SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 49
CCNA3-1 Chapter 2-1
Switch Concepts and ConfigurationSwitch Concepts and Configuration
Key Elements ofKey Elements of
Ethernet/802.3 LANsEthernet/802.3 LANs
CCNA3-2 Chapter 2-1
CSMA/CDCSMA/CD
CCNA3-3 Chapter 2-1
Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
CCNA3-4 Chapter 2-1
Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
• Ethernet Frame:Ethernet Frame: Minimum 64 bytes, Maximum 1518 bytesMinimum 64 bytes, Maximum 1518 bytes
• Preamble/SOFD:Preamble/SOFD: Synchronize to medium.Synchronize to medium.
• Destination Address:Destination Address: MAC Address of destination device.MAC Address of destination device.
• Source Address:Source Address: MAC address of source device.MAC address of source device.
• Length/Type:Length/Type: Length of frame or protocol type code.Length of frame or protocol type code.
• Data:Data: Encapsulated data from OSI Layers 7 to 3.Encapsulated data from OSI Layers 7 to 3.
• FCS:FCS: Frame Check Sequence.Frame Check Sequence.
CCNA3-5 Chapter 2-1
Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
• MAC Address:MAC Address: 12 hexadecimal digits12 hexadecimal digits
MAC address merupakan alamat yang unik yang memiliki panjang 48-bit (6MAC address merupakan alamat yang unik yang memiliki panjang 48-bit (6
byte) yang mengidentifikasikan sebuah komputer, interface dalambyte) yang mengidentifikasikan sebuah komputer, interface dalam
sebuah router, atau node lainnya dalam jaringan.sebuah router, atau node lainnya dalam jaringan.
For example, in the MAC addressFor example, in the MAC address 00-14-22-01-23-4500-14-22-01-23-45, the first three octets, the first three octets
areare 00-14-2200-14-22. This is the OUI for Dell. Other common OUIs include. This is the OUI for Dell. Other common OUIs include 00-00-
04-DC04-DC for Nortel,for Nortel, 00-40-9600-40-96 for Cisco, andfor Cisco, and 00-30-BD00-30-BD for Belkin.for Belkin.
• Broadcast:Broadcast: Indicates a broadcast or multicast frame.Indicates a broadcast or multicast frame.
• Local:Local: indicates whether the address can be modified locally.indicates whether the address can be modified locally.
• Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) Number:Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) Number: Manufacturer of theManufacturer of the
NIC.NIC.
CCNA3-6 Chapter 2-1
Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
CCNA3-7 Chapter 2-1
Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
• Switch Port Settings:Switch Port Settings:
• AUTO:AUTO:
• Auto-negotiation of duplex mode. The two portsAuto-negotiation of duplex mode. The two ports
communicate to determine the best mode.communicate to determine the best mode.
• Default for FastEthernet and 10/100/1000 ports.Default for FastEthernet and 10/100/1000 ports.
• FULL:FULL:
• Full-duplex mode.Full-duplex mode.
• Default for 100BASE-FX ports.Default for 100BASE-FX ports.
• HALF:HALF:
• Half-duplex mode.Half-duplex mode.
Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.
CCNA3-8 Chapter 2-1
Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
• Switch Port Settings:Switch Port Settings:
• AUTO:AUTO:
• Auto-negotiation of duplex mode. Dua portAuto-negotiation of duplex mode. Dua port
berkomunikasi untuk menentukan mode yang terbaik.berkomunikasi untuk menentukan mode yang terbaik.
• Koneksi Auto-negotiation hasilnya tidak bisa diprediksi.Koneksi Auto-negotiation hasilnya tidak bisa diprediksi.
• JikaJika auto-negotiation fails,auto-negotiation fails, oleh karena perangkatoleh karena perangkat
yang terpasang tidak mendukung, maka Port Catalystyang terpasang tidak mendukung, maka Port Catalyst
Switch secara default beralih keSwitch secara default beralih ke half-duplex modehalf-duplex mode..
• Half-duplex di port yang satu dan full-duplex di portHalf-duplex di port yang satu dan full-duplex di port
lainnya akan menyebabkan error:lainnya akan menyebabkan error: “late collision”“late collision” padapada
half-duplex port.half-duplex port.
• Untuk menghindari hal ini, secara manual kitaUntuk menghindari hal ini, secara manual kita
mengatur parameter duplex switch sesuai denganmengatur parameter duplex switch sesuai dengan
perangkat yang terpasang .perangkat yang terpasang .
CCNA3-9 Chapter 2-1
Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
• Switch Port Settings:Switch Port Settings:
• Auto-MDIX feature:Auto-MDIX feature:
• Pada switch model lama, kita harus menggunakan cross-Pada switch model lama, kita harus menggunakan cross-
over atau traight-through cable yang disesuaikan denganover atau traight-through cable yang disesuaikan dengan
device yang akan di koneksikan ke switch.device yang akan di koneksikan ke switch.
• Saat ini, jika mdix auto interface configuration command diSaat ini, jika mdix auto interface configuration command di
enables-kan hal diatas tidak diperlukan lagi denganenables-kan hal diatas tidak diperlukan lagi dengan
adanya fituradanya fitur automatic medium-dependent interfaceautomatic medium-dependent interface
crossover (auto-MDIX)crossover (auto-MDIX) pada switch.pada switch.
• Dengan me-enablekan fitur ini, switch akan men-deteksiDengan me-enablekan fitur ini, switch akan men-deteksi
interface yang dibutuhkan copper media dan mengconfigurinterface yang dibutuhkan copper media dan mengconfigur
interface dengan koneksi yang sesuai.interface dengan koneksi yang sesuai.
Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.
CCNA3-10 Chapter 2-1
Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
• Switches menggunakan MAC addresses untuk mengarahkan trafikSwitches menggunakan MAC addresses untuk mengarahkan trafik
network ke port tujuan yang tepat.network ke port tujuan yang tepat.
• Switch membuat MAC address table dari mempelajari MACSwitch membuat MAC address table dari mempelajari MAC
addresses dari setiap device yang terhubung ke port switch.addresses dari setiap device yang terhubung ke port switch.
• Setelah MAC address dimasukkan ke dalam MAC Address Table,Setelah MAC address dimasukkan ke dalam MAC Address Table,
maka switch menggunakan table entry untuk mem-forward traffic kemaka switch menggunakan table entry untuk mem-forward traffic ke
node destination yang memiliki mac address tersebut.node destination yang memiliki mac address tersebut.
• Jika node destination address tidak ada dalam table mac, makaJika node destination address tidak ada dalam table mac, maka
switch akan mem-forwards frame ke semua ports.switch akan mem-forwards frame ke semua ports.
• Ketika destination me-responds, maka MAC address ditambahkanKetika destination me-responds, maka MAC address ditambahkan
ke dalam table mac.ke dalam table mac.
• Jika port dihubungkan ke switch atau hub lainnya, multiple MACJika port dihubungkan ke switch atau hub lainnya, multiple MAC
addresses akan disimpan ke dalam table mac.addresses akan disimpan ke dalam table mac.
CCNA3-11 Chapter 2-1
Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
• Example Step 1:Example Step 1:
• Switch akan menerima broadcast frame dari PC 1Switch akan menerima broadcast frame dari PC 1
melalui Port 1.melalui Port 1.
CCNA3-12 Chapter 2-1
Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
• Example Step 2:Example Step 2:
• Switch akan mencatatSwitch akan mencatat Source MAC Address pengirimSource MAC Address pengirim
FrameFrame dandan Nomor Port Switch penerima FrameNomor Port Switch penerima Frame keke
address table atau dikenal sebagaiaddress table atau dikenal sebagai MAC Addreess TableMAC Addreess Table..
CCNA3-13 Chapter 2-1
• Example Step 3:Example Step 3:
• Karena destination address belum terdapat pada MAC Table makaKarena destination address belum terdapat pada MAC Table maka
switch akan mem-broadcast ke semua port switch, switch akanswitch akan mem-broadcast ke semua port switch, switch akan
mem-mem-floodsfloods frame ke semua ports,frame ke semua ports, kecuali port sumber framekecuali port sumber frame
berasal.berasal.
Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
CCNA3-14 Chapter 2-1
• Example Step 4:Example Step 4:
• Destination device me-replies broadcast frame tadiDestination device me-replies broadcast frame tadi
menggunakanmenggunakan unicast frame addressed ke PC 1 melaluiunicast frame addressed ke PC 1 melalui
switchswitch..
Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
CCNA3-15 Chapter 2-1
• Example Step 5:Example Step 5:
• Switch mencatat source MAC address dari PC 2 danSwitch mencatat source MAC address dari PC 2 dan
Nomor Port dari switch port yang me-received frame keNomor Port dari switch port yang me-received frame ke
dalam MAC Address Table.dalam MAC Address Table.
Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
CCNA3-16 Chapter 2-1
• Example Step 6:Example Step 6:
• Selanjutnya switch akan mem-forward frames diantara sourceSelanjutnya switch akan mem-forward frames diantara source
dan destination devices karena sudah terdapat dalam macdan destination devices karena sudah terdapat dalam mac
address table dan ports nya sudah di identifikasikan.address table dan ports nya sudah di identifikasikan.
Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
CCNA3-17 Chapter 2-1
Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3
• Bandwidth and Throughput - Switch:Bandwidth and Throughput - Switch:
• Major disadvantage/kerugian utamaMajor disadvantage/kerugian utama yang terjadi padayang terjadi pada
Ethernet adalah terjadinyaEthernet adalah terjadinya collisionscollisions..
• Ketika 2 hosts mengirim frames secara bersamaan,Ketika 2 hosts mengirim frames secara bersamaan,
maka collision/tabrakan terjadi yang mengakibatkanmaka collision/tabrakan terjadi yang mengakibatkan
frame yang dikirim akan rusak.frame yang dikirim akan rusak.
• Hosts akan berhenti mengirim karena adanya aturanHosts akan berhenti mengirim karena adanya aturan
Ethernet 802.3 yaitu dengan adanya metodeEthernet 802.3 yaitu dengan adanya metode
CSMA/CDCSMA/CD..
• Perlu diingat, misalnya: jika Ethernet network memilikiPerlu diingat, misalnya: jika Ethernet network memiliki
bandwidth10 Mb/s, maka full bandwidth untukbandwidth10 Mb/s, maka full bandwidth untuk
transmission akan tersedia jikatransmission akan tersedia jika collisions yang terjadi bisacollisions yang terjadi bisa
diperbaiki.diperbaiki.
CCNA3-18 Chapter 2-1
Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3
• Bandwidth and Throughput - Hub:Bandwidth and Throughput - Hub:
• Hub tidak memiliki mekanismeHub tidak memiliki mekanisme untukuntuk menghilangkanmenghilangkan
atau mengurangi collisionsatau mengurangi collisions sehingga hal ini akansehingga hal ini akan
mengakibatkan berkurangnya bandwidth yangmengakibatkan berkurangnya bandwidth yang
tersedia.tersedia.
• Karena pada Hub menggunakan Ethernet networkKarena pada Hub menggunakan Ethernet network
secara bersamaan maka akan mempengaruhisecara bersamaan maka akan mempengaruhi
throughputthroughput dari network.dari network.
CCNA3-19 Chapter 2-1
• Ada 2 pertimbangan utama ketika kita merancang sebuahAda 2 pertimbangan utama ketika kita merancang sebuah
LAN :LAN :
• Controlling Network LatencyControlling Network Latency
• Removing bottlenecks (menghilangkan antrian)Removing bottlenecks (menghilangkan antrian)
• Network Latency:Network Latency:
• Latency adalah waktu untuk frame atau packet sampaiLatency adalah waktu untuk frame atau packet sampai
dikirim dari source ke destinations.dikirim dari source ke destinations.
• Bottlenecks:Bottlenecks:
• Bottlenecks adalah antrian pengiriman data yang terjadiBottlenecks adalah antrian pengiriman data yang terjadi
akibat dari padatnya traffic penggunaan network.akibat dari padatnya traffic penggunaan network.
LAN Design ConsiderationsLAN Design Considerations
CCNA3-20 Chapter 2-1
Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3
• Network Congestion/Kemacetan Network:Network Congestion/Kemacetan Network:
• Alasan utama melakukanAlasan utama melakukan segmentasi LANsegmentasi LAN ke bagianke bagian
yang lebih kecil adalah untuk meng-isolasi traffic danyang lebih kecil adalah untuk meng-isolasi traffic dan
untuk mendapatkan bandwidth per-user terbaik.untuk mendapatkan bandwidth per-user terbaik.
• Tanpa segmentasi, LAN dapat dengan cepat mengalamiTanpa segmentasi, LAN dapat dengan cepat mengalami
kemacetan dan collision.kemacetan dan collision.
• Hal ini pada umumnya terjadi karena:Hal ini pada umumnya terjadi karena:
• Adanya penambahan jumlah computer dan networkAdanya penambahan jumlah computer dan network
technologies.technologies.
• Adanya penambahan jumlah traffik dalam network.Adanya penambahan jumlah traffik dalam network.
• Penerapan aplikasi yang memerlukan bandwidth yangPenerapan aplikasi yang memerlukan bandwidth yang
tinggi.tinggi.
CCNA3-21 Chapter 2-1
• Layer 2 Switching:Layer 2 Switching:
• Melakukan switching dan filtering hanya padaMelakukan switching dan filtering hanya pada Data LinkData Link
layer dari OSI Layer /layer dari OSI Layer / (Layer 2) MAC address.(Layer 2) MAC address.
• Semuanya transparan untuk network protocols dan userSemuanya transparan untuk network protocols dan user
applications.applications.
• Layer 2 switch membangun MAC address table untukLayer 2 switch membangun MAC address table untuk
membuat keputusan melakukan forwarding.membuat keputusan melakukan forwarding.
Layer 2 and Layer 3 SwitchingLayer 2 and Layer 3 Switching
Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst
2960 Series2960 Series
Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst
2960 Series2960 Series
CCNA3-22 Chapter 2-1
• Layer 3 Switching:Layer 3 Switching:
• Fungsinya hampir sama dengan Layer 2 switch tetapi tidakFungsinya hampir sama dengan Layer 2 switch tetapi tidak
hanya menggunakan Layer 2 MAC address,hanya menggunakan Layer 2 MAC address, Layer 3 switchLayer 3 switch
dapat juga menggunakan IP address information dalamdapat juga menggunakan IP address information dalam
melakukan switching.melakukan switching.
• Layer 3 switch dapat juga mempelajari IP addresses yangLayer 3 switch dapat juga mempelajari IP addresses yang
terdapat pada interfaces-nya.terdapat pada interfaces-nya.
• Hal ini memungkinkan Layer 3 switch untuk mengarahkan laluHal ini memungkinkan Layer 3 switch untuk mengarahkan lalu
lintas di seluruh network berdasarkan informasi IP Address.lintas di seluruh network berdasarkan informasi IP Address.
Layer 2 and Layer 3 SwitchingLayer 2 and Layer 3 Switching
Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst
3560 Series3560 Series
Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst
3560 Series3560 Series
CCNA3-23 Chapter 2-1
Switch Concepts and ConfigurationSwitch Concepts and Configuration
Switch Management ConfigurationSwitch Management Configuration
CCNA3-24 Chapter 2-1
• CLI itself is basically the same as a router:CLI itself is basically the same as a router:
• Access modes with a password.Access modes with a password.
• Help Facility and Command HistoryHelp Facility and Command History
• Configure console and telnet access.Configure console and telnet access.
• Commands to configure options for each interface.Commands to configure options for each interface.
• Commands to verify the status of the switch.Commands to verify the status of the switch.
• The difference is the functions to be configured:The difference is the functions to be configured:
• Commands to create and control VLANs (Chapter 3)Commands to create and control VLANs (Chapter 3)
• Configure a default gateway.Configure a default gateway.
• Manage the MAC Address table.Manage the MAC Address table.
• Switch security.Switch security.
Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
CCNA3-25 Chapter 2-1
• Access Levels:Access Levels:
• User EXEC.User EXEC.
• Privileged EXEC.Privileged EXEC.
Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
CCNA3-26 Chapter 2-1
• Configuration Modes:Configuration Modes:
• Global Configuration Mode.Global Configuration Mode.
• Interface Configuration Mode (and more….)Interface Configuration Mode (and more….)
Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
CCNA3-27 Chapter 2-1
• GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:
• Cisco Network Assistant.Cisco Network Assistant.
• Configure and manage groups of switches orConfigure and manage groups of switches or
standalone switches.standalone switches.
• Free fromFree from www.cisco.comwww.cisco.com with a Cisco ID andwith a Cisco ID and
Password.Password.
Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
CCNA3-28 Chapter 2-1
• GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:
• Cisco View.
• Menampilkan tampilan fisik dari switch yang dapat Anda
gunakan untuk mengatur parameter konfigurasi.
• Melihat status switch dan performance information.
• Purchased separately.
• Can be a standalone application or part of a Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) platform.
Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
CCNA3-29 Chapter 2-1
• GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:
• Cisco Device Manager.Cisco Device Manager.
• Web-based software that is stored in the switchWeb-based software that is stored in the switch
memory.memory.
• Configure and manage switches.Configure and manage switches.
• Access from anywhere in your network through a webAccess from anywhere in your network through a web
browser.browser.
Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
CCNA3-30 Chapter 2-1
• GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:
• SNMP Network Management.SNMP Network Management.
• You can manage switches from a SNMP-compatibleYou can manage switches from a SNMP-compatible
management station, such as HP OpenView.management station, such as HP OpenView.
• The switch is able to provide comprehensiveThe switch is able to provide comprehensive
management information.management information.
• SNMP network management is more common in largeSNMP network management is more common in large
enterprise networks.enterprise networks.
Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
CCNA3-31 Chapter 2-1
• Word / Command line syntax Help:Word / Command line syntax Help:
Using the Help FacilityUsing the Help Facility
CCNA3-32 Chapter 2-1
• Console Error Messages:Console Error Messages:
