1. CAFNET Initiative – An effort to
sustain evergreen agroforests of
Western Ghats
C.G.Kushalappa*, Raghuramulu. Y**Phillippe Vaast***
Fregus Sinclair*** and Claude Garcia****
*College of Forestry, UAHS,Shimoga, India
** Coffee Board of India, Bangalore , India
*** World Agroforestry Centre , Nairobi, Kenya
**** ETH, Zurich , Switzerland

2. Coffee and Conservation-Context of CANET
Coffee and
commodity
Economy
–
Second
largest
traded
Coffee and Ecology - Biodiversity Hot Spots
Coffee Agroforests- Shade grown and tree integration
Coffee and Livelihoods – Small farmers
TREES FOR LIFE
2

3. Study area- Cauvery watershed

4. Kodagu – A Green Landscape
 One of the densely wooded district in India. 80%
 Highest density of sacred forests in the world.
 Largest shade coffee growing region in India 36%
 Rich and endemic biodiversity
 Landscape which contributes to range of ES
 Ecotourism
FROM GREEN TO EVERGREEN REVOLUTION.
GREEN LANDSCAPE–EVERGREEN DEVLOPMENT

5. Landscape Mosaic
Raja’s seat, Madikeri
Garcia 2011

6. Orange
Coffee
Our natural
treasures
Honey
Pepper
Cardamom

7. Dynamics in Coffee Agro Forests
 Private Forest > Cardamom> Coffee
 Arabica>Shaded Robusta>Open Robusta
 Native shade trees> Exotic trees
 Loss of biodiversity
 Impact on ecosystem services
 Increase in human animal conflicts
 Increase coffee yield and farm income

8. Landscape dynamics
Coffee -100%
Forest -30%
Evergreen Forests
Coffee Plantations
Deciduous Forests
1997
1977
2007
Cafnet final report 2011
8

10. How to address these dynamics and continue
to produce economically and ecologically
sustainable farm products?
From Productivity to quality productivity.
From Regulation to Certification.
From Subsidies to Incentives.
From Agriculture to Agri- Business.
Ecosystem
service
valuation
and
incentives for sustainable agroforestry

11. Highlights CAFNET Study
 Documentation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge
 Biodiversity inventory of coffee plantations.
 Water dynamics and hydrological studies
 Carbon sequestration
 Impact on production and quality
 Sustaining the cultivation

12. TEK and Biodiversity
Six Knowledge Bases on
TEK of 249 farmers
Biodiversity of 114 estates
Trees enumerated 20030
240 tree species
120 birds
Microbial diversity
Large and small mammals

13. Agroforests of high tree density
Tree/ha
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Large
Medium
Small
Sacred Forests
Natural Forest
Estate size
Tree density in coffee plantations and natural forest.
Cafnet final report 2011

14. Agroforests with high tree Diversity
20%
Grevillea robusta
Erythrina lithosperma
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius
10%
Areca catechu
57%
5%
Artocarpus heterophyllus
4%
4%
Composition of trees in coffee estates
Others
Cafnet Final report 2011

15. Bird friendly coffee
. Impact of Silver Oak on bird diversity

16. Elephants like coffee
Percentage of dung piles
 Habitat and corridors
 High conflict leading to
loss of life and crops
 In 2013
64 elephants
residing in plantations
 Feeding on coffee
0 seeds
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1-50 seeds
>50 seeds
Total
Sample
(N=209)
Juveniles
(N=24)
Age catergory
Adults
(N=123)

17. Total carbon sequestered in forest and CBAF
Carbon(t/ha)
system
Tree
Forest
97
Arabica
native
Coffee
Soil
Litter
Total
-
97
2,4
196
88
4,8
112
1,6
206
Arabica
exotic
73
3,3
105
2,2
183
Robusta
native
78
13,0
90
1,8
182
Robusta
exotic
47
10,1
78
1,9
138
Phillipe et al, 2009

18. Economics of shade
Particular
High(>60)
Low(<60)
Average shade
73.7
56.3
Coffee yield
(Quintals/acre)
6
8.9
Total cost of coffee
cultivation (Rs/acre)
13673
17739
Net income from coffee
(Rs/acre)
13950
23175
Income from intercrops
(Rs/acre)
4759
7483
Net income from coffee
+ intercrops (Rs/acre)
18709
30658

19. Sustainable coffee Cultivation – Way for Future
1. Eco-certification-Elephant ,Civet and Bird friendly
2. Geographic Indications –
3. Forest Certification
4. Eco-tourism
5. Landscape Labeling

20. Eco-Certification -CANET Initiative
 Ecom Gill , Ned commodities and Coffee Board
partnership.
 Eight farmer groups and 89 farmers certified
under project for RAF and UTZ
 Additionally large corporate and 90 individual
farmers certified

21. Landscape Labelling

22. TEAM - CAFNET INDIA