Reducing Embodied Carbon in the built environment will play an increasingly important role in reducing overall carbon emissions over the next 20 years. For buildings, the focus has mostly been on reducing emissions by reducing the use of fossil fuels for operating energy. But we also need to reduce the carbon emissions embodied in the materials and resulting from the construction phase. As buildings become more efficient to operate, the embodied energy and emissions from materials and construction becomes an increasingly significant portion of total GHG emissions.
Designing for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teams
Reducing Embodied Carbon - COTE 3/8/2011
1. REDUCING CO2E IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
San
Francisco
AIA
Commi/ee
on
the
Environment
Presenters
Phil Williams – Webcor Builders
David Mar – Tipping Mar, Structural Engineers
Larry Strain – Siegel & Strain Architects
2. REDUCING CO2E IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Learning Objectives
Relationship between embodied carbon and operating
carbon
How to reduce embodied carbon – material selection,
local resources, construction processes
Review existing resources for calculating embodied
carbon.
The importance of embodied carbon and CO2 2030
reduction goals
3. SF
AIA
COTE
Carbon
Accoun+ng
and
Reduc+on
in
the
Built
Environment
March,
2011
4. WEBCOR
Webcor
Builders
Sustainability
Ranking
&
Results
CONSULTING
GROUP
• ENR
#1
Green
Builder
by
volume:
2010
–
95%,
2009
–
90%,
2008
–
84%,
2007
–
79%
• Largest
West
Coast
commercial
contractor
in
California
2009,
08,
07,
06
• 26.1
Million
square
feet
of
LEED
projects
in
California
• $6.5
Billion
of
LEED
projects
in
California
• First
General
Contractor
to
report
scope
1,2
and
3
Carbon
Emissions
• Only
ConstrucZon
firm
to
parZcipate
in
the
World
Resources
InsZtute
(WRI)
Scope
3
Greenhouse
Gas
(GHG)
emission
Road
TesZng
program
SFPUC
CA
Academy
of
Sciences
Cal
Memorial
Stadium
Transbay
Transit
Center
LEED-‐Pla+num
LEED-‐Pla+num
LEED-‐Gold
LEED-‐Gold
5. WEBCOR
Consump+on:
It’s
in
the
Buildings
CONSULTING
GROUP
Construc+on
Material
US
Energy
Consump+on
Energy
Consump+on
Materials
Industry
33%
12%
Transporta+on
28%
Buildings
39%
Building
opera+on
=
39%
Construc+on
material
=
12%
Built
Environment
=
51%
**Source:
US
Energy
Informa+on
6. WEBCOR
Webcor’s
Scope
1
and
2
GHG
Inventory
CONSULTING
GROUP
1st
General
Contractor
to
report
Scopes
1
&
2
to
CA
Climate
Registry
GHG
Emissions
NOT
related
to
construc+on
7. WEBCOR
Webcor
Comprehensive
CFP
CONSULTING
GROUP
Webcor’s Comprehensive Carbon
Footprint
0.44%
Job Related Costs of
Construction
Everything Else
99.63%
=
0.44%
Scopes 1,2, & 3
Scope
1
&
2
8. WEBCOR
Where’s
the
Carbon?
CONSULTING
GROUP
TradiZonal
approximaZon
Material
Carbon
vs.
OperaZonal
Carbon
120%
100%
Total
Carbon
(%)
80%
60%
OperaZonal
Carbon
Embodied
Carbon
40%
20%
0%
10
20
30
40
50
Building
Lifespan
(yrs)
9. WEBCOR
Where’s
the
Carbon?
CONSULTING
GROUP
TradiZonal
approximaZon
Material
Carbon
vs.
OperaZonal
Carbon
120%
100%
Total
Carbon
(%)
80%
Opera+onal
Carbon
60%
Embodied
Carbon
40%
20%
0%
10
20
30
40
50
Building
Lifespan
(yrs)
10. WEBCOR
Where’s
the
Carbon?