Using the Help FacilityUsing the Help Facility
CCNA3-33 Chapter 2-1
• Switch loads the Boot Loader program.
• Small program stored in NVRAM.
• CPU Initialization.
• POST (Check Router Conditions and Configurasi
Register).
• Initializes flash memory.
• Loads a default OS image into memory and boots the
switch.
• The OS then initializes the interfaces using the Cisco IOS
commands found in the operating system configuration
file config.text, stored in the switch flash memory.
Switch Boot SequenceSwitch Boot Sequence
CCNA3-34 Chapter 2-1
• A PC connected to the console port.A PC connected to the console port.
• A terminal emulator applicationA terminal emulator application (e.g.. HyperTerminal) is(e.g.. HyperTerminal) is
running and configured correctly.running and configured correctly.
• Attach the power cord to the switch.Attach the power cord to the switch.
• Some Catalyst switches, including the 2950 and 2960Some Catalyst switches, including the 2950 and 2960
series switchesseries switches do not have a power buttondo not have a power button..
Prepare to Configure the SwitchPrepare to Configure the Switch
CCNA3-35 Chapter 2-1
• Key Configuration Sequences:Key Configuration Sequences:
• Switch Management Interface:Switch Management Interface:
• To manage a switch remotely using TCP/IP, you needTo manage a switch remotely using TCP/IP, you need
to assign the switch an IP address.to assign the switch an IP address.
• An access layer switch is much like a PC in that youAn access layer switch is much like a PC in that you
need to configure anneed to configure an IP address, a subnet mask, andIP address, a subnet mask, and
a default gatewaya default gateway..
• Duplex and Speed of active interfaces:Duplex and Speed of active interfaces:
• Usually the default but can be modified.Usually the default but can be modified.
• Support for HTTP access.Support for HTTP access.
• We will restrict ourselves to the CLI.We will restrict ourselves to the CLI.
• MAC address table management.MAC address table management.
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-36 Chapter 2-1
• Switch Management Interface:Switch Management Interface:
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-37 Chapter 2-1
• Switch Management Interface:Switch Management Interface:
• Note that a Layer 2 switch, such as the Cisco CatalystNote that a Layer 2 switch, such as the Cisco Catalyst
2960, only permits a2960, only permits a single VLAN interface to be active atsingle VLAN interface to be active at
a timea time..
• This means that the Layer 3 interfaceThis means that the Layer 3 interface (interface VLAN 99)(interface VLAN 99)
isis activeactive, but the Layer 3 interface, but the Layer 3 interface (interface VLAN 1)(interface VLAN 1) isis
not activenot active..
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-38 Chapter 2-1
• Configure Default Gateway:
• Anda perlu mengkonfigurasi switch sehingga dapat
meneruskan paket IP ke jaringan remote .
• Pada configurasi ini, switch layaknya seperti sebuah host.
• Hanya digunakan untuk mem-forward switch
management traffic.
• Ini tidak ada hubungannya dengan traffic data dari user.
• Why does it have to be forwarded?
• You can make a Telnet or SSH connection to a switch
from another subnet to perform maintenance or
troubleshoot.
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-39 Chapter 2-1
• Verify Configuration:Verify Configuration:
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-40 Chapter 2-1
• Configure Duplex and Speed:Configure Duplex and Speed:
• You can use the duplex interface configuration commandYou can use the duplex interface configuration command
to specify the duplex mode of operation for switch ports.to specify the duplex mode of operation for switch ports.
• You canYou can manually setmanually set the duplex mode and speed ofthe duplex mode and speed of
switch ports toswitch ports to avoid inter-vendor issuesavoid inter-vendor issues withwith
autonegotiation.autonegotiation.
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-41 Chapter 2-1
• Configure HTTP Access:Configure HTTP Access:
• Modern Cisco switches have a number of web-basedModern Cisco switches have a number of web-based
configuration tools that require that the switch isconfiguration tools that require that the switch is
configured as an HTTP server.configured as an HTTP server.
• These applications include:These applications include:
• Cisco web browser user interface.Cisco web browser user interface.
• Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM).Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM).
• IP Phone and Cisco IOS Telephony ServiceIP Phone and Cisco IOS Telephony Service
applications.applications.
• Be aware that these servicesBe aware that these services are not necessarilyare not necessarily
activatedactivated in a configuration. The availability of this optionin a configuration. The availability of this option
does not meandoes not mean that you do not need to know how to usethat you do not need to know how to use
the CLI commands.the CLI commands.
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-42 Chapter 2-1
• MAC Address Table Management:MAC Address Table Management:
• Switches use MAC address tables to determine how toSwitches use MAC address tables to determine how to
forward traffic between ports.forward traffic between ports.
• These MAC tables includeThese MAC tables include dynamic and staticdynamic and static addresses.addresses.
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-43 Chapter 2-1
• Static MAC Addresses:
• Network administrator dapat membuat static MAC addresses pada
ports switch.
• The switch always knows which port to send out traffic destined for
that specific MAC address.
• Untuk meng-create static mapping dalam MAC address table,
menggunakan command:
mac-address-table static <MAC address> vlan {1-4096,
ALL} interface interface-id
SW1(config)#mac-address-table static 0090.2B35.6C00 vlan
99 interface fastEthernet 0/20
• Untuk me-remove nya, menggunakan command :
‘no’ mac-address-table static <MAC address> vlan
{1-4096, ALL} interface interface-id.
SW1(config)#no mac-address-table static 0090.2B35.6C00
vlan 99 interface fastEthernet 0/20
Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
CCNA3-44 Chapter 2-1
• Using theUsing the showshow commands:commands:
Verifying Switch ConfigurationVerifying Switch Configuration
CCNA3-45 Chapter 2-1
• Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:
• Backup to the flash drive.Backup to the flash drive.
Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
CCNA3-46 Chapter 2-1
• Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:
• Restore from the flash drive.Restore from the flash drive.
Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
CCNA3-47 Chapter 2-1
• Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:
• Backup to a TFTP server.Backup to a TFTP server.
• Make sure that the TFTP server is running.Make sure that the TFTP server is running.
• Login to the switch.Login to the switch.
• Upload the configuration to the TFTP server.Upload the configuration to the TFTP server.
SW1#copy running-config tftp:SW1#copy running-config tftp:
Address or name of remote host []?Address or name of remote host []? 172.17.50.254172.17.50.254
Destination filename [SW1-confg]?Destination filename [SW1-confg]? SW1-backupSW1-backup
Writing running-config....!!Writing running-config....!!
[OK - 1161 bytes][OK - 1161 bytes]
1161 bytes copied in 3.02 secs (0 bytes/sec)1161 bytes copied in 3.02 secs (0 bytes/sec)
Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
CCNA3-48 Chapter 2-1
• Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:
• Restore from a TFTP server.Restore from a TFTP server.
• Make sure that the TFTP server is running.Make sure that the TFTP server is running.
• Login to the switch.Login to the switch.
• download the configuration to the TFTP server.download the configuration to the TFTP server.
SW1#copy tftp: running-configSW1#copy tftp: running-config
Address or name of remote host []?Address or name of remote host []? 172.17.50.254172.17.50.254
Address or name of remote host []?Address or name of remote host []? SW1-backupSW1-backup
Destination filename [running-config]?Destination filename [running-config]?
Accessing tftp://172.17.50.254/SW1-backup...Accessing tftp://172.17.50.254/SW1-backup...
Loading SW1-backup from 172.17.50.254: !Loading SW1-backup from 172.17.50.254: !
[OK - 1161 bytes][OK - 1161 bytes]
1161 bytes copied in 0.01 secs (116100 bytes/sec)1161 bytes copied in 0.01 secs (116100 bytes/sec)
Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
CCNA3-49 Chapter 2-1
• Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:
• Clearing configuration files.Clearing configuration files.
• Deleting files from the flash drive.Deleting files from the flash drive.
• deletedelete flash:filenameflash:filename
Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010
Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010
Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010
irbas
 
