1. Types of development

4. Local People Top Down Decision Making Decision made here External Groups e.g. World Bank, TNCs National Government

5. Local People Bottom Up Decision Making National Government External Groups /agencies e.g. NGO’s,Practical Action Decision made here

8. Top Down Approach Country gets into debt as it borrows money from the World Bank etc Uses machinery etc rather than providing jobs for local people Relies on external links and technology rather than appropriate technology As these areas grow the take away resources from peripheral areas Conditions often attached to the loans Dams etc provide energy needed for the country to develop Often energy-intensive and expensive to operate after construction.

9. Bottom up Approach Very limited impact of national poverty levels Involve the local people Appropriate technology to the local skill level Low cost Often associated with the well-being of people- their health, food supply.