100
0
100
0
0
100
System of production
Housing

35.  MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (PIGS)
 Housing

36. Major diseases and their treatment (%)
Internal parasites
External parasites
2.1
1.8
0
African Swine Fever
2.1
5.3
11.1
2.1
0
0
Veterinary officer
Handling
Upper
West
36.8
Diarrhoea
Disease
Upper
East
72.9
52.1
14
33.3
Comm. Livestock Worker 2.1
8.8
0
Farmer
15.8
66.7
20.8
Northern
100

37. Pigs – sales, market channels and profitability (%)
Sale
No sale
Upper East
66.5
33.5
Upper West Northern
70.1
88.9
29.9
11.1
Middlemen
Pito brewers
Butchers
Public
47.9
4.2
35.6
2.1
35.1
3.5
35.2
7
77.8
0
66.7
0
Profitable
Not profitable
87.5
12.5
73.7
26.3
100
0

38. Constrains – pig production
Upper East
Upper West Northern
Pests and diseases 97.9
89.5
100
Housing materials
97.9
89.5
100
Feed shortage
87.5
82.5
100

39. Improving farm household nutrition

40. Improving farm household nutrition
 Problem – wasting and under weight high among children
 Causes
 Food insecurity
 Mal-nutrition – poverty, food processing, feeding practices
 Solutions
 Improve quality food intake -crop varieties, livestock breeds
 Diversification – production, diets
 Processing – better cooking practices

41. Household nutrition survey
 Provide baseline data
 Study food consumption patterns
 Nutritional status of children and caretakers
 Document food processing and cooking methods
 Mineral profiles of leafy vegetables
 Design appropriate nutritional interventions

42. Stunting in children (0-60 months of age: HAZ score)
Severely
Moderately Marginally
Normal
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
Northern (n=201)
19 (9.5)
63 (31.3)
56 (27.9)
63 (31.3)
Upper West (n=149)
3 (2.0)
19 (12.8)
46 (30.9)
81 (54.4)
Upper East (n=146)
5 (3.4)
23 (15.8)
48 (32.9)
70 (47.9)
Total (N=496)
27 (5.4)
105 (21.2)
150 (30.2)
214 (43.1)
p-value= < 0.0001*

43. Nutritional status of children (0-60 months of age)
Percentage (%)
Malnourished
Nourished
100
80
60
40
20
0
Chayoli
Tibali
Zanko
Goli
Intervention community
Bonia
Sambulgu

44. Stunting in children by sex

45. Household consumption of different food groups
Spices
Sweets
*
Oils
*
Milk
Upper West
Upper East
Northern
Legumes
Fish & Seafoods
Eggs
Meat
*
Fruits
Vegetables
Roots & Tubers
Cereals
0
20
40
60
Households (%)
80
100
120

46. Micro-nutrient concentration–leafy vegetables (mg/kg,
weight weight)
Vegetable species
Iron
Zinc
Amaranthus leaves
54.02±6.34m 5.87±0.88jz
Sorrel leaves
49.42±4.70m 2.62±0.22xy
Bitter leaves
34.94±0.13k 9.58±0.57b
Pumpkin leaves
70.63±1.51p 9.38±1.31b

47. Dissemination – farmers’ field day Upper West

48. Capacity building – experimental design short-course

49. Capacity building – graduate training
University of Ghana
MSc
3
PhD
0
Kwame Nkrumah Univ. of Science & Techn 1
2
University of Development Studies
1
0
Total
5
2

50. Looking ahead………..???????
 Technology development versus socio-economics..????
 Focus on farming systems research
 Integration of activities
 Small-scale mechanization and post-harvest losses….???
 Value addition…???

52. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net