Physical Computing and IoT

1. Hardware prototyping:
Arduino, sensors, and NFC
eduardo.oliveira@unimelb.edu.au

2. Too
MANY
thingsin
my

3. Where to Start?

5. Physical Computing and IoT
eduardo.oliveira@unimelb.edu.au

7. Physical computing

8. What is Physical Computing?

9. What is Physical Computing?
handmade art, design or DIY hobby projects that use
sensors and microcontrollers to translate input to a
software system, and/or control electro-mechanical
devices such as motors, servos, lighting or other hardware

10. What is Physical Computing?
• use of computing and electronics [sensors and actuators] in the
prototyping of physical objects to interact with humans
• behaviour implemented by software
• use of microcontrollers
• the goal is to link the physical world with the virtual world
• way to create communication and interaction between people

11. How we see computers?

12. How computers see us?

13. How computers see us?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6cNdhOKwi0

14. The world is changing...

15. "If I have seen a little farther than others, it is because I
have stood on the shoulders of giants," I am forced to
say, "Today we stand on each other's feet."
Perhaps the central problem we face in all of computer
science is how we are to get to the situation where we
build on top of the work of others rather than redoing
so much of it in a trivially different way. Science is
supposed to be cumulative, not almost endless
duplication of the same kind of things”.
Richard Hamming 1968
Turning Award Lecture

17. How computers see us?

18. How computers see us?

19. Physical Computing vs Robotics
UCD

20. [empowerment]

21. Physical Computing
“change the way that
computers see us will
change how they
interact with us”
Tom Igoe – Physical Computing

22. Moore’s Law

23. Moore’s Law

24. Koomey’s Law

25. Electricity

26. Maybe… a workshop/course in future

27. Arduino and Sensors

28. http://arduino.cc/

29. Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of
the physical world than your desktop computer.
Whaaaaaaaaaaaaaat?

30. Arduino - Advantages
• Atmel microcontroller (ATMEGA8 and ATMEGA168)
• programming using Wiring (subset of processing, based on C / C ++)
• open-source, platform evolution through contributions from users

31. Arduino - Capabilities

32. Arduino - Platforms
duemilanove
mini
lilypad
boarduino
paperduino megapro

33. • driver
– windows: FTDI Serial USB
– mac|linux: nothing to be installed
• software
– unzip and run
download: http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
Arduino - Installation

35. Arduino - MEGA

36. Arduino – MEGA - Summary
• use of computing and electronics [sensors and actuators] in the
prototyping of physical objects to interact with humans
• behaviour implemented by software
• use of microcontrollers
• the goal is to link the physical world with the virtual world
• way to create communication and interaction between people
Microcontroller ATmega2560
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 54 (of which 15 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 16
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory
256 KB of which 8 KB used by
bootloader
SRAM 8 KB
EEPROM 4 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz

37. Arduino – IDE [Board and Serial Port]

38. Arduino – Platform
IDE

39. Arduino – Platform
Sketch

40. Arduino – Platform
Libraries

41. Arduino – Platform
• Programming language: C-based (but more simple)
• Functions
– Digital I/O
• pinMode()
• digitalWrite()
• digitalRead()
– Analog I/O
• analogReference()
• analogRead()
• analogWrite() - PWM
– Time
• millis()
• micros()
• delay()
• Constants
- HIGH | LOW – (0V or 5V)
- INPUT | OUTPUT
More:
http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

43. Arduino – Example
int led = 13;
void setup() {
// initialize the digital pin as an output.
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

44. Breadboard?

45. Electronic - Breadboard?

46. Jumpers

47. Electronic - Jumpers

48. Arduino – Example
int led = 9; // the pin that the LED is attached to
int brightness = 0; // how bright the LED is
int fadeAmount = 5; // how many points to fade the LED by
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
// declare pin 9 to be an output:
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
// set the brightness of pin 9:
analogWrite(led, brightness);
// change the brightness for next time through the loop:
brightness = brightness + fadeAmount;
// reverse the direction of the fading at the ends
of the fade:
if (brightness == 0 || brightness == 255) {
fadeAmount = -fadeAmount ;
}
// wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming
effect
delay(30);
}

