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REDUCING CO2E IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT




   San	
  Francisco	
  AIA	
  Commi/ee	
  on	
  the	
  Environment	
  

   Presenters
    Phil Williams – Webcor Builders
    David Mar – Tipping Mar, Structural Engineers
    Larry Strain – Siegel & Strain Architects
REDUCING CO2E IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

  Learning Objectives


  Relationship between embodied carbon and operating
   carbon
  How to reduce embodied carbon – material selection,
   local resources, construction processes
  Review existing resources for calculating embodied
   carbon.
  The importance of embodied carbon and CO2 2030
   reduction goals
SF	
  AIA	
  COTE	
  	
  




Carbon	
  Accoun+ng	
  and	
  Reduc+on	
  in	
  
      the	
  Built	
  Environment
                   March,	
  2011	
  
WEBCOR
Webcor	
  Builders	
  Sustainability	
  Ranking	
  &	
  Results	
                                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                                                      GROUP



   •  ENR	
  #1	
  Green	
  Builder	
  by	
  volume:	
  2010	
  –	
  95%,	
  2009	
  –	
  90%,	
  2008	
  –	
  84%,	
  
      2007	
  –	
  79%	
  
   •  Largest	
  West	
  Coast	
  commercial	
  contractor	
  in	
  California	
  2009,	
  08,	
  07,	
  06	
  
   •  26.1	
  Million	
  square	
  feet	
  of	
  LEED	
  projects	
  in	
  California	
  
   •  $6.5	
  Billion	
  of	
  LEED	
  projects	
  in	
  California	
  
   •  First	
  General	
  Contractor	
  to	
  report	
  scope	
  1,2	
  and	
  3	
  Carbon	
  Emissions	
  
   •  Only	
  ConstrucZon	
  firm	
  to	
  parZcipate	
  in	
  the	
  World	
  Resources	
  InsZtute	
  (WRI)	
  
      Scope	
  3	
  Greenhouse	
  Gas	
  (GHG)	
  emission	
  Road	
  TesZng	
  program	
  




       SFPUC	
                 CA	
  Academy	
  of	
  Sciences	
     Cal	
  Memorial	
  Stadium	
     Transbay	
  Transit	
  Center	
  
   LEED-­‐Pla+num	
                   LEED-­‐Pla+num	
                       LEED-­‐Gold	
                  LEED-­‐Gold	
  
WEBCOR
Consump+on:	
  It’s	
  in	
  the	
  Buildings	
                                      CONSULTING
                                                                                         GROUP



                                                              Construc+on	
  Material	
  
         US	
  Energy	
  Consump+on	
                         Energy	
  Consump+on	
  

                                              Materials	
  
                           Industry
                             33%
                                                12%	
  
       Transporta+on	
  
            28%	
  

                              Buildings
                                39%




      Building	
  opera+on 	
             	
  =	
  39%	
  
      Construc+on	
  material	
           	
  =	
  12%	
  
      Built	
  Environment 	
             	
  =	
  51%	
  



                                                                     **Source:	
  US	
  Energy	
  Informa+on	
  
WEBCOR
Webcor’s	
  Scope	
  1	
  and	
  2	
  GHG	
  Inventory	
                                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                                             GROUP


          1st	
  General	
  Contractor	
  to	
  report	
  Scopes	
  1	
  &	
  2	
  to	
  CA	
  Climate	
  Registry	
  



               GHG	
  Emissions	
  NOT	
  related	
  to	
  
                         construc+on	
  
WEBCOR
Webcor	
  Comprehensive	
  CFP	
  	
                                                CONSULTING
                                                                                        GROUP


       Webcor’s Comprehensive Carbon
                  Footprint

            0.44%
                                  Job Related Costs of
                                  Construction
                                  Everything Else




                99.63%
                                                                  =	
  0.44%	
  
 Scopes 1,2, & 3




                                                         Scope	
  1	
  &	
  2	
  
WEBCOR
Where’s	
  the	
  Carbon?	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         CONSULTING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GROUP




                              TradiZonal	
  approximaZon	
  Material	
  Carbon	
  vs.	
  OperaZonal	
  Carbon	
  
                              120%	
  

                              100%	
  
 Total	
  Carbon	
  (%)	
  




                               80%	
  

                               60%	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  OperaZonal	
  Carbon	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Embodied	
  Carbon	
  
                               40%	
  

                               20%	
  

                                 0%	
  
                                               10	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     20	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     30	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     40	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     50	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  


                                                                      Building	
  Lifespan	
  (yrs)	
  
WEBCOR
Where’s	
  the	
  Carbon?	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         CONSULTING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GROUP




                               TradiZonal	
  approximaZon	
  Material	
  Carbon	
  vs.	
  OperaZonal	
  Carbon	
  
                              120%	
  

                              100%	
  
 Total	
  Carbon	
  (%)	
  




                               80%	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Opera+onal	
  Carbon	
  
                               60%	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Embodied	
  Carbon	
  
                               40%	
  

                               20%	
  

                                 0%	
  
                                               10	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     20	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     30	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     40	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     50	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




                                                                      Building	
  Lifespan	
  (yrs)	
  
WEBCOR
Where’s	
  the	
  Carbon?	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CONSULTING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               GROUP




                                  120%	
                      Building	
  Materials	
  
                                  100%	
  
                                                                                                                  Interiors	
  (Drywall,	
  carpet,	
  ceilings)	
  
     Total	
  Carbon	
  (%)	
  




                                   80%	
  
                                                                                                                  Mechanical,	
  Electrical,	
  Plumbing	
  
                                   60%	
  
                                                                                                                  Envelope	
  (Curtainwall,	
  glazing,	
  roof)	
  
                                   40%	
  

                                   20%	
  
                                                                                                                  Structure	
  (Steel,	
  concrete)	
  

                                     0%	
  
                                              10	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     20	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     30	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     40	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     50	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




                                                                     Building	
  Lifespan	
  (yrs)	
  