CONSULTING
GROUP
120%
Building
Materials
100%
Interiors
(Drywall,
carpet,
ceilings)
Total
Carbon
(%)
80%
Mechanical,
Electrical,
Plumbing
60%
Envelope
(Curtainwall,
glazing,
roof)
40%
20%
Structure
(Steel,
concrete)
0%
10
20
30
40
50
Building
Lifespan
(yrs)
12. WEBCOR
Understanding
What
Works
&
Where
CONSULTING
LEED
Credit
Frequency
Matrix
GROUP
Sustainable Site credit 4.3 – Alternative Transportation: Low-Emitting & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 96%
Water Efficiency credit 3.1 – Water Use Reduction 98%
Energy & Atmosphere credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning 87%
Materials & Resources credit 2.2: Construction Waste Management: Divert 75% 100%
Indoor Environmental Quality credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings 93%
Innovation & Design credit 2: LEED AP 100%
13. WEBCOR
Park
Merced
LEED-‐ND
Pla+num
CONSULTING
GROUP
•
Use
and
ConstrucZon
Phase
Carbon
AccounZng
•
195-‐acre
development
•
Over
8,800
units
•
Mass-‐transit
throughout
site
•
Self-‐sustaining
development
•
LEED-‐ND
PlaZnum
14. WEBCOR
Webcor
Carbon
Footprint
Summaries
CONSULTING
GROUP
Calculations of Embodied Energy and LCA to find total
Carbon Footprint of a Building. Identifying the Global
Warming Potential (GWP) based on amount and type of Comparison of the GWP (lbs of carbon per sqft) between
materials used in the Building components. a Base Case building and a more Sustainably14
constructed Building known as the Green Case.
15. WEBCOR
GHG
Emissions
Fall
into
Three
Categories
CONSULTING
GROUP
SCOPE
3
SCOPE
1
SCOPE
3
(Indirect:
Upstream)
(Direct:
Company
Owned)
(Indirect:
Downstream)
SCOPE
2
(Indirect:
Electricity)
16. WEBCOR
Challenges
to
Achieving
Comprehensive
Picture
CONSULTING
GROUP
The
current
paradigm
is
complicated,
Zme-‐consuming,
incomplete…
Example…
17. WEBCOR
Challenges
to
Achieving
Comprehensive
Picture
CONSULTING
GROUP
Assumed
System
Boundary
Land
use
Coal
Mining
Oil
change
ExploraZon
Lime
Coal
Water
Refrigerant
Electricity
Trucking
Water
Cement
Sheet
Metal
HVAC
Concrete
18. WEBCOR
Challenges
to
Achieving
Comprehensive
Picture
CONSULTING
GROUP
Cut-‐off
Assumed
System
Boundary
Land
use
Coal
Mining
Oil
CPU
change
ExploraZon
Lime
Coal
Water
Refrigerant
Electricity
Trucking
Water
Cement
Sheet
Metal
HVAC
Concrete
Dyes
Blast
Furnace
Mining
Chemicals
19. WEBCOR
Challenges
to
Achieving
Comprehensive
Picture
CONSULTING
GROUP
Capital
Goods
Infrastructure
Maintenance
Machinery
Equipment
Cut-‐off
Assumed
System
Boundary
Land
use
Coal
Mining
Oil
CPU
change
ExploraZon
Lime
Coal
Water
Refrigerant
Electricity
Trucking
Water
Cement
Sheet
Metal
HVAC
Concrete
Dyes
Blast
Furnace
Mining
Chemicals
20. WEBCOR
Challenges
to
Achieving
Comprehensive
Picture
CONSULTING
GROUP
Capital
Goods
General
Overhead
Infrastructure
Maintenance
Office
Paper
Machinery
Equipment
Corporate
Travel
Cut-‐off
Assumed
System
Boundary
AdverZsing
Land
use
Coal
Mining
Oil
Building
Mining
change
ExploraZon
Maintenance
Lime
Coal
Water
Refrigerant
Electricity
Trucking
Water
Concrete
Sheet
Metal
HVAC
Ready
Mix
Dyes
Blast
Furnace
Sand
Chemicals
22. WEBCOR
Top-‐Down
Hybrid
LCA
CONSULTING
GROUP
Screening
Followed
by
Strategic
Refinement
and
Data
Collec:on
Scope
1
Subs+tu+on
GHG
Factors
Diesel
5,349
(gallons,
therms)
(kg-‐CO2eq/gal)
kg CO2eq
Fuel
Purchases
($)
Scope
3
GHG
Factors
893
(kg-‐CO2eq/$)
Diesel
kg CO2eq
Scope
2
Electricity
Subs+tu+on
GHG
Factors
Facility B
1,583
(kWh)
(kg-‐CO2eq/kWh)
kg CO2eq
Purchases
($)
Scope
3
98,232
Fabric
Materials
&
GHG
Factors
kg CO2eq
(kg-‐CO2eq/$)
Services
($)
Insurance
23,115
kg CO2eq
93,210
Transit
kg CO2eq
23. WEBCOR
The
Science
Behind
CEDA
CONSULTING
GROUP
Core
Database
is
CEDA
(Comprehensive
Environmental
Data
Archive):
• Derived
from
EPA
and
BEA
environmental
and
economic
databases
• InternaZonally
peer
reviewed
-‐
Used
by
Dept.
