Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Working and Theory

Full Wave Rectifier
Circuit with Working
Theory

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with
Working Theory
Introduction
 Full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which converts alternating
current voltage into pulsating direct current voltage during both
half cycles of applied input voltage. This rectifier acts a heart of
circuitry which allows the sensors to attach to the RCX in either
polarity.

Working Theory
What is Full Wave Rectifier
 A Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage into a
pulsating dc voltage using both half cycles of the applied ac voltage. It
uses two diodes of which one conducts during one half cycle while the
other conducts during the other half cycle of the applied ac voltage.

Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Output
 The average (DC) output voltage is higher than for half wave rectifier.
 The output of the full wave rectifier has much less ripple than that of
the half wave rectifier producing a smoother output waveform.

Working Theory
Classification of Full Wave Rectifier
 The full wave rectifier can be further divided mainly into following types.
1. Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier.
2. Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Working Theory
Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier
 In the center tapped full wave rectifier two diodes were used.
 These are connected to the center tapped secondary winding of the
transformer.
 The positive terminal of two diodes is connected to the two ends of the
transformer.
 Center tap divides the total secondary voltage into equal parts.
 The centre-tap is usually considered as the ground point or the zero
voltage reference point.

Working Theory
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
 Full wave bridge rectifier four diodes are arranged in the form of a
bridge.
 This configuration provides same polarity output with either polarity.
 The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a
special centre tapped transformer.
 The single secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode
bridge network and the load to the other side

Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier
Theory
 In a full wave rectifier circuit we use two diodes, one for each half
of the wave.
 A multiple winding transformer is used whose secondary winding
is split equally into two halves with a common center tapped
connection.
 Configuration results in each diode conducting in turn when its
anode terminal is positive with respect to the transformer center
point C produces an output during both half-cycles.
 Full rectifier advantages are flexible compared to that of half wave
rectifier.

Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Theory

Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit
 The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a
single load resistance (RL).
 Each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load resistor.
 When point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point A, diode
D1 conducts in the forward direction.
 When point B is positive in the negative half of the cycle with respect to C
point.
 The diode D2 conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing
through resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles of the wave.

Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit
 The output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the two
waveforms.
 It is also known as a bi-phase circuit.
 The spaces between each half-wave developed by each diode is now
being filled in by the other.
 The average DC output voltage across the load resistor is now double
that of the single half-wave rectifier circuit.
 VMAX is the maximum peak value in one half of the secondary
winding and VRMS is the rms value.

Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier
 The peak voltage of the output waveform is the same.
 Before the half-wave rectifier provided each half of the transformer
windings have the same rms voltage.
 To obtain a different DC voltage output different transformer ratios can
be used.
 There is a disadvantage of this type of full wave rectifier circuit.
 A larger transformer for a given power output is required with two
separate but identical secondary windings.

Working Theory
 It makes this type of full wave rectifying circuit costly compared to
the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier circuit.

Working Theory
 A circuit that produces the same output waveform as the full wave
rectifier circuit a is that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.
 Single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in
a closed loop bridge configuration to produce the desired output wave.
 The advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special
center tapped transformer.
 It reduces its size and cost. Single secondary winding is connected to
one side of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side.

Working Theory
 The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in series pairs with only
two diodes conducting current during each half cycle duration.
 When the positive half cycle of the supply goes, D1, D2 diodes conduct in
a series.
 Diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the
load.
 During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4 diodes conduct in a series.
 Diodes D1 and D2 switch off as they are now reverse biased configuration.

Working Theory
 Current flowing through the load is unidirectional mode.
 The voltage developed across the load is also unidirectional voltage.
 Same as for the previous two diode full-wave rectifier model.
 During each half cycle the current flows through two diodes instead of just
one diode.
 The amplitude of the output voltage is two voltage drops 1.4V less than the
input VMAX amplitude.
 Ripple frequency is now twice the supply frequency.

Working Theory
Advantages of Full Wave Rectifier
 Ripple frequency is two times the input frequency.
 The output and efficiency of centre tap full wave rectifier are high
because AC supply delivers power during both the halves.
 For the same secondary voltage bridge rectifier has double
output.

Working Theory
Disadvantages of Full wave Rectifier
 It is difficult to locate the centre tap on the secondary winding.
 The DC output is small as each diode utilizes only one half of the
transformer's secondary Voltages.
 The diodes used have high peak inverse voltage.
 Full wave rectifier requires more diodes i.e two for centre tap rectifier and
four for bridge rectifier.
 When a small voltage is required to be rectified this full wave rectifier
circuit is not suitable.

Working Theory
Conclusion
 To design and simulate a Full Wave Rectifier circuit with working theory
and the analysis for the full-bridge rectifier circuit. The full-wave rectifier
allows us to convert almost all the incoming AC power to DC.

Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Working and Theory

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