1. Comparison of Learning and Teaching Visual Art
Education: Multimedia Applications among School and
University Students
By
Nurul Aina Bt Che Arifin
2013110407
ED 702
2. Contents
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem ............................................................................................ 5
1.3 Research Objective ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Research Question ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Research hypothesis ................................................................................................................... 7
1.6 Operational Definitions .............................................................................................................. 7
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................... 9
3. CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction
In an era of technology and interactive communication before in the run of vision 2020,
multimedia instruction is now general thing among of us. The variety of material and tool for
teaching and learning now available for provide educators quality in learning process. To
achieve the target of vision 2020 education system must use multimedia application in
learning process at the school and university to be equal with other countries. Multimedia is a
technique that combines data, text, images, graphic, animation, sound and video. It was also
something that we can setup control and changes it with our creativity thinking.
Following Tsuhan Chen’s definition (former IEEE Transactions on Multimedia journal’s
Editor-in-chief): “true multimedia is the combination of different elements (whether medium,
modality, technology, algorithm, or application) that provides a fuller experience of the effect
of the combination”. (Chen, Multimedia In Education, 2004).
Multimedia is one of the interactive technologies that encourages student to the quest for new
knowledge. Student can transferring their experience uses multimedia material like iPod,
laptop or computer as a visual stimulation into their learning to improve their memory and
increase interest to learning. Traditional classroom, using paper and pencil and listening to
teachers it seem very dull and boring be compared between learning with multimedia
material, student will do more work and better work because it use image, visual, and song
that will attract student pay more attention.
In the “Flat” world that the journalist Thomas L. Friedman describes in his influential book
“the secret sauce comes from our ability to integrate art, music, and literature with the hard
sciences”. “That’s what produces an iPod revolution or a Google. (Friedman)
Visual art play the important role in education and our life. It involves aspect of
understanding, appreciation and criticism. These processes affect the aesthetic sense and
creativity of individual in terms of perception and imagination. At the same time it also helps
student learn to value perspective and culture, something that is increasingly important in a
global society. It also has been shown to motivate student who might be at risk of dropping
out of school.
“With the arts, children learn to see,” said Eisner, Professor Emeritus of Child Education at
Stanford University. “We want our children to have basic skills. But they also will need
sophisticated cognition, and they can learn that through the visual arts.” (Eisner, 2008).
Nowadays with the advancement in multimedia technology, college students are often far
more skilled at using digital media in learning process compare with school students. These
scenarios happen because the uses of digital media among teachers at the school are very
limited and do not have complete equipment at school. Student expectation regarding using
interactive multimedia in the classroom is increased to have quality in education. Teachers
4. should also be prepared to face the multimedia era and add the skill of multimedia in order to
have an effective learning.
Teacher will feel that it difficult to teach use multimedia application than ever before, one of
the reason is that software technology is getting more complex. Current multimedia software
includes image editing such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe in Design,
drawing applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, 3D Item such as Adobe Premier, Avid
Xpress and 3D Max, also presentation software such as Microsoft Power Point. With variety
of software package that teacher need to update it is hard to follow up in the short time.
(Olsen, 2000)
Combination of visual art and multimedia in education will help student produce the quality
of work because the student will have a skill of art and design and graphic art in the same
time. This will help student to have a good future for those who are not successful in SPM
level. It also full fills student time with meaningful activities. In addition Ministry of
education should re-examine the importance of visual art education in curriculum school
system.
5. 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
The lack of teacher preparation in educational multimedia application will cause the students
does not have attention and interest to attend the class and their learning process will be
difficulties to understand because the progress delivered message of knowledge has been
stimuli’s and seem very dull.
Visual art education considered as less important subject from the eyes of school
administration, generally the supporting from the side of budget, tools and material learning
will be less and cut out especially regarding multimedia material, mostly we can see that not
every school have a complete equipment in the classroom.
Enrolment of student regarding using the multimedia application in visual art education
received encouraging responses, “There are two factors that decide a student learning style,
one being the level they understand multimedia, (i.e. are they already knowledgeable in
multimedia to apply on visual art education?) And the other is their personality type”, (i.e. are
they can extravert, introvert, or have a neurotic reaction in learning process?). Also there are
two factors that influence students ability to master multimedia application, first multimedia
attitude it reflected by their interest in computer drawing, photographing, designing,
animating, or audio and video clipping. (Chai, 2005).
“A second factors is their future expectation, visual art education using multimedia
application will help students recognition for a future career. For example if they plan to find
a job related to graphic or art and design after graduation, it would be a great motivator for
them to make an effort in this direction”. (Chai, 2005).
6. 1.3 Research Objective
The research objectives of this study are:
i) To identify the causes of lack preparation among teacher using multimedia
application in teaching process.
ii) To examine the reaction among student regarding using multimedia application in
visual art education learning.
iii) To determine the effectiveness of using multimedia application in teaching visual
art education.
g process?
ning?
pplication?
1.4 Research Question
The research questions for this study are:
i) What are the causes of lack preparation among teacher using multimedia
application in teachin
ii) What is the reaction among student regarding using multimedia application in
visual art education lear
iii) Are there any significant differences in student achievement after using
multimedia a
7. 1.5 Research Hypothesis
The hypothesis for this research is:
Ha : There is a significant differences in student achievement after using multimedia
application in learning visual art education.
1.6 Operational Definition
The operational terms for this research are:
1.6.1 Multimedia instruction
According to (colleagues, 1990) found that student scores were significantly better when it
came to applying what they had learned after receiving multimedia instruction rather than a
single media instruction. In this study is referring to student understanding using multimedia
application is more effectiveness than traditional learning.
1.6.2 Multimedia learning
According to (Bligh, 2000) multimedia learning requires the student to appreciate the beauty
of art (mostly visual art). It requires the student to have basic computer knowledge and
computer manipulating experiences such as internet browsing and searching in order to
retrieve information, software, and images. It also requires more interaction and
communication in the learning environment than traditional learning environment. In this
study, multimedia learning have a connection with visual art education and it give student
experience of computer knowledge and increased communication in learning environment.
8. 1.7 Limitation of the Study
The small sample size of this study might not allow the findings of the study to be
generalizable to all students at the school and university in this country. Apart from that this
study is an action research and a survey focus on web based survey. The suggested ways to
using multimedia application in visual art education might not be hundred percent successful
to each student and teacher in teaching and learning process.
1.8 Significance of the Study
The significance of the study is student expectation regarding using of interactive multimedia
experiences in the classroom have increased as the characteristic off college age learner have
changed with internet exposure (Tapscott, 1998). Student expectation regarding presentation
styles that combining text, visual images and multimedia have increased as a characteristic
off the college age learner have changed. This happen is because the environment at the
college and school learning is different. Each student reaction could be different regarding
using multimedia application in the classroom it depend on their educator.
This study is done to increase the interest visual art education among student because many
schools have reduced visual art instruction in favour of a greater emphasis on mathematics
and science to effort the student competitive in a global economy. According to (Obama) in
addition to giving our children science and math skills they need to compete in the new
global context, we should also encourage the ability to think creatively that comes from a
meaningful arts education.
It is hoped that the findings from this study can help educator in teaching process and provide
the quality of visual art education among school. It can be a different neither using
multimedia application nor not using multimedia in teaching and learning visual art
education. Also to help the student improve their creativity skill and multimedia skill in order
to be fully prepared entering the real world.