CCNA Routing Protocols
CCNA Routing ProtocolsCCNA Routing Protocols
CCNA Routing Protocols
Dsunte Wilson
 
CCNA Advanced Switching
CCNA Advanced SwitchingCCNA Advanced Switching
CCNA Advanced Switching
Dsunte Wilson
 
CCNA Router and IOS Basics
CCNA Router and IOS BasicsCCNA Router and IOS Basics
CCNA Router and IOS Basics
Dsunte Wilson
 
Ccna 2 rse practice skills assessment
Ccna 2 rse practice skills assessmentCcna 2 rse practice skills assessment
Ccna 2 rse practice skills assessment
friv4schoolgames
 
Ccna new lab_manual_by_esp_team
Ccna new lab_manual_by_esp_teamCcna new lab_manual_by_esp_team
Ccna new lab_manual_by_esp_team
Raja Mazhar
 
Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1
Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1
Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1
jcbp_peru
 
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch ConfigurationCCNA Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
Dsunte Wilson
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

CCNA- part 10 wan link-isdn
CCNA- part 10 wan link-isdnCCNA- part 10 wan link-isdn
CCNA- part 10 wan link-isdn
 
STP (spanning tree protocol)
STP (spanning tree protocol)STP (spanning tree protocol)
STP (spanning tree protocol)
 
Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010
Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010
Ccna 3 v 4.0 final-exam-17-07-2010
 
Packet Tracer: WAN, point to point links.
Packet Tracer: WAN, point to point links.Packet Tracer: WAN, point to point links.
Packet Tracer: WAN, point to point links.
 
Chapter8ccna
Chapter8ccnaChapter8ccna
Chapter8ccna
 
CCNA Routing Protocols
CCNA Routing ProtocolsCCNA Routing Protocols
CCNA Routing Protocols
 
CCNA Advanced Switching
CCNA Advanced SwitchingCCNA Advanced Switching
CCNA Advanced Switching
 
Layer 2 & layer 3 switching
Layer 2 & layer 3 switchingLayer 2 & layer 3 switching
Layer 2 & layer 3 switching
 
Switching Types
Switching TypesSwitching Types
Switching Types
 
Ccna 4 Final 4 Version 4.0 Answers
Ccna 4 Final 4 Version 4.0 AnswersCcna 4 Final 4 Version 4.0 Answers
Ccna 4 Final 4 Version 4.0 Answers
 
CCNA - Switching Concepts made easy
CCNA - Switching Concepts made easyCCNA - Switching Concepts made easy
CCNA - Switching Concepts made easy
 
Ccna3 mod9-vtp
Ccna3 mod9-vtpCcna3 mod9-vtp
Ccna3 mod9-vtp
 
CCNA Router and IOS Basics
CCNA Router and IOS BasicsCCNA Router and IOS Basics
CCNA Router and IOS Basics
 
Ccna 2 rse practice skills assessment
Ccna 2 rse practice skills assessmentCcna 2 rse practice skills assessment
Ccna 2 rse practice skills assessment
 
3 2
3 23 2
3 2
 
Chapter6ccna
Chapter6ccnaChapter6ccna
Chapter6ccna
 
Chapter 08
Chapter 08Chapter 08
Chapter 08
 
Ccna new lab_manual_by_esp_team
Ccna new lab_manual_by_esp_teamCcna new lab_manual_by_esp_team
Ccna new lab_manual_by_esp_team
 
Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1
Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1
Odl010024 qin q laboratory exercise guide issue1
 
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch ConfigurationCCNA Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
 

Destacado

لامخل
لامخللامخل
لامخل
malsabey
 
How do you envision the city of the
How do you envision the city of theHow do you envision the city of the
How do you envision the city of the
monicabenito
 
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2
Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2
Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2
aghacrom
 
Do you think that the lifestyle of the
Do you think that the lifestyle of theDo you think that the lifestyle of the
Do you think that the lifestyle of the
monicabenito
 

Destacado (7)

لامخل
لامخللامخل
لامخل
 
Ntic
NticNtic
Ntic
 
How do you envision the city of the
How do you envision the city of theHow do you envision the city of the
How do you envision the city of the
 
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_i-rev2.
 
Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2
Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2
Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_2
 
Do you think that the lifestyle of the
Do you think that the lifestyle of theDo you think that the lifestyle of the
Do you think that the lifestyle of the
 
Cap2 configuring switch
Cap2   configuring switchCap2   configuring switch
Cap2 configuring switch
 

Similar a Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_1

Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutionsSwitching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Mike McLain
 
Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelessCh2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
kratos2424
 
20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations
20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations
20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations
Dipak Misra
 
Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011
Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011
Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011
Dân Chơi
 
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelessFinal exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
kratos2424
 

Similar a Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_1 (20)

CCNA PPT
CCNA PPTCCNA PPT
CCNA PPT
 
Ccna day4-140715152437-phpapp01
Ccna day4-140715152437-phpapp01Ccna day4-140715152437-phpapp01
Ccna day4-140715152437-phpapp01
 
Ccna day4
Ccna day4Ccna day4
Ccna day4
 
Ccna day4
Ccna day4Ccna day4
Ccna day4
 
Ccna day4
Ccna day4Ccna day4
Ccna day4
 
Networks-part17-Bridges-RP1.pptjwhwhsjshh
Networks-part17-Bridges-RP1.pptjwhwhsjshhNetworks-part17-Bridges-RP1.pptjwhwhsjshh
Networks-part17-Bridges-RP1.pptjwhwhsjshh
 
Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutionsSwitching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
Switching vla ns_secugenius_harksh_mikemclain_secugenius security solutions
 
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and ConfigurationLAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
 
Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelessCh2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Ch2 ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
 
20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations
20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations
20088 1 ccna3 3.1-06 switch configurations
 
C C N A Day4
C C N A  Day4C C N A  Day4
C C N A Day4
 
Switched networks (LAN Switching – Switches)
Switched networks (LAN Switching – Switches)Switched networks (LAN Switching – Switches)
Switched networks (LAN Switching – Switches)
 
ccna-day4-switching_1234567890123456.pdf
ccna-day4-switching_1234567890123456.pdfccna-day4-switching_1234567890123456.pdf
ccna-day4-switching_1234567890123456.pdf
 
CN Unit 2 PPT.pptx
CN Unit 2 PPT.pptxCN Unit 2 PPT.pptx
CN Unit 2 PPT.pptx
 
Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011
Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011
Ccna 3 chapter 2 v4.0 answers 2011
 
Chap.1 ethernet introduction
Chap.1 ethernet introductionChap.1 ethernet introduction
Chap.1 ethernet introduction
 
27 Switching.pptx
27 Switching.pptx27 Switching.pptx
27 Switching.pptx
 
6.switching vla ns
6.switching vla ns6.switching vla ns
6.switching vla ns
 
CCNA 1 Chapter 5 v5.0 2014
CCNA 1 Chapter 5 v5.0 2014CCNA 1 Chapter 5 v5.0 2014
CCNA 1 Chapter 5 v5.0 2014
 
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wirelessFinal exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
Final exam ccna exploration 3 lan switching and wireless
 

Más de aghacrom

Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_06_inter_vlan
Expl sw chapter_06_inter_vlanExpl sw chapter_06_inter_vlan
Expl sw chapter_06_inter_vlan
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_04_vtp-full
Expl sw chapter_04_vtp-fullExpl sw chapter_04_vtp-full
Expl sw chapter_04_vtp-full
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_ii
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_iiExpl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_ii
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_ii
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_i
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_iExpl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_i
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_i
aghacrom
 
Expl sw chapter_01_lan_design - class
Expl sw chapter_01_lan_design - classExpl sw chapter_01_lan_design - class
Expl sw chapter_01_lan_design - class
aghacrom
 

Más de aghacrom (9)

Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
 
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01
 
Expl sw chapter_06_inter_vlan
Expl sw chapter_06_inter_vlanExpl sw chapter_06_inter_vlan
Expl sw chapter_06_inter_vlan
 
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
Expl sw chapter_07_wireless rev.01(additional)
 
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.
Expl sw chapter_05_stp_part_ii-rev2.
 
Expl sw chapter_04_vtp-full
Expl sw chapter_04_vtp-fullExpl sw chapter_04_vtp-full
Expl sw chapter_04_vtp-full
 
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_ii
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_iiExpl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_ii
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_ii
 
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_i
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_iExpl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_i
Expl sw chapter_03_vla_ns_part_i
 
Expl sw chapter_01_lan_design - class
Expl sw chapter_01_lan_design - classExpl sw chapter_01_lan_design - class
Expl sw chapter_01_lan_design - class
 