WEBCOR
Webcor	
  LEED	
  Credit	
  Frequency	
  Matrix	
     CONSULTING
                                                          GROUP
WEBCOR
Understanding	
  What	
  Works	
  &	
  Where	
                                                        CONSULTING
LEED	
  Credit	
  Frequency	
  Matrix	
                                                                   GROUP




   Sustainable Site credit 4.3 – Alternative Transportation: Low-Emitting & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles      96%


         Water Efficiency credit 3.1 – Water Use Reduction                                               98%



          Energy & Atmosphere credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning                                           87%




          Materials & Resources credit 2.2: Construction Waste Management: Divert 75%                    100%




               Indoor Environmental Quality credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings         93%



            Innovation & Design credit 2: LEED AP                                                       100%
WEBCOR
Park	
  Merced	
  LEED-­‐ND	
  Pla+num	
                                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                             GROUP


                                             • 	
  	
  Use	
  and	
  ConstrucZon	
  Phase	
  Carbon	
  
                                             AccounZng	
  
                                             • 	
  	
  195-­‐acre	
  development	
  
                                             • 	
  	
  Over	
  8,800	
  units	
  
                                             • 	
  	
  Mass-­‐transit	
  throughout	
  site	
  
                                             • 	
  	
  Self-­‐sustaining	
  development	
  
                                             • 	
  	
  LEED-­‐ND	
  PlaZnum	
  
WEBCOR
Webcor	
  Carbon	
  Footprint	
  Summaries	
                                                CONSULTING
                                                                                                GROUP




Calculations of Embodied Energy and LCA to find total
Carbon Footprint of a Building. Identifying the Global
Warming Potential (GWP) based on amount and type of      Comparison of the GWP (lbs of carbon per sqft) between
     materials used in the Building components.              a Base Case building and a more Sustainably14	
  
                                                            constructed Building known as the Green Case.
WEBCOR
GHG	
  Emissions	
  Fall	
  into	
  Three	
  Categories	
  	
                        CONSULTING
                                                                                         GROUP



          SCOPE	
  3	
                            SCOPE	
  1	
                    SCOPE	
  3	
  
    (Indirect:	
  Upstream)	
        (Direct:	
  Company	
  Owned)	
      (Indirect:	
  Downstream)	
  




                                                 SCOPE	
  2	
  	
  




                                         (Indirect:	
  Electricity)	
  
WEBCOR
Challenges	
  to	
  Achieving	
  Comprehensive	
  Picture	
                            CONSULTING
                                                                                           GROUP




   The	
  current	
  paradigm	
  is	
  complicated,	
  Zme-­‐consuming,	
  incomplete…	
  

                                        Example…
WEBCOR
Challenges	
  to	
  Achieving	
  Comprehensive	
  Picture	
                                           CONSULTING
                                                                                                          GROUP




                                   Assumed	
  System	
  Boundary	
  

                        Land	
  use	
                Coal	
  Mining	
             Oil	
  
                         change	
                                             ExploraZon	
  
                                                         Lime	
  
                                          Coal	
                          Water	
  
              Refrigerant	
  
                                                     Electricity	
            Trucking	
  
                                     Water	
                                                   Cement	
  
          Sheet	
  Metal	
  
                                HVAC	
                                         Concrete	
  
WEBCOR
Challenges	
  to	
  Achieving	
  Comprehensive	
  Picture	
                                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                                                GROUP




     Cut-­‐off	
                         Assumed	
  System	
  Boundary	
  

                            Land	
  use	
                Coal	
  Mining	
             Oil	
  
       CPU	
                 change	
                                             ExploraZon	
  
                                                             Lime	
  
                                              Coal	
                          Water	
  
                    Refrigerant	
  
                                                         Electricity	
            Trucking	
  
                                         Water	
                                                     Cement	
  
              Sheet	
  Metal	
  
                                      HVAC	
                                       Concrete	
  
                                                                                                                 Dyes	
  
           Blast	
  Furnace	
                                                                               Mining	
  
                                                                                            Chemicals	
  
WEBCOR
Challenges	
  to	
  Achieving	
  Comprehensive	
  Picture	
                                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                                                GROUP

    Capital	
  Goods	
  
                                         Infrastructure	
  
                                         Maintenance	
  	
  	
  
         Machinery	
                                                           Equipment	
  



     Cut-­‐off	
                         Assumed	
  System	
  Boundary	
  

                            Land	
  use	
                Coal	
  Mining	
             Oil	
  
       CPU	
                 change	
                                             ExploraZon	
  
                                                             Lime	
  
                                              Coal	
                          Water	
  
                    Refrigerant	
  
                                                         Electricity	
            Trucking	
  
                                         Water	
                                                     Cement	
  
              Sheet	
  Metal	
  
                                      HVAC	
                                       Concrete	
  
                                                                                                                 Dyes	
  
           Blast	
  Furnace	
                                                                               Mining	
  
                                                                                            Chemicals	
  
WEBCOR
Challenges	
  to	
  Achieving	
  Comprehensive	
  Picture	
                                                      CONSULTING
                                                                                                                     GROUP

    Capital	
  Goods	
                                                                               General	
  Overhead	
  
                                       Infrastructure	
  
                                       Maintenance	
  	
  	
                                             Office	
  Paper	
  
          Machinery	
                                                           Equipment	
  
                                                                                                              Corporate	
  
                                                                                                                Travel	
  

     Cut-­‐off	
                        Assumed	
  System	
  Boundary	
                                    AdverZsing	
  

                            Land	
  use	
                Coal	
  Mining	
             Oil	
               Building	
  
     Mining	
                change	
                                             ExploraZon	
           Maintenance	
  
                                                             Lime	
  
                                              Coal	
                          Water	
  
                    Refrigerant	
  
                                                         Electricity	
            Trucking	
  
                                         Water	
                                                      Concrete	
  
             Sheet	
  Metal	
  
                                    HVAC	
                                        Ready	
  Mix	
  
                                                                                                                       Dyes	
  
           Blast	
  Furnace	
                                                                                     Sand	
  