49. Sensors and Shields

51. http://www.instructables.com/tag/type-id/category-technology/channel-arduino/
http://blog.arduino.cc/

53. Light Painting with an Arduino:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYo66PIuYTE
Touch Board:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3eSrUQTesg
DrawDio:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PV_w38ldZaE

54. Hammer pong:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiiWKhS2X_o
Traffic Lights – Pong:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3Ozz6_pdMI
Women + Bike + Wall:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cO7iCbtlcIc
Laser Harp:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLVXmsbVwUs

55. opportunity

56. Similar technologies?

58. MIT Tangible Media:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvtfD_rJ2hE
Dancing Traffic Light:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SB_0vRnkeOk

59. Internet of Things (IoT)

60. Motivation: Devices Miniaturisation

61. 2010
5 billion devices.
Population of 7 billion people.
2020
20 billion devices.
Population 7.7 billion people.
Motivation: Global amount of connected devices

62. Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the
interconnection of uniquely
identifiable embedded computing
devices within the
existing Internet infrastructure

63. is not made up
only of Smart Things
IoT

64. And if all object types
were connected?
INTERACTION / INFORMATION
Ask them where they came from, who owns them, what they do, etc.
INTERACTION / INFORMATION
Ask them where they came from, who owns them, what they do, etc.

65. billions or even trillions of objectsbillions or even trillions of objects

66. And the objects that do not
communicate over the network?

67. Radio Frequency Identification

68. Each product even being identical to another, has a unique ID
Tags can store small amount of data
Read-only or read-write tags
Ability to destroy ("kill") a tag
With RFID, objects are unique

69. Term presented/used in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, director
of Auto-ID Labs at MIT
Several objects tagged with RFID would be part of a
vast network of sensors. Objects could be found and
tracked, so that there was an IoT.
The IoT term emerged from RFID world

70. Bar codes are equals

71. Even when differents

72. Point to point communication
RFID-based technology
Multiple uses
Near Field Communication

73. Near Field Communication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wim4TqMzgVQ

74. Near Field Communication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnLtjhC6HqA

76. Tag/Reader/Writer (terminal)
Peer to Peer (device to device)
Card emulation
Connect apps with real world
Connect devices
Connect your virtual wallet
Near Field Communication

77. Until 2015
50% of smartphones will support NFC (Gartner)
In 2015
Mobile transactions will exceed $1 Trillion (Yankee Group)
NFC will be the most used solution in the world for payments (Frost & Sullivan)
In 2017
1/4 from US consumers will buy using NFC technology (Juniper Research)
Near Field Communication: perspective

78. Before users can use NFC Tags, they will need to enable the NFC feature on their NFC
capable smartphone.
1. Go to the "settings" screen (from the home screen, select menu->settings)
2. select "more settings" (this is the forth item down on the settings screen)
3. in the "more settings" screen, you will see an option for "NFC". If there is a
checkmark, NFC is already enabled. If no checkmark, select "NFC" to enable.
In summary...
"menu->settings->more settings->NFC"
it's that easy!
How to enable NFC in my smartphone?