Expl sw chapter_02_switches_part_1

  • 1. CCNA3-1 Chapter 2-1 Switch Concepts and ConfigurationSwitch Concepts and Configuration Key Elements ofKey Elements of Ethernet/802.3 LANsEthernet/802.3 LANs
  • 3. CCNA3-3 Chapter 2-1 Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
  • 4. CCNA3-4 Chapter 2-1 Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications • Ethernet Frame:Ethernet Frame: Minimum 64 bytes, Maximum 1518 bytesMinimum 64 bytes, Maximum 1518 bytes • Preamble/SOFD:Preamble/SOFD: Synchronize to medium.Synchronize to medium. • Destination Address:Destination Address: MAC Address of destination device.MAC Address of destination device. • Source Address:Source Address: MAC address of source device.MAC address of source device. • Length/Type:Length/Type: Length of frame or protocol type code.Length of frame or protocol type code. • Data:Data: Encapsulated data from OSI Layers 7 to 3.Encapsulated data from OSI Layers 7 to 3. • FCS:FCS: Frame Check Sequence.Frame Check Sequence.
  • 5. CCNA3-5 Chapter 2-1 Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications • MAC Address:MAC Address: 12 hexadecimal digits12 hexadecimal digits MAC address merupakan alamat yang unik yang memiliki panjang 48-bit (6MAC address merupakan alamat yang unik yang memiliki panjang 48-bit (6 byte) yang mengidentifikasikan sebuah komputer, interface dalambyte) yang mengidentifikasikan sebuah komputer, interface dalam sebuah router, atau node lainnya dalam jaringan.sebuah router, atau node lainnya dalam jaringan. For example, in the MAC addressFor example, in the MAC address 00-14-22-01-23-4500-14-22-01-23-45, the first three octets, the first three octets areare 00-14-2200-14-22. This is the OUI for Dell. Other common OUIs include. This is the OUI for Dell. Other common OUIs include 00-00- 04-DC04-DC for Nortel,for Nortel, 00-40-9600-40-96 for Cisco, andfor Cisco, and 00-30-BD00-30-BD for Belkin.for Belkin. • Broadcast:Broadcast: Indicates a broadcast or multicast frame.Indicates a broadcast or multicast frame. • Local:Local: indicates whether the address can be modified locally.indicates whether the address can be modified locally. • Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) Number:Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) Number: Manufacturer of theManufacturer of the NIC.NIC.
  • 6. CCNA3-6 Chapter 2-1 Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications
  • 7. CCNA3-7 Chapter 2-1 Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications • Switch Port Settings:Switch Port Settings: • AUTO:AUTO: • Auto-negotiation of duplex mode. The two portsAuto-negotiation of duplex mode. The two ports communicate to determine the best mode.communicate to determine the best mode. • Default for FastEthernet and 10/100/1000 ports.Default for FastEthernet and 10/100/1000 ports. • FULL:FULL: • Full-duplex mode.Full-duplex mode. • Default for 100BASE-FX ports.Default for 100BASE-FX ports. • HALF:HALF: • Half-duplex mode.Half-duplex mode. Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.
  • 8. CCNA3-8 Chapter 2-1 Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications • Switch Port Settings:Switch Port Settings: • AUTO:AUTO: • Auto-negotiation of duplex mode. Dua portAuto-negotiation of duplex mode. Dua port berkomunikasi untuk menentukan mode yang terbaik.berkomunikasi untuk menentukan mode yang terbaik. • Koneksi Auto-negotiation hasilnya tidak bisa diprediksi.Koneksi Auto-negotiation hasilnya tidak bisa diprediksi. • JikaJika auto-negotiation fails,auto-negotiation fails, oleh karena perangkatoleh karena perangkat yang terpasang tidak mendukung, maka Port Catalystyang terpasang tidak mendukung, maka Port Catalyst Switch secara default beralih keSwitch secara default beralih ke half-duplex modehalf-duplex mode.. • Half-duplex di port yang satu dan full-duplex di portHalf-duplex di port yang satu dan full-duplex di port lainnya akan menyebabkan error:lainnya akan menyebabkan error: “late collision”“late collision” padapada half-duplex port.half-duplex port. • Untuk menghindari hal ini, secara manual kitaUntuk menghindari hal ini, secara manual kita mengatur parameter duplex switch sesuai denganmengatur parameter duplex switch sesuai dengan perangkat yang terpasang .perangkat yang terpasang .
  • 9. CCNA3-9 Chapter 2-1 Ethernet CommunicationsEthernet Communications • Switch Port Settings:Switch Port Settings: • Auto-MDIX feature:Auto-MDIX feature: • Pada switch model lama, kita harus menggunakan cross-Pada switch model lama, kita harus menggunakan cross- over atau traight-through cable yang disesuaikan denganover atau traight-through cable yang disesuaikan dengan device yang akan di koneksikan ke switch.device yang akan di koneksikan ke switch. • Saat ini, jika mdix auto interface configuration command diSaat ini, jika mdix auto interface configuration command di enables-kan hal diatas tidak diperlukan lagi denganenables-kan hal diatas tidak diperlukan lagi dengan adanya fituradanya fitur automatic medium-dependent interfaceautomatic medium-dependent interface crossover (auto-MDIX)crossover (auto-MDIX) pada switch.pada switch. • Dengan me-enablekan fitur ini, switch akan men-deteksiDengan me-enablekan fitur ini, switch akan men-deteksi interface yang dibutuhkan copper media dan mengconfigurinterface yang dibutuhkan copper media dan mengconfigur interface dengan koneksi yang sesuai.interface dengan koneksi yang sesuai. Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.Configuration commands later in the chapter.
  • 10. CCNA3-10 Chapter 2-1 Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table • Switches menggunakan MAC addresses untuk mengarahkan trafikSwitches menggunakan MAC addresses untuk mengarahkan trafik network ke port tujuan yang tepat.network ke port tujuan yang tepat. • Switch membuat MAC address table dari mempelajari MACSwitch membuat MAC address table dari mempelajari MAC addresses dari setiap device yang terhubung ke port switch.addresses dari setiap device yang terhubung ke port switch. • Setelah MAC address dimasukkan ke dalam MAC Address Table,Setelah MAC address dimasukkan ke dalam MAC Address Table, maka switch menggunakan table entry untuk mem-forward traffic kemaka switch menggunakan table entry untuk mem-forward traffic ke node destination yang memiliki mac address tersebut.node destination yang memiliki mac address tersebut. • Jika node destination address tidak ada dalam table mac, makaJika node destination address tidak ada dalam table mac, maka switch akan mem-forwards frame ke semua ports.switch akan mem-forwards frame ke semua ports. • Ketika destination me-responds, maka MAC address ditambahkanKetika destination me-responds, maka MAC address ditambahkan ke dalam table mac.ke dalam table mac. • Jika port dihubungkan ke switch atau hub lainnya, multiple MACJika port dihubungkan ke switch atau hub lainnya, multiple MAC addresses akan disimpan ke dalam table mac.addresses akan disimpan ke dalam table mac.
  • 11. CCNA3-11 Chapter 2-1 Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table • Example Step 1:Example Step 1: • Switch akan menerima broadcast frame dari PC 1Switch akan menerima broadcast frame dari PC 1 melalui Port 1.melalui Port 1.
  • 12. CCNA3-12 Chapter 2-1 Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table • Example Step 2:Example Step 2: • Switch akan mencatatSwitch akan mencatat Source MAC Address pengirimSource MAC Address pengirim FrameFrame dandan Nomor Port Switch penerima FrameNomor Port Switch penerima Frame keke address table atau dikenal sebagaiaddress table atau dikenal sebagai MAC Addreess TableMAC Addreess Table..
  • 13. CCNA3-13 Chapter 2-1 • Example Step 3:Example Step 3: • Karena destination address belum terdapat pada MAC Table makaKarena destination address belum terdapat pada MAC Table maka switch akan mem-broadcast ke semua port switch, switch akanswitch akan mem-broadcast ke semua port switch, switch akan mem-mem-floodsfloods frame ke semua ports,frame ke semua ports, kecuali port sumber framekecuali port sumber frame berasal.berasal. Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
  • 14. CCNA3-14 Chapter 2-1 • Example Step 4:Example Step 4: • Destination device me-replies broadcast frame tadiDestination device me-replies broadcast frame tadi menggunakanmenggunakan unicast frame addressed ke PC 1 melaluiunicast frame addressed ke PC 1 melalui switchswitch.. Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
  • 15. CCNA3-15 Chapter 2-1 • Example Step 5:Example Step 5: • Switch mencatat source MAC address dari PC 2 danSwitch mencatat source MAC address dari PC 2 dan Nomor Port dari switch port yang me-received frame keNomor Port dari switch port yang me-received frame ke dalam MAC Address Table.dalam MAC Address Table. Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
  • 16. CCNA3-16 Chapter 2-1 • Example Step 6:Example Step 6: • Selanjutnya switch akan mem-forward frames diantara sourceSelanjutnya switch akan mem-forward frames diantara source dan destination devices karena sudah terdapat dalam macdan destination devices karena sudah terdapat dalam mac address table dan ports nya sudah di identifikasikan.address table dan ports nya sudah di identifikasikan. Switch MAC Address TableSwitch MAC Address Table