of
Commerce,
EPA,
NIST,
European
Commission,
BEES
• Baseline
for
comprehensive
and
rapid
insights
into
all
supply
chain
Zers
-‐
A
unique
commodity
based
I/0
structure
• Includes:
-‐
GHG
Emissions
-‐
Resource
consumpZon
(including:
water,
land
&
energy
use)
-‐
Toxins;
-‐
PM
Emissions;
-‐
Ozone
DepleZng
Substances;
-‐
Nutrient
Emissions;
-‐
Waste
GeneraZon
24. WEBCOR
World
Resource
Ins+tute
(WRI)
Scope
3
Road-‐test
CONSULTING
GROUP
•
70+
companies
parZcipated
in
road-‐test
•
ConstrucZon
Industry
road-‐test
required
new
rules:
-‐
Building
use
and
end-‐of-‐life
included
for
“key
turnover”
in
given
year
-‐
All
construcZon
electricity
included
(even
if
not
paid
for)
-‐
50
year
building
lifespan
-‐
Only
representaZon
from
the
ConstrucZon
Industry
25. WEBCOR
Greenhouse
Gas
(GHG)
Impact
Assessments
CONSULTING
GROUP
USGBC
and
GHG
– Pilot
Carbon/GHG
credit
for
scope
3
• LEED
2012
to
include
Carbon/GHG
• RaZng
system
to
evaluate
GHG
throughout
MR
credit
secZons
– Process
GHG
prescripZve
tools:
Athena,
BEES
(Building
for
Economic
and
Environmental
Sustainability),
GaBi
– Input-‐Output
Hybrid
performance
based
tool:
Webcor/Climate
Earth
26. WEBCOR
SF
Public
U+li+es
Commission
HQ
–
LEED
Pla+num
CONSULTING
GROUP
To
the
best
of
our
knowledge,
SFPUC
is
the
1st
US
project
requiring
Carbon
AccounZng
(GHG)
for
construcZon
materials
and
related
acZviZes.
27. WEBCOR
Where’s
the
Carbon?
CONSULTING
GROUP
Typical
Embodied
Carbon
vs.
OperaZonal
Carbon
120%
100%
Total
Carbon
(%)
80%
60%
OperaZonal
Carbon
Embodied
Carbon
40%
20%
0%
10
20
30
40
50
Building
Lifespan
(yrs)
28. WEBCOR
San
Francisco
Public
U+li+es
Commission
CONSULTING
GROUP
• Raised
Access
Floors
• LighZng
Controls
• Operable
windows
• On-‐Site
Power
GeneraZon
– Wind
– Photo-‐Voltaic
Panels
• 60%
Energy
ReducZon
• 40%
On-‐site
GeneraZon
• Net-‐zero
energy
building
28
29. WEBCOR
Where’s
the
Carbon?
CONSULTING
GROUP
SFPUC
Embodied
Carbon
vs.
OperaZonal
Carbon
120%
100%
Total
Carbon
(%)
80%
Opera+onal
Carbon
60%
Embodied
Carbon
40%
20%
0%
10
20
30
40
50
Building
Lifespan
(yrs)
30. WEBCOR
Environmental
Metrics
for
Strategic
Decisions
CONSULTING
GROUP
Builder:
cost
and
schedule
Engineer:
Marketplace:
specifica+on
and
means,
methods
and
requirements
products
Carbon
Account:
methodology
and
compliance
31. WEBCOR
Innova+ve
Structural
Systems
(new
ways
to
build)
CONSULTING
GROUP
Core
wall
structures
Core
wall
revealing
verZcal
PT
cable
orientaZon
32. WEBCOR
New
Ways
to
Build
With
New
Systems
CONSULTING
GROUP
• Core
walls
with
verZcal
PT
systems
• Superior
seismic
resistance
• Reduced
costs
• Reduced
material
• Reduced
carbon
34. WEBCOR
SFPUC
–
The
Numbers
That
Count!