                                                                                              Chemicals	
  
WEBCOR
Hybrid	
  LCA	
  Methodology	
  Comparison	
                CONSULTING
                                                                GROUP


          Process	
                               Input/Output	
  




                                      Ideal	
  




       Boeom	
  Up	
                               Top	
  Down	
  
WEBCOR
  Top-­‐Down	
  Hybrid	
  LCA	
                                                                                            CONSULTING
                                                                                                                               GROUP


  Screening	
  Followed	
  by	
  Strategic	
  Refinement	
  and	
  Data	
  Collec:on	
  
                                                                                                                    Scope	
  1	
  
                                                                  Subs+tu+on	
               GHG	
  Factors	
  
                                                                                                                     Diesel
                                                                                                                                        5,349
                                                                  (gallons,	
  therms)	
     (kg-­‐CO2eq/gal)	
                      kg CO2eq

Fuel	
  Purchases	
  ($)	
  
                                                                                                                    Scope	
  3	
  
                                                                                             GHG	
  Factors	
                            893
                                                                                              (kg-­‐CO2eq/$)	
       Diesel
                                                                                                                                     kg CO2eq




                                                                                                                    Scope	
  2	
  
Electricity	
  	
                                                  Subs+tu+on	
               GHG	
  Factors	
  
                                                                                                                     Facility B
                                                                                                                                        1,583
                                                                          (kWh)	
            (kg-­‐CO2eq/kWh)	
                      kg CO2eq
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Purchases	
  ($)	
  

                                                                                                                    Scope	
  3	
  
                                                                                                                                      98,232
                                                                                                                     Fabric
Materials	
  &	
  	
                                                                         GHG	
  Factors	
                        kg CO2eq
                                                                                              (kg-­‐CO2eq/$)	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Services	
  ($)	
                                                        Insurance
                                                                                                                                      23,115
                                                                                                                                     kg CO2eq
                                                                                                                                      93,210
                                                                                                                     Transit
                                                                                                                                     kg CO2eq
WEBCOR
The	
  Science	
  Behind	
  CEDA	
                                                                                         CONSULTING
                                                                                                                               GROUP


  Core	
  Database	
  is	
  CEDA	
  (Comprehensive	
  Environmental	
  Data	
  Archive):	
  

     •    Derived	
  from	
  EPA	
  and	
  BEA	
  environmental	
  and	
  economic	
  databases	
  

     •    InternaZonally	
  peer	
  reviewed	
  
             	
        	
  -­‐	
  Used	
  by	
  Dept.	
  of	
  Commerce,	
  EPA,	
  NIST,	
  European	
  Commission,	
  BEES	
  

     •    Baseline	
  for	
  comprehensive	
  	
  and	
  rapid	
  insights	
  into	
  all	
  supply	
  chain	
  Zers	
  
            	
                	
  -­‐	
  A	
  unique	
  commodity	
  based	
  I/0	
  structure	
  

     •    Includes:	
  
             	
                	
  -­‐	
  GHG	
  Emissions	
  
             	
                	
  -­‐	
  Resource	
  consumpZon	
  (including:	
  water,	
  land	
  &	
  energy	
  use)	
     	
     	
  	
  	
  
             	
                	
  -­‐	
  Toxins;	
  	
  
             	
                	
  -­‐	
  PM	
  Emissions;	
  	
  
             	
                	
  -­‐	
  Ozone	
  DepleZng	
  Substances;	
  	
  
             	
                	
  -­‐	
  Nutrient	
  Emissions;	
   	
            	
  	
  	
  	
  
             	
                	
  -­‐	
  Waste	
  GeneraZon	
  
WEBCOR
World	
  Resource	
  Ins+tute	
  (WRI)	
  Scope	
  3	
  Road-­‐test	
                                           CONSULTING
                                                                                                                    GROUP




• 	
  	
  70+	
  companies	
  parZcipated	
  in	
  road-­‐test	
  

• 	
  	
  ConstrucZon	
  Industry	
  road-­‐test	
  required	
  new	
  rules:	
  

       -­‐	
  	
  Building	
  use	
  and	
  end-­‐of-­‐life	
  included	
  for	
  “key	
  turnover”	
  in	
  
                    	
  given	
  year	
  

       -­‐	
  	
  All	
  construcZon	
  electricity	
  included	
  (even	
  if	
  not	
  paid	
  for)	
  

       -­‐	
  	
  50	
  year	
  building	
  lifespan	
  

       -­‐	
  	
  Only	
  representaZon	
  from	
  the	
  ConstrucZon	
  Industry	
  
WEBCOR
Greenhouse	
  Gas	
  (GHG)	
  Impact	
  Assessments	
                               CONSULTING
                                                                                        GROUP



USGBC	
  and	
  GHG	
  
   –  Pilot	
  Carbon/GHG	
  credit	
  for	
  scope	
  3	
  
       •  LEED	
  2012	
  to	
  include	
  Carbon/GHG	
  
       •  RaZng	
  system	
  to	
  evaluate	
  GHG	
  throughout	
  MR	
  credit	
  secZons	
  

   –  Process	
  GHG	
  prescripZve	
  tools:	
  Athena,	
  BEES	
  (Building	
  for	
  Economic	
  
      and	
  Environmental	
  Sustainability),	
  GaBi	
  	
  

   –  Input-­‐Output	
  Hybrid	
  performance	
  based	
  tool:	
  Webcor/Climate	
  Earth	
  
WEBCOR
SF	
  Public	
  U+li+es	
  Commission	
  HQ	
  –	
  LEED	
  Pla+num	
            CONSULTING
                                                                                     GROUP




                                                              To	
  the	
  best	
  of	
  our	
  
                                                              knowledge,	
  SFPUC	
  is	
  the	
  
                                                              1st	
  US	
  project	
  requiring	
  
                                                              Carbon	
  AccounZng	
  
                                                              (GHG)	
  for	
  construcZon	
  
                                                              materials	
  and	
  related	
  
                                                              acZviZes.	
  