  • 17. CCNA3-17 Chapter 2-1 Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3 • Bandwidth and Throughput - Switch:Bandwidth and Throughput - Switch: • Major disadvantage/kerugian utamaMajor disadvantage/kerugian utama yang terjadi padayang terjadi pada Ethernet adalah terjadinyaEthernet adalah terjadinya collisionscollisions.. • Ketika 2 hosts mengirim frames secara bersamaan,Ketika 2 hosts mengirim frames secara bersamaan, maka collision/tabrakan terjadi yang mengakibatkanmaka collision/tabrakan terjadi yang mengakibatkan frame yang dikirim akan rusak.frame yang dikirim akan rusak. • Hosts akan berhenti mengirim karena adanya aturanHosts akan berhenti mengirim karena adanya aturan Ethernet 802.3 yaitu dengan adanya metodeEthernet 802.3 yaitu dengan adanya metode CSMA/CDCSMA/CD.. • Perlu diingat, misalnya: jika Ethernet network memilikiPerlu diingat, misalnya: jika Ethernet network memiliki bandwidth10 Mb/s, maka full bandwidth untukbandwidth10 Mb/s, maka full bandwidth untuk transmission akan tersedia jikatransmission akan tersedia jika collisions yang terjadi bisacollisions yang terjadi bisa diperbaiki.diperbaiki.
  • 18. CCNA3-18 Chapter 2-1 Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3 • Bandwidth and Throughput - Hub:Bandwidth and Throughput - Hub: • Hub tidak memiliki mekanismeHub tidak memiliki mekanisme untukuntuk menghilangkanmenghilangkan atau mengurangi collisionsatau mengurangi collisions sehingga hal ini akansehingga hal ini akan mengakibatkan berkurangnya bandwidth yangmengakibatkan berkurangnya bandwidth yang tersedia.tersedia. • Karena pada Hub menggunakan Ethernet networkKarena pada Hub menggunakan Ethernet network secara bersamaan maka akan mempengaruhisecara bersamaan maka akan mempengaruhi throughputthroughput dari network.dari network.
  • 19. CCNA3-19 Chapter 2-1 • Ada 2 pertimbangan utama ketika kita merancang sebuahAda 2 pertimbangan utama ketika kita merancang sebuah LAN :LAN : • Controlling Network LatencyControlling Network Latency • Removing bottlenecks (menghilangkan antrian)Removing bottlenecks (menghilangkan antrian) • Network Latency:Network Latency: • Latency adalah waktu untuk frame atau packet sampaiLatency adalah waktu untuk frame atau packet sampai dikirim dari source ke destinations.dikirim dari source ke destinations. • Bottlenecks:Bottlenecks: • Bottlenecks adalah antrian pengiriman data yang terjadiBottlenecks adalah antrian pengiriman data yang terjadi akibat dari padatnya traffic penggunaan network.akibat dari padatnya traffic penggunaan network. LAN Design ConsiderationsLAN Design Considerations
  • 20. CCNA3-20 Chapter 2-1 Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3Design Considerations – Ethernet/802.3 • Network Congestion/Kemacetan Network:Network Congestion/Kemacetan Network: • Alasan utama melakukanAlasan utama melakukan segmentasi LANsegmentasi LAN ke bagianke bagian yang lebih kecil adalah untuk meng-isolasi traffic danyang lebih kecil adalah untuk meng-isolasi traffic dan untuk mendapatkan bandwidth per-user terbaik.untuk mendapatkan bandwidth per-user terbaik. • Tanpa segmentasi, LAN dapat dengan cepat mengalamiTanpa segmentasi, LAN dapat dengan cepat mengalami kemacetan dan collision.kemacetan dan collision. • Hal ini pada umumnya terjadi karena:Hal ini pada umumnya terjadi karena: • Adanya penambahan jumlah computer dan networkAdanya penambahan jumlah computer dan network technologies.technologies. • Adanya penambahan jumlah traffik dalam network.Adanya penambahan jumlah traffik dalam network. • Penerapan aplikasi yang memerlukan bandwidth yangPenerapan aplikasi yang memerlukan bandwidth yang tinggi.tinggi.
  • 21. CCNA3-21 Chapter 2-1 • Layer 2 Switching:Layer 2 Switching: • Melakukan switching dan filtering hanya padaMelakukan switching dan filtering hanya pada Data LinkData Link layer dari OSI Layer /layer dari OSI Layer / (Layer 2) MAC address.(Layer 2) MAC address. • Semuanya transparan untuk network protocols dan userSemuanya transparan untuk network protocols dan user applications.applications. • Layer 2 switch membangun MAC address table untukLayer 2 switch membangun MAC address table untuk membuat keputusan melakukan forwarding.membuat keputusan melakukan forwarding. Layer 2 and Layer 3 SwitchingLayer 2 and Layer 3 Switching Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst 2960 Series2960 Series Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst 2960 Series2960 Series
  • 22. CCNA3-22 Chapter 2-1 • Layer 3 Switching:Layer 3 Switching: • Fungsinya hampir sama dengan Layer 2 switch tetapi tidakFungsinya hampir sama dengan Layer 2 switch tetapi tidak hanya menggunakan Layer 2 MAC address,hanya menggunakan Layer 2 MAC address, Layer 3 switchLayer 3 switch dapat juga menggunakan IP address information dalamdapat juga menggunakan IP address information dalam melakukan switching.melakukan switching. • Layer 3 switch dapat juga mempelajari IP addresses yangLayer 3 switch dapat juga mempelajari IP addresses yang terdapat pada interfaces-nya.terdapat pada interfaces-nya. • Hal ini memungkinkan Layer 3 switch untuk mengarahkan laluHal ini memungkinkan Layer 3 switch untuk mengarahkan lalu lintas di seluruh network berdasarkan informasi IP Address.lintas di seluruh network berdasarkan informasi IP Address. Layer 2 and Layer 3 SwitchingLayer 2 and Layer 3 Switching Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst 3560 Series3560 Series Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst 3560 Series3560 Series
  • 23. CCNA3-23 Chapter 2-1 Switch Concepts and ConfigurationSwitch Concepts and Configuration Switch Management ConfigurationSwitch Management Configuration
  • 24. CCNA3-24 Chapter 2-1 • CLI itself is basically the same as a router:CLI itself is basically the same as a router: • Access modes with a password.Access modes with a password. • Help Facility and Command HistoryHelp Facility and Command History • Configure console and telnet access.Configure console and telnet access. • Commands to configure options for each interface.Commands to configure options for each interface. • Commands to verify the status of the switch.Commands to verify the status of the switch. • The difference is the functions to be configured:The difference is the functions to be configured: • Commands to create and control VLANs (Chapter 3)Commands to create and control VLANs (Chapter 3) • Configure a default gateway.Configure a default gateway. • Manage the MAC Address table.Manage the MAC Address table. • Switch security.Switch security. Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
  • 25. CCNA3-25 Chapter 2-1 • Access Levels:Access Levels: • User EXEC.User EXEC. • Privileged EXEC.Privileged EXEC. Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
  • 26. CCNA3-26 Chapter 2-1 • Configuration Modes:Configuration Modes: • Global Configuration Mode.Global Configuration Mode. • Interface Configuration Mode (and more….)Interface Configuration Mode (and more….) Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
  • 27. CCNA3-27 Chapter 2-1 • GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI: • Cisco Network Assistant.Cisco Network Assistant. • Configure and manage groups of switches orConfigure and manage groups of switches or standalone switches.standalone switches. • Free fromFree from www.cisco.comwww.cisco.com with a Cisco ID andwith a Cisco ID and Password.Password. Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
  • 28. CCNA3-28 Chapter 2-1 • GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI: • Cisco View. • Menampilkan tampilan fisik dari switch yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk mengatur parameter konfigurasi. • Melihat status switch dan performance information. • Purchased separately. • Can be a standalone application or part of a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) platform. Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
  • 29. CCNA3-29 Chapter 2-1 • GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI: • Cisco Device Manager.Cisco Device Manager. • Web-based software that is stored in the switchWeb-based software that is stored in the switch memory.memory. • Configure and manage switches.Configure and manage switches. • Access from anywhere in your network through a webAccess from anywhere in your network through a web browser.browser. Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
  • 30. CCNA3-30 Chapter 2-1 • GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI:GUI-Based Alternatives to the CLI: • SNMP Network Management.SNMP Network Management. • You can manage switches from a SNMP-compatibleYou can manage switches from a SNMP-compatible management station, such as HP OpenView.management station, such as HP OpenView. • The switch is able to provide comprehensiveThe switch is able to provide comprehensive management information.management information. • SNMP network management is more common in largeSNMP network management is more common in large enterprise networks.enterprise networks. Navigating Command-Line Interface ModesNavigating Command-Line Interface Modes
  • 31. CCNA3-31 Chapter 2-1 • Word / Command line syntax Help:Word / Command line syntax Help: Using the Help FacilityUsing the Help Facility