79. Who sells NFC?

81. Acer Cloud Mobile
Acer E320 Liquid Express
Acer Liquid Glow
Acer Liquid S2
Adlink IMX-2000
Alcatel One Touch 922
Alcatel One Touch 996
Alcatel Onetouch Idol 2
Alcatel Onetouch Idol 2 Mini S
Alcatel Onetouch Idol 2S
Alcatel Onetouch Pop Fit
Amazon Fire Phone
Apple iPhone 6 and iPhone 6
Plus
Asmaitha Sruta 7? Tablet
Asus Padfone 2
Asus Padfone Infinity
Asus Vivo Tab
Asus Vivo Tab RT
Asus VivoTab Smart
BBK Vivo Xplay
Benq T80
BlackBerry Bold 9790
BlackBerry Bold 9900/9930
BlackBerry Curve
9350/9360/9370
BlackBerry Curve 9380
BlackBerry PlayBook
BlackBerry Q10
BlackBerry Q5
BlackBerry Z10
BlackBerry Z30
Blu Life Pure XL
BWC ToughSlate 7?
C-Mii 1
C-Mii 3
Casio DT-X8
Casio G’zOne CA-201L
Casio IT-800
Cetrix CB250
Cetrix CD661
Cetrix CT973G
Cetrix CV300
Dell Venue 11 Pro
DLI 9000
Faea F1
Faea F2
Faea F2S
Firefox OS Flame
Fujitsu Arrows A
Fujitsu Arrows µ F-07D
Fujitsu Arrows Kiss
Fujitsu Arrows Tab
Fujitsu Arrows V
G.To N800
Gentag GT-601v2
Gionee Elife E7
Google Nexus 10
Google Nexus 5
Google Nexus 7 (2013)
Google Project Tango tablet
Hike X1
Hike X1D
Hisense Sero 7 Pro
HP Elitebook Revolve
HP Elitepad 900
HTC Desire 500
HTC Desire 510
HTC Desire 610
HTC Desire 816
HTC Desire C
HTC Droid DNA/HTC J Butterfly
HTC Droid Incredible 4G LTE
HTC Evo 4G LTE
HTC First
HTC Incredible
HTC Mini
HTC One
HTC One M8
HTC One Max
HTC One SV
HTC One VX
HTC One X/XL
HTC Ruby/Amaze 4G
HTC Windows Phone 8X
Huawei Ascend G300
Huawei Ascend G6 4G
Huawei Ascend G600
Huawei Ascend P2
Huawei Ascend Y201
Huawei Sonic/Turkcell T20
Huawei TalkBand B1
iBerry Auxus Nuclea N2
Jolla by Jolla
Kuoziro FT701W NFC Tablet
Kyocera Hydro Elite
Kyocera Hydro Icon
Kyocera Hydro Vibe
Kyocera Torque
Lenovo K800
Lenovo ThinkPad Tablet 2
LG G Flex
LG G Pro 2
LG G2
LG G3
LG G3 Beat/LG G3 S
LG KU380-NFC
LG Mach
LG Optimus 3D Max
LG Optimus 4X HD
LG Optimus Elite
LG Optimus G
LG Optimus L5
LG Optimus L7
LG Optimus LTE
LG Optimus LTE Tag
LG Optimus Net
LG Optimus Vu
LG T530 Ego
LG Viper
Lumigon T2
Lumigon T2 HD
M3 Android NFC Communicator
Megafon Mint
Meizu MX3
Motorola Droid Maxx
Motorola Droid Mini
Motorola Droid Razr
Motorola Droid Razr HD
Motorola Droid Razr M
Motorola Droid Razr M 4G LTE
Motorola Droid Razr Maxx HD
Motorola Droid Ultra
Motorola MC75A HF
Motorola Moto X
Motorola Photon Q 4G LTE
Motorola Razr D3
Motorola Razr i/MT788
MTS 975
Nokia 603
Nokia 700
Nokia 701
Nokia 801T
Nokia 808 PureView
Nokia C7/Astound
Nokia Lumia 1020
Nokia Lumia 1520
Nokia Lumia 2520
Nokia Lumia 610 NFC
Nokia Lumia 620
Nokia Lumia 720
Nokia Lumia 820
Nokia Lumia 920
Nokia Lumia 925
Nokia Lumia 928
Nokia Lumia 930
Nokia Lumia Icon
Nokia N9
Nokia Oro
OnePlus One
Oppo Find 5
Oppo Find 7
Oppo N1
Orange Infinity 996
Orange San Diego
OrientPhone P6 Plus
Panasonic BizPad
Panasonic Eluga
Panasonic Eluga Power
Pantech Discover
Pantech Sky Vega LTE
Pantech Sky Vega Racer
Philips Xenium W336
Porsche Design P’9981
Porsche Design P’9982
Prada phone by LG 3.0
Samsung Ativ Odyssey
Samsung Ativ S Neo
Samsung Ativ SE
