Structure and applications of Carbon Nano tubes.

1. 1
Carbon Nanotubes: and
its applications
AJIT KUMAR MANDAL
SEM-II
DEPT. OF BOTANY
NORTH ORISSA UNIVERSITY

2. 2
Outline
 Introduction
 History
 Structure
 Properties
 Applications
 Biological application
 Future application
 Challenges
 conclusion

3. Introduction
 Current world is comprising of nanotechnology. All the laboratories
in the world concern with the nanotechnology application.
 In biological world the nanotechnology plays a vital role for the
betterment of the works.
 Mainly in the sector of genetics the carbon nano tube is widely used.

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What is carbon nanotube:
 A tube shaped material, made of carbon
having a diameter measuring on the
nanometer scale.
1nm = 10-9
m

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Types of carbon nanotube:
 Single-wall Nanotubes
 Double-wall Nanotubes
 Multi-wall Nanotubes

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Structure:
 The chemical genius of carbon that can be bond
in different way to create structures with entirely
different properties.
 Different forms of carbon:
 Diamond, Graphite, Fullerene,

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Structure:
CNT: Rolling-up a graphene sheet to form a tube
Schematic
of a CNT
STM image
of CNT

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Carbon nanotube
Properties depending on how it is rolled up.
a1, a2 are the graphene vectors.
OB/AB’ overlaps after rolling up.
OA is the rolling up vector.
21 manaOA +=

9. Carbon nanotube properties:
Fiber
Material
Specific
Density
E(TPa) Strength Strain at
Break(%)
Carbon
Nanotube
1.3-2 1 10-60 10
HS Steel 7.8 0.2 4.1 Below 10
Carbon
fiber-PAN
1.7-2 0.2-0.6 1.7-5 0.3-2.4
Carbon
fiber-pitch
2-2.2 0.4-0.96 2.2-3.3 0.27-0.6
E/S-glass 2.5 0.07/0.08 2.4/2.5 4.8
Kevler 49 1.4 0.13 3.6-4.1 2.8

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Applications of Carbonnanotubes:
General applications are:
 Conductive plastic
 Structural composite materials
 Flat-panel displays
 Gas storage
 Antifouling paint
 Micro- and nano electronocs
 Radar absorbing coating
 Technical Textiles
 Ultra-capacitor
 Batteries with improved lifetime.
 Extra strong fibers.

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Biological Applications of
Carbonnanotubes:
 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Tips
 Biosensors for Harmful gases
 DNA Sequencing

12. Biological applications: Bio-sensing
 Many spherical nano-particles have been
fabricated for biological applications.
 Nanotubes offer some advantages relative
to nanoparticles by the following aspects:
1. Larger inner volumes – can be filled with chemical or
biological species.
2. Open mouths of nanotubes make the inner surface
accessible.
3. Distinct inner and outer surface can be modified
separately.

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Biological applications: AFM tips
Carbon nanotubes as AFM probe tips:
1. Small diameter – maximum resolution
2. Excellent chemical and mechanical robustness
3. High aspect ratio
Resolution of ~ 12nm is achieved

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Biological applications:
Functional AFM tips
Molecular-recognition AFM probe tips:
 Certain bimolecular is attached to the CNT tip
 This tip is used to study the chemical forces between
molecules – Chemical force microscopy

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Biological applications: DNA sequencing
 Nanotube fits into the
major grove of the DNA
strand
 Apply bias voltage
across CNT, different
DNA base-pairs give
rise to different current
signals
 With multiple CNT, it is
possible to do parallel
fast DNA sequencing
Top view and side view of the
assembled CNT-DNA system

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Future Applications
 Future applications:
1. Already in product: CNT tipped AFM
2. Big hit: CNT field effect transistors based nano electronics.
3. Futuristic: CNT based OLED, artificial muscles…
.

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Conclusion:
 By the application of carbon nanotubes we can develop
the biological research work to such an extent that it can
leads our life style beyond the imagination.

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Challenges:
 Challenges
1. Manufacture: Important parameters are hard to control.
2. Large quantity fabrication process still missing.
3. Manipulation of nanotubes.

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Referrence:
 http://www.personal.reading.ac.uk/~scsharip/tubes.htm
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotube
 www.nanocyl.com/CNT-Expertise.../Carbon-Nanotubes
 www.research.ibm.com/nanoscience/nanotubes.html
 www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/sum/sum06/sum06_p23.p
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