WEBCOR
Where’s	
  the	
  Carbon?	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CONSULTING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GROUP




                              Typical	
  Embodied	
  Carbon	
  vs.	
  OperaZonal	
  Carbon	
  
                              120%	
  

                              100%	
  
 Total	
  Carbon	
  (%)	
  




                               80%	
  

                               60%	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OperaZonal	
  Carbon	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Embodied	
  Carbon	
  
                               40%	
  

                               20%	
  

                                 0%	
  
                                           10	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     20	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     30	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     40	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     50	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  


                                                                  Building	
  Lifespan	
  (yrs)	
  
WEBCOR
San	
  Francisco	
  Public	
  U+li+es	
  Commission	
                       CONSULTING
                                                                                GROUP




                                               •    Raised	
  Access	
  Floors	
  
                                               •    LighZng	
  Controls	
  
                                               •    Operable	
  windows	
  	
  
                                               •    On-­‐Site	
  Power	
  GeneraZon	
  
                                                     –  Wind	
  	
  
                                                     –  Photo-­‐Voltaic	
  Panels	
  
                                               •  60%	
  Energy	
  ReducZon	
  
                                               •  40%	
  On-­‐site	
  GeneraZon	
  
                                               •  Net-­‐zero	
  energy	
  building	
  

                                                                                        28	
  
WEBCOR
Where’s	
  the	
  Carbon?	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     CONSULTING
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GROUP




                               SFPUC	
  Embodied	
  Carbon	
  vs.	
  OperaZonal	
  Carbon	
  
                              120%	
  

                              100%	
  
 Total	
  Carbon	
  (%)	
  




                               80%	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Opera+onal	
  Carbon	
  
                               60%	
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Embodied	
  Carbon	
  
                               40%	
  

                               20%	
  

                                 0%	
  
                                           10	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     20	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     30	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     40	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     50	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




                                                                  Building	
  Lifespan	
  (yrs)	
  
WEBCOR
Environmental	
  Metrics	
  for	
  Strategic	
  Decisions	
                                                            CONSULTING
                                                                                                                           GROUP




                                        Builder:	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                cost	
  and	
  schedule	
  	
  	
  


        Engineer:	
                                                                                     Marketplace:	
  	
  	
  	
  
    specifica+on	
  and	
                                                                             means,	
  methods	
  and	
  
      requirements	
                                                                                     products	
  


                               Carbon	
  Account:	
  
                               methodology	
  and	
  
                                 compliance	
  
WEBCOR
Innova+ve	
  Structural	
  Systems	
  (new	
  ways	
  to	
  build)	
             CONSULTING
                                                                                     GROUP




       Core	
  wall	
  structures	
                Core	
  wall	
  revealing	
  verZcal	
  PT	
  
                                                             cable	
  orientaZon	
  
WEBCOR
New	
  Ways	
  to	
  Build	
  With	
  New	
  Systems	
                    CONSULTING
                                                                              GROUP




                                                           •  Core	
  walls	
  with	
  
                                                              verZcal	
  PT	
  
                                                              systems	
  
                                                           •  Superior	
  
                                                              seismic	
  
                                                              resistance	
  
                                                           •  Reduced	
  costs	
  
                                                           •  Reduced	
  
                                                              material	
  
                                                           •  Reduced	
  
                                                              carbon	
  
WEBCOR
Iden+fying	
  Carbon	
  Material	
  Impact	
     CONSULTING
                                                     GROUP
WEBCOR
SFPUC	
  –	
  The	
  Numbers	
  That	
  Count!	
             CONSULTING
                                                                 GROUP




        Total Estimated lbs CO2 eq Reduction         7,363,042
        Total Estimated tons CO2 eq Reduction        3,682
WEBCOR
SFPUC	
  Carbon	
  Data	
                                                          CONSULTING
                                                                                       GROUP




              Structural	
  Concrete	
  Material	
  Impact	
  


           14.99M	
  lbs	
  CO2	
                          CO2	
  reduced	
  by	
  49%	
  


                                                          7.36M	
               7.63M	
  
                                                         lbs	
  CO2	
          lbs	
  CO2	
  

        Tradi+onal	
  Carbon	
  Concrete	
  Design	
  
        Low	
  Carbon	
  Concrete	
  Design	
  
        Carbon	
  Savings	
  
WEBCOR
New	
  Ways	
  to	
  Build	
  with	
  New	
  Materials	
                                           CONSULTING
(making	
  carbon	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  equa+on)	
                                                   GROUP




                                                                     •  High-­‐performance	
  
                                                                        concrete	
  structure	
  
                                                                     •  40%	
  less	
  carbon	
  
                                                                        from	
  rebar	
  
                                                                     •  49%	
  less	
  carbon	
  
                                                                        from	
  concrete	
  
                                                                     •  63%	
  less	
  carbon	
  
                                                                        from	
  framing	
  and	
  
                                                                        drywall	
  
  **Note:	
  Equivalent	
  to	
  annual	
  electricity	
  and	
  natural	
  gas	
  for	
  ~600	
  PG&E	
  homes.	
  
WEBCOR
Virtual	
  Building	
  (VB)	
  &	
  	
                         CONSULTING
Building	
  Informa+on	
  Modeling	
  (BIM)	
                      GROUP




Enables	
  Integrated	
  Approach:	
  
•  5D	
  Cost	
  Analysis	
  Modeling	
  
•  4D	
  Schedule	
  Process	
  Modeling	
  
•  3D	
  Product	
  Quality	
  Modeling	
  
•  Sustainability	
  Modeling	
  (Energy	
  &	
  Carbon)	
  
•  As-­‐Built	
  FaciliZes	
  Management	
  
WEBCOR
Virtual	
  Building	
  (VB)	
  –	
  Modeling	
  Evolu+on	
                                              CONSULTING
                                                                                                            GROUP


Mul+dimensional	
  BIM	
  -­‐	
  unlimited	
  data	
  capacity	
  


                                                                                                            Schedule	
  
             Concrete Column in
             the model                                                                             Es+mate	
  