Samsung Galaxy Ace 2
Samsung Galaxy Ace Style
Samsung Galaxy Alpha
Samsung Galaxy Avant
Samsung Galaxy Axiom/Samsung GalaxyAdmire2
Samsung Galaxy Core Advance
Samsung Galaxy Core LTE
Samsung Galaxy Express
Samsung Galaxy Express 2
Samsung Galaxy Grand 2 LTE
Samsung Galaxy K Zoom
Samsung Galaxy Light
Samsung Galaxy Mega
Samsung Galaxy Mini 2
Samsung Galaxy Note
Samsung Galaxy Note 3
Samsung Galaxy Note II
Samsung Galaxy Premier
Samsung Galaxy Round
Samsung Galaxy Rugby LTE/Pro
Samsung Galaxy S Advance
Samsung Galaxy S Blaze 4G
Samsung Galaxy S II
Samsung Galaxy S II Plus
Samsung Galaxy S III
Samsung Galaxy S III Mini
Samsung Galaxy S4
Samsung Galaxy S4 Active
Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini
Samsung Galaxy S4 Zoom
Samsung Galaxy S5
Samsung Galaxy S5 Active/Sport
Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini
Samsung Galaxy Stratosphere II
Samsung Galaxy Victory 4G LTE
Samsung Galaxy Young
Samsung S5230 NFC
Samsung S5260 NFC
Samsung SHW-A170K
Samsung Wave 578
Samsung Wave M
Samsung Wave Y
Samsung Windows RT Ativ Tablet
Samsung WP8 Ativ S
Samsung Z
Sharp Aquos Phone Serie
Sharp Aquos Phone Zeta
Sharp RW-T107 NFC Tablet
Sharp RW-T110 NFC Tablet
Sonim XP1301 Core NFC
Sonim XPand NFC
Sony SWR10 SmartBand
Sony Vaio Fit
Sony Xperia Acro S
Sony Xperia AX
Sony Xperia Ion
Sony Xperia L
Sony Xperia M
Sony Xperia M2
Sony Xperia P
Sony Xperia S
Sony Xperia Sola
Sony Xperia SP
Sony Xperia T
Sony Xperia T2 Ultra
Sony Xperia Tablet Z
Sony Xperia V
Sony Xperia VL
Sony Xperia Z
Sony Xperia Z Ultra
Sony Xperia Z1
Sony Xperia Z1 Compact
Sony Xperia Z2
Sony Xperia Z2 Tablet
Sony Xperia ZL
Sony Xperia ZR
TazTag TazPad
TazTag TPH-One
The Toughphone Defender
Toughshield R-500
Toughshield T700
Turkcell MaxiPRO5
Turkcell T11/ZTE Racer II
Turkcell T40
Umi Cross
Umi X2S
Vertu Constellation
Vertu Ti
Vodafone Smart 4 Power
Vodafone Smart 4 Turbo
Vodafone Smart III
Xiaomi Mi 2A
Xiaomi Mi3
Xiaomi Mi4
Xolo X900
Yota Devices YotaPhone (2014)
Yulong Coolpad 8870 NFC
Zopo ZP998
ZTE Blade II
ZTE GoTa GH800
ZTE Grand X IN
ZTE Kis
ZTE Nubia Z5
ZTE Orbit
ZTE PF200
ZTE R233
ZTE Turkcell MaxiPLUS5
Apple?Supported Smartphones

82. Just label your objects and identify them
QR Code
And if you don’t want traceability?

83. - One step - Various steps
- OS supported - App install
- Doesn’t need light - Needs light
- Until 1MB - Until 3KB
- Active and Passive - Passive
NFC x QR Code

84. NFC examples

85. Supermarket in Paris
(2012)
Wine temperature
monitoring
(2008)
NFC Cases

86. USA(2012) Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
(2013)
NFC CasesNFC Cases

87. Angry Birds
NFC examplesNFC Cases

89. 32-bit ARM® Cortex M0 CPU with 256kB flash
memory, accelerometer, temperature sensor
and what is most important – 2.4 GHz
Bluetooth 4.0 Smart (also known as BLE or
Bluetooth low energy) bidirectional radio.

92. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUIqfjpInxY

95. That’s it! ;)

96. Thank you

97. so much!

99. Physical Computing and IoT
eduardo.oliveira@unimelb.edu.au