CONSULTING
GROUP
Total Estimated lbs CO2 eq Reduction 7,363,042
Total Estimated tons CO2 eq Reduction 3,682
35. WEBCOR
SFPUC
Carbon
Data
CONSULTING
GROUP
Structural
Concrete
Material
Impact
14.99M
lbs
CO2
CO2
reduced
by
49%
7.36M
7.63M
lbs
CO2
lbs
CO2
Tradi+onal
Carbon
Concrete
Design
Low
Carbon
Concrete
Design
Carbon
Savings
36. WEBCOR
New
Ways
to
Build
with
New
Materials
CONSULTING
(making
carbon
part
of
the
equa+on)
GROUP
• High-‐performance
concrete
structure
• 40%
less
carbon
from
rebar
• 49%
less
carbon
from
concrete
• 63%
less
carbon
from
framing
and
drywall
**Note:
Equivalent
to
annual
electricity
and
natural
gas
for
~600
PG&E
homes.
37. WEBCOR
Virtual
Building
(VB)
&
CONSULTING
Building
Informa+on
Modeling
(BIM)
GROUP
Enables
Integrated
Approach:
• 5D
Cost
Analysis
Modeling
• 4D
Schedule
Process
Modeling
• 3D
Product
Quality
Modeling
• Sustainability
Modeling
(Energy
&
Carbon)
• As-‐Built
FaciliZes
Management
38. WEBCOR
Virtual
Building
(VB)
–
Modeling
Evolu+on
CONSULTING
GROUP
Mul+dimensional
BIM
-‐
unlimited
data
capacity
Schedule
Concrete Column in
the model Es+mate
Energy
Modeling
Data
Carbon
&
GHG
Accoun+ng
•
MulZdimensional
–
Features
-‐
Schedule
-‐
EsZmate
-‐
Sustainability
-‐
Energy
Modeling
-‐
Carbon
AccounZng
•
MulZdimensional
-‐
Benefits
-‐
VisualizaZon
-‐
Be/er
planning
-‐
CommunicaZon
-‐
Be/er
execuZon
-‐
Time
savings
-‐
More
value
39. WEBCOR
California
Memorial
Stadium
–
LEED
Gold
CONSULTING
GROUP
•
Siesmic
retrofit
•
New
structural
components
•
Divided
by
Hayward
fault
line
•
Compressed
construcZon
sequence:
Dec
2010
–
July
2012
•
Enterprise
Carbon
AccounZng
for
ConstrucZon
materials
and
acZviZes
40. WEBCOR
Park
Merced
–
LEED
ND
Pla+num
CONSULTING
GROUP
•
Use
and
ConstrucZon
Phase
Carbon
AccounZng
•
195-‐acre
development
•
Over
8,800
units
•
Mass-‐transit
throughout
site
•
Self-‐sustaining
development
•
LEED-‐ND
PlaZnum
41. WEBCOR
San
Francisco
Transbay
Transit
Center
-‐
LEED
Gold
CONSULTING
GROUP
• “Grand
Central
StaZon
of
the
West”
• $4
billion
program
to
replace
exisZng
terminal
with
a
modern
regional
transit
hub
• Five-‐story
Transit
Center
with
one
above-‐grade
bus
level,
ground-‐
floor,
concourse,
and
two
below-‐
grade
rail
levels
serving
Caltrain
and
the
future
California
High
Speed
Rail.
It
will
also
include
a
5.4
acre
public
roouop
park.
• LEED-‐NC
Gold
44. WEBCOR
Carbon
Leadership
Forum
(CLF)
CONSULTING
GROUP
•
Chair:
Kate
Simonen,
Assistant
Professor
of
Architecture,
College
of
Built
Environments
•
IniZal
Members:
Webcor
Climate
Earth
Design
Avenues
L+U
Architects
EHDD
Architects
Eco
Building
Network
Tipping
Mar
MKA
Serious
Materials
Central
Concrete
Navitas
Capital
•
Partnerships
and
collaboraZon
between:
501c3
non-‐profit,
research,
&
for-‐profit
organizaZons
Website:
www.carbonleadershipforum.org
45. WEBCOR
Builds
World
Class
Customers
&
Increases
Leadership
Technology
CONSULTING
GROUP
Research
Standards
Visionary
Technology
Sustained
Leadership
Industry
46.
NRMCA
April
USGBC:
Federal
Summit
Washington
DC
May
World
Resource
Ins+tute
June
GSA
Region
IX
July
Carbon
Leadership
Forum
Aug
EPA
Region
IX
August
Sept
ACI
Na+onal
Mtg
Oct
USGBC
GreenBuild
Nov
SF
AIA
COTE
2011