                                                                                     Energy	
  Modeling	
  Data	
  


                                                                      Carbon	
  &	
  GHG	
  Accoun+ng	
  
 • 	
  MulZdimensional	
  –	
  Features	
  
        -­‐	
  Schedule	
  
        -­‐	
  EsZmate	
  
        -­‐	
  Sustainability	
  
        -­‐	
  Energy	
  Modeling	
  
        -­‐	
  Carbon	
  AccounZng	
  
 • 	
  MulZdimensional	
  -­‐	
  Benefits	
  
        -­‐	
  VisualizaZon	
          -­‐	
  Be/er	
  planning	
  
        -­‐	
  CommunicaZon	
          -­‐	
  Be/er	
  execuZon	
  
        -­‐	
  Time	
  savings	
       -­‐	
  More	
  value	
  
WEBCOR
California	
  Memorial	
  Stadium	
  –	
  LEED	
  Gold	
                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                             GROUP


                                                         • 	
  	
  Siesmic	
  retrofit	
  
                                                         • 	
  	
  New	
  structural	
  components	
  
                                                         • 	
  	
  Divided	
  by	
  Hayward	
  fault	
  line	
  
                                                         • 	
  	
  Compressed	
  construcZon	
  
                                                         sequence:	
  Dec	
  2010	
  –	
  July	
  2012	
  
                                                         • 	
  Enterprise	
  Carbon	
  AccounZng	
  	
  for	
  
                                                         ConstrucZon	
  materials	
  and	
  
                                                         acZviZes	
  	
  	
  
WEBCOR
Park	
  Merced	
  –	
  LEED	
  ND	
  Pla+num	
                                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                                   GROUP


                                                   • 	
  	
  Use	
  and	
  ConstrucZon	
  Phase	
  Carbon	
  
                                                   AccounZng	
  
                                                   • 	
  	
  195-­‐acre	
  development	
  
                                                   • 	
  	
  Over	
  8,800	
  units	
  
                                                   • 	
  	
  Mass-­‐transit	
  throughout	
  site	
  
                                                   • 	
  	
  Self-­‐sustaining	
  development	
  
                                                   • 	
  	
  LEED-­‐ND	
  PlaZnum	
  
WEBCOR
     San	
  Francisco	
  Transbay	
  Transit	
  Center	
  -­‐	
  LEED	
  Gold	
     CONSULTING
                                                                                        GROUP

•      “Grand	
  Central	
  StaZon	
  of	
  the	
  
       West”	
  

•      $4	
  billion	
  program	
  to	
  replace	
  
       exisZng	
  terminal	
  with	
  a	
  modern	
  
       regional	
  transit	
  hub	
  

•      Five-­‐story	
  Transit	
  Center	
  with	
  one	
  
       above-­‐grade	
  bus	
  level,	
  ground-­‐
       floor,	
  concourse,	
  and	
  two	
  below-­‐
       grade	
  rail	
  levels	
  serving	
  Caltrain	
  
       and	
  the	
  future	
  California	
  High	
  
       Speed	
  Rail.	
  It	
  will	
  also	
  include	
  a	
  
       5.4	
  acre	
  public	
  roouop	
  park.	
  	
  

•      LEED-­‐NC	
  Gold	
  
WEBCOR
GHG	
  Performance	
  Dashboard	
     CONSULTING
                                          GROUP
WEBCOR
GHG	
  Pornolio	
  Performance	
  by	
  Loca+on	
  	
     CONSULTING
                                                              GROUP
WEBCOR
Carbon	
  Leadership	
  Forum	
  (CLF)	
                                                                                 CONSULTING
                                                                                                                             GROUP




• 	
  	
  Chair:	
  Kate	
  Simonen,	
  Assistant	
  Professor	
  of	
  Architecture,	
  College	
  of	
  Built	
  Environments	
  

• 	
  	
  IniZal	
  Members:	
  
              Webcor	
           	
          	
  Climate	
  Earth           	
  Design	
  Avenues	
  
              L+U	
  Architects 	
           	
  EHDD	
  Architects         	
  Eco	
  Building	
  Network	
  
              Tipping	
  Mar 	
              	
  MKA	
  	
    	
            	
  Serious	
  Materials	
  	
  
              Central	
  Concrete	
  	
      	
  Navitas	
  Capital	
  

• 	
  	
  Partnerships	
  and	
  collaboraZon	
  between:	
  501c3	
  non-­‐profit,	
  research,	
  &	
  for-­‐profit	
  organizaZons	
  
                                                                                        Website:	
  www.carbonleadershipforum.org	
  
WEBCOR
Builds	
  World	
  Class	
  Customers	
  &	
  Increases	
  Leadership	
  Technology	
     CONSULTING
                                                                                              GROUP




                  Research	
                                                 Standards	
  


                                        Visionary	
  Technology	
  
                                        Sustained	
  Leadership	
  




                                                  Industry	
  
 	
  NRMCA 	
                 	
         	
          	
  	
  	
  April	
  
   	
  	
  USGBC:	
  Federal	
  Summit	
  Washington	
  DC 	
  	
  	
  May	
  
   	
  	
  World	
  Resource	
  Ins+tute       	
          	
  	
  	
  June	
  

	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  GSA	
  Region	
  IX	
   	
      	
                   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  July	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Carbon	
  Leadership	
  Forum   	
                   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Aug	
  

 	
  	
  	
  EPA	
  Region	
  IX	
  August                 	
               	
  	
  	
  	
  Sept	
  
 	
  	
  	
  ACI	
  Na+onal	
  Mtg 	
                      	
               	
  	
  	
  	
  Oct	
  
 	
  	
  	
  USGBC	
  GreenBuild 	
                        	
               	
  	
  	
  	
  Nov	
  




                                                                  SF	
  AIA	
  COTE	
  	
  2011	
  

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Reducing Embodied Carbon - COTE 3/8/2011