  • 32. CCNA3-32 Chapter 2-1 • Console Error Messages:Console Error Messages: Using the Help FacilityUsing the Help Facility
  • 33. CCNA3-33 Chapter 2-1 • Switch loads the Boot Loader program. • Small program stored in NVRAM. • CPU Initialization. • POST (Check Router Conditions and Configurasi Register). • Initializes flash memory. • Loads a default OS image into memory and boots the switch. • The OS then initializes the interfaces using the Cisco IOS commands found in the operating system configuration file config.text, stored in the switch flash memory. Switch Boot SequenceSwitch Boot Sequence
  • 34. CCNA3-34 Chapter 2-1 • A PC connected to the console port.A PC connected to the console port. • A terminal emulator applicationA terminal emulator application (e.g.. HyperTerminal) is(e.g.. HyperTerminal) is running and configured correctly.running and configured correctly. • Attach the power cord to the switch.Attach the power cord to the switch. • Some Catalyst switches, including the 2950 and 2960Some Catalyst switches, including the 2950 and 2960 series switchesseries switches do not have a power buttondo not have a power button.. Prepare to Configure the SwitchPrepare to Configure the Switch
  • 35. CCNA3-35 Chapter 2-1 • Key Configuration Sequences:Key Configuration Sequences: • Switch Management Interface:Switch Management Interface: • To manage a switch remotely using TCP/IP, you needTo manage a switch remotely using TCP/IP, you need to assign the switch an IP address.to assign the switch an IP address. • An access layer switch is much like a PC in that youAn access layer switch is much like a PC in that you need to configure anneed to configure an IP address, a subnet mask, andIP address, a subnet mask, and a default gatewaya default gateway.. • Duplex and Speed of active interfaces:Duplex and Speed of active interfaces: • Usually the default but can be modified.Usually the default but can be modified. • Support for HTTP access.Support for HTTP access. • We will restrict ourselves to the CLI.We will restrict ourselves to the CLI. • MAC address table management.MAC address table management. Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 36. CCNA3-36 Chapter 2-1 • Switch Management Interface:Switch Management Interface: Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 37. CCNA3-37 Chapter 2-1 • Switch Management Interface:Switch Management Interface: • Note that a Layer 2 switch, such as the Cisco CatalystNote that a Layer 2 switch, such as the Cisco Catalyst 2960, only permits a2960, only permits a single VLAN interface to be active atsingle VLAN interface to be active at a timea time.. • This means that the Layer 3 interfaceThis means that the Layer 3 interface (interface VLAN 99)(interface VLAN 99) isis activeactive, but the Layer 3 interface, but the Layer 3 interface (interface VLAN 1)(interface VLAN 1) isis not activenot active.. Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 38. CCNA3-38 Chapter 2-1 • Configure Default Gateway: • Anda perlu mengkonfigurasi switch sehingga dapat meneruskan paket IP ke jaringan remote . • Pada configurasi ini, switch layaknya seperti sebuah host. • Hanya digunakan untuk mem-forward switch management traffic. • Ini tidak ada hubungannya dengan traffic data dari user. • Why does it have to be forwarded? • You can make a Telnet or SSH connection to a switch from another subnet to perform maintenance or troubleshoot. Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 39. CCNA3-39 Chapter 2-1 • Verify Configuration:Verify Configuration: Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 40. CCNA3-40 Chapter 2-1 • Configure Duplex and Speed:Configure Duplex and Speed: • You can use the duplex interface configuration commandYou can use the duplex interface configuration command to specify the duplex mode of operation for switch ports.to specify the duplex mode of operation for switch ports. • You canYou can manually setmanually set the duplex mode and speed ofthe duplex mode and speed of switch ports toswitch ports to avoid inter-vendor issuesavoid inter-vendor issues withwith autonegotiation.autonegotiation. Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 41. CCNA3-41 Chapter 2-1 • Configure HTTP Access:Configure HTTP Access: • Modern Cisco switches have a number of web-basedModern Cisco switches have a number of web-based configuration tools that require that the switch isconfiguration tools that require that the switch is configured as an HTTP server.configured as an HTTP server. • These applications include:These applications include: • Cisco web browser user interface.Cisco web browser user interface. • Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM).Cisco Router and Security Device Manager (SDM). • IP Phone and Cisco IOS Telephony ServiceIP Phone and Cisco IOS Telephony Service applications.applications. • Be aware that these servicesBe aware that these services are not necessarilyare not necessarily activatedactivated in a configuration. The availability of this optionin a configuration. The availability of this option does not meandoes not mean that you do not need to know how to usethat you do not need to know how to use the CLI commands.the CLI commands. Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 42. CCNA3-42 Chapter 2-1 • MAC Address Table Management:MAC Address Table Management: • Switches use MAC address tables to determine how toSwitches use MAC address tables to determine how to forward traffic between ports.forward traffic between ports. • These MAC tables includeThese MAC tables include dynamic and staticdynamic and static addresses.addresses. Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 43. CCNA3-43 Chapter 2-1 • Static MAC Addresses: • Network administrator dapat membuat static MAC addresses pada ports switch. • The switch always knows which port to send out traffic destined for that specific MAC address. • Untuk meng-create static mapping dalam MAC address table, menggunakan command: mac-address-table static <MAC address> vlan {1-4096, ALL} interface interface-id SW1(config)#mac-address-table static 0090.2B35.6C00 vlan 99 interface fastEthernet 0/20 • Untuk me-remove nya, menggunakan command : ‘no’ mac-address-table static <MAC address> vlan {1-4096, ALL} interface interface-id. SW1(config)#no mac-address-table static 0090.2B35.6C00 vlan 99 interface fastEthernet 0/20 Basic Switch ConfigurationBasic Switch Configuration
  • 44. CCNA3-44 Chapter 2-1 • Using theUsing the showshow commands:commands: Verifying Switch ConfigurationVerifying Switch Configuration
  • 45. CCNA3-45 Chapter 2-1 • Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files: • Backup to the flash drive.Backup to the flash drive. Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
  • 46. CCNA3-46 Chapter 2-1 • Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files: • Restore from the flash drive.Restore from the flash drive. Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
  • 47. CCNA3-47 Chapter 2-1 • Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files: • Backup to a TFTP server.Backup to a TFTP server. • Make sure that the TFTP server is running.Make sure that the TFTP server is running. • Login to the switch.Login to the switch. • Upload the configuration to the TFTP server.Upload the configuration to the TFTP server. SW1#copy running-config tftp:SW1#copy running-config tftp: Address or name of remote host []?Address or name of remote host []? 172.17.50.254172.17.50.254 Destination filename [SW1-confg]?Destination filename [SW1-confg]? SW1-backupSW1-backup Writing running-config....!!Writing running-config....!! [OK - 1161 bytes][OK - 1161 bytes] 1161 bytes copied in 3.02 secs (0 bytes/sec)1161 bytes copied in 3.02 secs (0 bytes/sec) Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
  • 48. CCNA3-48 Chapter 2-1 • Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files: • Restore from a TFTP server.Restore from a TFTP server. • Make sure that the TFTP server is running.Make sure that the TFTP server is running. • Login to the switch.Login to the switch. • download the configuration to the TFTP server.download the configuration to the TFTP server. SW1#copy tftp: running-configSW1#copy tftp: running-config Address or name of remote host []?Address or name of remote host []? 172.17.50.254172.17.50.254 Address or name of remote host []?Address or name of remote host []? SW1-backupSW1-backup Destination filename [running-config]?Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://172.17.50.254/SW1-backup...Accessing tftp://172.17.50.254/SW1-backup... Loading SW1-backup from 172.17.50.254: !Loading SW1-backup from 172.17.50.254: ! [OK - 1161 bytes][OK - 1161 bytes] 1161 bytes copied in 0.01 secs (116100 bytes/sec)1161 bytes copied in 0.01 secs (116100 bytes/sec) Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management
  • 49. CCNA3-49 Chapter 2-1 • Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files:Backing up and Restoring Switch Configuration Files: • Clearing configuration files.Clearing configuration files. • Deleting files from the flash drive.Deleting files from the flash drive. • deletedelete flash:filenameflash:filename Basic Switch ManagementBasic Switch Management