  • 1. REDUCING CO2E IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT San  Francisco  AIA  Commi/ee  on  the  Environment   Presenters Phil Williams – Webcor Builders David Mar – Tipping Mar, Structural Engineers Larry Strain – Siegel & Strain Architects
  • 2. REDUCING CO2E IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Learning Objectives   Relationship between embodied carbon and operating carbon   How to reduce embodied carbon – material selection, local resources, construction processes   Review existing resources for calculating embodied carbon.   The importance of embodied carbon and CO2 2030 reduction goals
  • 3. SF  AIA  COTE     Carbon  Accoun+ng  and  Reduc+on  in   the  Built  Environment March,  2011  
  • 4. WEBCOR Webcor  Builders  Sustainability  Ranking  &  Results   CONSULTING GROUP •  ENR  #1  Green  Builder  by  volume:  2010  –  95%,  2009  –  90%,  2008  –  84%,   2007  –  79%   •  Largest  West  Coast  commercial  contractor  in  California  2009,  08,  07,  06   •  26.1  Million  square  feet  of  LEED  projects  in  California   •  $6.5  Billion  of  LEED  projects  in  California   •  First  General  Contractor  to  report  scope  1,2  and  3  Carbon  Emissions   •  Only  ConstrucZon  firm  to  parZcipate  in  the  World  Resources  InsZtute  (WRI)   Scope  3  Greenhouse  Gas  (GHG)  emission  Road  TesZng  program   SFPUC   CA  Academy  of  Sciences   Cal  Memorial  Stadium   Transbay  Transit  Center   LEED-­‐Pla+num   LEED-­‐Pla+num   LEED-­‐Gold   LEED-­‐Gold  
  • 5. WEBCOR Consump+on:  It’s  in  the  Buildings   CONSULTING GROUP Construc+on  Material   US  Energy  Consump+on   Energy  Consump+on   Materials   Industry 33% 12%   Transporta+on   28%   Buildings 39% Building  opera+on    =  39%   Construc+on  material    =  12%   Built  Environment    =  51%   **Source:  US  Energy  Informa+on  
  • 6. WEBCOR Webcor’s  Scope  1  and  2  GHG  Inventory   CONSULTING GROUP 1st  General  Contractor  to  report  Scopes  1  &  2  to  CA  Climate  Registry   GHG  Emissions  NOT  related  to   construc+on  
  • 7. WEBCOR Webcor  Comprehensive  CFP     CONSULTING GROUP Webcor’s Comprehensive Carbon Footprint 0.44% Job Related Costs of Construction Everything Else 99.63% =  0.44%   Scopes 1,2, & 3 Scope  1  &  2  
  • 8. WEBCOR Where’s  the  Carbon?   CONSULTING GROUP TradiZonal  approximaZon  Material  Carbon  vs.  OperaZonal  Carbon   120%   100%   Total  Carbon  (%)   80%   60%   OperaZonal  Carbon   Embodied  Carbon   40%   20%   0%   10                       20                       30                       40                       50                       Building  Lifespan  (yrs)  
  • 9. WEBCOR Where’s  the  Carbon?   CONSULTING GROUP TradiZonal  approximaZon  Material  Carbon  vs.  OperaZonal  Carbon   120%   100%   Total  Carbon  (%)   80%   Opera+onal  Carbon   60%   Embodied  Carbon   40%   20%   0%   10                       20                       30                       40                       50                       Building  Lifespan  (yrs)  
  • 10. WEBCOR Where’s  the  Carbon?   CONSULTING GROUP 120%   Building  Materials   100%   Interiors  (Drywall,  carpet,  ceilings)   Total  Carbon  (%)   80%   Mechanical,  Electrical,  Plumbing   60%   Envelope  (Curtainwall,  glazing,  roof)   40%   20%   Structure  (Steel,  concrete)   0%   10                       20                       30                       40                       50                       Building  Lifespan  (yrs)  
  • 11. WEBCOR Webcor  LEED  Credit  Frequency  Matrix   CONSULTING GROUP
  • 12. WEBCOR Understanding  What  Works  &  Where   CONSULTING LEED  Credit  Frequency  Matrix   GROUP Sustainable Site credit 4.3 – Alternative Transportation: Low-Emitting & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 96% Water Efficiency credit 3.1 – Water Use Reduction 98% Energy & Atmosphere credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning 87% Materials & Resources credit 2.2: Construction Waste Management: Divert 75% 100% Indoor Environmental Quality credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings 93% Innovation & Design credit 2: LEED AP 100%
  • 13. WEBCOR Park  Merced  LEED-­‐ND  Pla+num   CONSULTING GROUP •     Use  and  ConstrucZon  Phase  Carbon   AccounZng   •     195-­‐acre  development   •     Over  8,800  units   •     Mass-­‐transit  throughout  site   •     Self-­‐sustaining  development   •     LEED-­‐ND  PlaZnum  
  • 14. WEBCOR Webcor  Carbon  Footprint  Summaries   CONSULTING GROUP Calculations of Embodied Energy and LCA to find total Carbon Footprint of a Building. Identifying the Global Warming Potential (GWP) based on amount and type of Comparison of the GWP (lbs of carbon per sqft) between materials used in the Building components. a Base Case building and a more Sustainably14   constructed Building known as the Green Case.
  • 15. WEBCOR GHG  Emissions  Fall  into  Three  Categories     CONSULTING GROUP SCOPE  3   SCOPE  1   SCOPE  3   (Indirect:  Upstream)   (Direct:  Company  Owned)   (Indirect:  Downstream)   SCOPE  2     (Indirect:  Electricity)  
  • 16. WEBCOR Challenges  to  Achieving  Comprehensive  Picture   CONSULTING GROUP The  current  paradigm  is  complicated,  Zme-­‐consuming,  incomplete…   Example…
  • 17. WEBCOR Challenges  to  Achieving  Comprehensive  Picture   CONSULTING GROUP Assumed  System  Boundary   Land  use   Coal  Mining   Oil   change   ExploraZon   Lime   Coal   Water   Refrigerant   Electricity   Trucking   Water   Cement   Sheet  Metal   HVAC   Concrete  
  • 18. WEBCOR Challenges  to  Achieving  Comprehensive  Picture   CONSULTING GROUP Cut-­‐off   Assumed  System  Boundary   Land  use   Coal  Mining   Oil   CPU   change   ExploraZon   Lime   Coal   Water   Refrigerant   Electricity   Trucking   Water   Cement   Sheet  Metal   HVAC   Concrete   Dyes   Blast  Furnace   Mining   Chemicals  
  • 19. WEBCOR Challenges  to  Achieving  Comprehensive  Picture   CONSULTING GROUP Capital  Goods   Infrastructure   Maintenance       Machinery   Equipment   Cut-­‐off   Assumed  System  Boundary   Land  use   Coal  Mining   Oil   CPU   change   ExploraZon   Lime   Coal   Water   Refrigerant   Electricity   Trucking   Water   Cement   Sheet  Metal   HVAC   Concrete   Dyes   Blast  Furnace   Mining   Chemicals  
  • 20. WEBCOR Challenges  to  Achieving  Comprehensive  Picture   CONSULTING GROUP Capital  Goods   General  Overhead   Infrastructure   Maintenance       Office  Paper   Machinery   Equipment   Corporate   Travel   Cut-­‐off   Assumed  System  Boundary   AdverZsing   Land  use   Coal  Mining   Oil   Building   Mining   change   ExploraZon   Maintenance   Lime   Coal   Water   Refrigerant   Electricity   Trucking   Water   Concrete   Sheet  Metal   HVAC   Ready  Mix   Dyes   Blast  Furnace   Sand   Chemicals  
  • 21. WEBCOR Hybrid  LCA  Methodology  Comparison   CONSULTING GROUP Process   Input/Output   Ideal   Boeom  Up   Top  Down  
  • 22. WEBCOR Top-­‐Down  Hybrid  LCA   CONSULTING GROUP Screening  Followed  by  Strategic  Refinement  and  Data  Collec:on   Scope  1   Subs+tu+on   GHG  Factors   Diesel 5,349 (gallons,  therms)   (kg-­‐CO2eq/gal)   kg CO2eq Fuel  Purchases  ($)   Scope  3   GHG  Factors   893 (kg-­‐CO2eq/$)   Diesel kg CO2eq Scope  2   Electricity     Subs+tu+on   GHG  Factors   Facility B 1,583 (kWh)   (kg-­‐CO2eq/kWh)   kg CO2eq                    Purchases  ($)   Scope  3   98,232 Fabric Materials  &     GHG  Factors   kg CO2eq (kg-­‐CO2eq/$)                        Services  ($)   Insurance 23,115 kg CO2eq 93,210 Transit kg CO2eq
  • 23. WEBCOR The  Science  Behind  CEDA   CONSULTING GROUP Core  Database  is  CEDA  (Comprehensive  Environmental  Data  Archive):   •  Derived  from  EPA  and  BEA  environmental  and  economic  databases   •  InternaZonally  peer  reviewed      -­‐  Used  by  Dept.  of  Commerce,  EPA,  NIST,  European  Commission,  BEES   •  Baseline  for  comprehensive    and  rapid  insights  into  all  supply  chain  Zers      -­‐  A  unique  commodity  based  I/0  structure   •  Includes:      -­‐  GHG  Emissions      -­‐  Resource  consumpZon  (including:  water,  land  &  energy  use)              -­‐  Toxins;        -­‐  PM  Emissions;        -­‐  Ozone  DepleZng  Substances;        -­‐  Nutrient  Emissions;                -­‐  Waste  GeneraZon  
  • 24. WEBCOR World  Resource  Ins+tute  (WRI)  Scope  3  Road-­‐test   CONSULTING GROUP •     70+  companies  parZcipated  in  road-­‐test   •     ConstrucZon  Industry  road-­‐test  required  new  rules:   -­‐    Building  use  and  end-­‐of-­‐life  included  for  “key  turnover”  in    given  year   -­‐    All  construcZon  electricity  included  (even  if  not  paid  for)   -­‐    50  year  building  lifespan   -­‐    Only  representaZon  from  the  ConstrucZon  Industry  
  • 25. WEBCOR Greenhouse  Gas  (GHG)  Impact  Assessments   CONSULTING GROUP USGBC  and  GHG   –  Pilot  Carbon/GHG  credit  for  scope  3   •  LEED  2012  to  include  Carbon/GHG   •  RaZng  system  to  evaluate  GHG  throughout  MR  credit  secZons   –  Process  GHG  prescripZve  tools:  Athena,  BEES  (Building  for  Economic   and  Environmental  Sustainability),  GaBi     –  Input-­‐Output  Hybrid  performance  based  tool:  Webcor/Climate  Earth  
  • 26. WEBCOR SF  Public  U+li+es  Commission  HQ  –  LEED  Pla+num   CONSULTING GROUP To  the  best  of  our   knowledge,  SFPUC  is  the   1st  US  project  requiring   Carbon  AccounZng   (GHG)  for  construcZon   materials  and  related   acZviZes.  
  • 27. WEBCOR Where’s  the  Carbon?   CONSULTING GROUP Typical  Embodied  Carbon  vs.  OperaZonal  Carbon   120%   100%   Total  Carbon  (%)   80%   60%   OperaZonal  Carbon   Embodied  Carbon   40%   20%   0%   10                       20                       30                       40                       50                       Building  Lifespan  (yrs)  
  • 28. WEBCOR San  Francisco  Public  U+li+es  Commission   CONSULTING GROUP •  Raised  Access  Floors   •  LighZng  Controls   •  Operable  windows     •  On-­‐Site  Power  GeneraZon   –  Wind     –  Photo-­‐Voltaic  Panels   •  60%  Energy  ReducZon   •  40%  On-­‐site  GeneraZon   •  Net-­‐zero  energy  building   28  
  • 29. WEBCOR Where’s  the  Carbon?   CONSULTING GROUP SFPUC  Embodied  Carbon  vs.  OperaZonal  Carbon   120%   100%   Total  Carbon  (%)   80%   Opera+onal  Carbon   60%   Embodied  Carbon   40%   20%   0%   10                       20                       30                       40                       50                       Building  Lifespan  (yrs)  
  • 30. WEBCOR Environmental  Metrics  for  Strategic  Decisions   CONSULTING GROUP Builder:                             cost  and  schedule       Engineer:   Marketplace:         specifica+on  and   means,  methods  and   requirements   products   Carbon  Account:   methodology  and   compliance  
  • 31. WEBCOR Innova+ve  Structural  Systems  (new  ways  to  build)   CONSULTING GROUP Core  wall  structures   Core  wall  revealing  verZcal  PT   cable  orientaZon  
  • 32. WEBCOR New  Ways  to  Build  With  New  Systems   CONSULTING GROUP •  Core  walls  with   verZcal  PT   systems   •  Superior   seismic   resistance   •  Reduced  costs   •  Reduced   material   •  Reduced   carbon  
  • 33. WEBCOR Iden+fying  Carbon  Material  Impact   CONSULTING GROUP
  • 34. WEBCOR SFPUC  –  The  Numbers  That  Count!   CONSULTING GROUP Total Estimated lbs CO2 eq Reduction 7,363,042 Total Estimated tons CO2 eq Reduction 3,682
  • 35. WEBCOR SFPUC  Carbon  Data   CONSULTING GROUP Structural  Concrete  Material  Impact   14.99M  lbs  CO2   CO2  reduced  by  49%   7.36M   7.63M   lbs  CO2   lbs  CO2   Tradi+onal  Carbon  Concrete  Design   Low  Carbon  Concrete  Design   Carbon  Savings  
  • 36. WEBCOR New  Ways  to  Build  with  New  Materials   CONSULTING (making  carbon  part  of  the  equa+on)   GROUP •  High-­‐performance   concrete  structure   •  40%  less  carbon   from  rebar   •  49%  less  carbon   from  concrete   •  63%  less  carbon   from  framing  and   drywall   **Note:  Equivalent  to  annual  electricity  and  natural  gas  for  ~600  PG&E  homes.  
  • 37. WEBCOR Virtual  Building  (VB)  &     CONSULTING Building  Informa+on  Modeling  (BIM)   GROUP Enables  Integrated  Approach:   •  5D  Cost  Analysis  Modeling   •  4D  Schedule  Process  Modeling   •  3D  Product  Quality  Modeling   •  Sustainability  Modeling  (Energy  &  Carbon)   •  As-­‐Built  FaciliZes  Management  
  • 38. WEBCOR Virtual  Building  (VB)  –  Modeling  Evolu+on   CONSULTING GROUP Mul+dimensional  BIM  -­‐  unlimited  data  capacity   Schedule   Concrete Column in the model Es+mate   Energy  Modeling  Data   Carbon  &  GHG  Accoun+ng   •   MulZdimensional  –  Features   -­‐  Schedule   -­‐  EsZmate   -­‐  Sustainability   -­‐  Energy  Modeling   -­‐  Carbon  AccounZng   •   MulZdimensional  -­‐  Benefits   -­‐  VisualizaZon   -­‐  Be/er  planning   -­‐  CommunicaZon   -­‐  Be/er  execuZon   -­‐  Time  savings   -­‐  More  value  
  • 39. WEBCOR California  Memorial  Stadium  –  LEED  Gold   CONSULTING GROUP •     Siesmic  retrofit   •     New  structural  components   •     Divided  by  Hayward  fault  line   •     Compressed  construcZon   sequence:  Dec  2010  –  July  2012   •   Enterprise  Carbon  AccounZng    for   ConstrucZon  materials  and   acZviZes      
  • 40. WEBCOR Park  Merced  –  LEED  ND  Pla+num   CONSULTING GROUP •     Use  and  ConstrucZon  Phase  Carbon   AccounZng   •     195-­‐acre  development   •     Over  8,800  units   •     Mass-­‐transit  throughout  site   •     Self-­‐sustaining  development   •     LEED-­‐ND  PlaZnum  
  • 41. WEBCOR San  Francisco  Transbay  Transit  Center  -­‐  LEED  Gold   CONSULTING GROUP •  “Grand  Central  StaZon  of  the   West”   •  $4  billion  program  to  replace   exisZng  terminal  with  a  modern   regional  transit  hub   •  Five-­‐story  Transit  Center  with  one   above-­‐grade  bus  level,  ground-­‐ floor,  concourse,  and  two  below-­‐ grade  rail  levels  serving  Caltrain   and  the  future  California  High   Speed  Rail.  It  will  also  include  a   5.4  acre  public  roouop  park.     •  LEED-­‐NC  Gold  
  • 43. WEBCOR GHG  Pornolio  Performance  by  Loca+on     CONSULTING GROUP
  • 44. WEBCOR Carbon  Leadership  Forum  (CLF)   CONSULTING GROUP •     Chair:  Kate  Simonen,  Assistant  Professor  of  Architecture,  College  of  Built  Environments   •     IniZal  Members:   Webcor      Climate  Earth  Design  Avenues   L+U  Architects    EHDD  Architects  Eco  Building  Network   Tipping  Mar    MKA        Serious  Materials     Central  Concrete      Navitas  Capital   •     Partnerships  and  collaboraZon  between:  501c3  non-­‐profit,  research,  &  for-­‐profit  organizaZons   Website:  www.carbonleadershipforum.org  
  • 45. WEBCOR Builds  World  Class  Customers  &  Increases  Leadership  Technology   CONSULTING GROUP Research   Standards   Visionary  Technology   Sustained  Leadership   Industry  
  • 46.    NRMCA            April      USGBC:  Federal  Summit  Washington  DC      May      World  Resource  Ins+tute        June            GSA  Region  IX                  July            Carbon  Leadership  Forum              Aug        EPA  Region  IX  August          Sept        ACI  Na+onal  Mtg            Oct        USGBC  GreenBuild            Nov   SF  AIA  COTE    2011