This document discusses strategies for solar power indigenization in Pakistan. It provides an overview of existing solar technologies including photovoltaics, parabolic trough collectors, power towers, and solar dishes. It analyzes the current costs, capacity factors, and technical specifications of these solar options. It also examines Pakistan's solar resource potential across different regions and seasons, and recommends strategies for developing a local solar industry and integrating solar power into Pakistan's energy mix.

1. Towards a Strategy for
Solar Power Indigenization
Syed Akhtar Ali
IEEEP Conference
15-16 March 2011

2. Solar power plant in U.A.E.
2

3. 3

4. Comparative Solar Suitability of regions
4

5. Solar Energy Flow
5

6. Existing competitive solar
applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Solar Water Pumping
Mobile Towers
Pipelines and Railways Communication
Remote non-grid Rural Settlements
Schools and Hospitals
Replacements of Diesel Engines
Solar Water Heating
Solar Air-Conditioning

7. Comparative Capital Cost & Capacity
Factors
CAPEX (USD/KW)
Capacity Factor (%)
Oil/Gas
1000 – 1200
70 – 80
Coal
1500 – 2000
70 – 80
Nuclear
4000
90
Wind
2500
25 – 30
Solar
6000
25 – 30

8. Table 12: Energy Price Summary in the US
Year
2008
2009
2010
2011
WTI Crudea($/barrel)
99.57
61.66
77.97
83.00
Gasolineb($/gal)
3.26
2.35
2.74
2.92
Dieselc($/gal)
3.80
2.46
2.96
3.14
Heating Oild ($/gal)
3.38
2.52
2.92
3.10
Natural Gasd($/mcf)
13.89
11.96
11.54
11.91
Electricityd(cents/kwh)
11.26
11.55
11.59
11.75
West Texas Intermediate.
c
On-highway retail.
a
b
d
Average regular pump price.
U.S. Residential average.
Source: EIA USA: Short term energy outlook 2010
8

9. Solar Energy: Strength &
Weaknesses
Solars Main Strength ----
No Fuel Cost
Solars Main Problem
----
Low Capacity Factor
High Capital Cost
----
Transitional
Present Cost
----
25 cents/KWH (Twice High)
Solar Cost Goal
----
Under 10 cents/Kwh (2020)

10. Solar PV Module Pricing

11. Cost of PV Solar Electricity

23. Solar Insolation and PV output
• A sunny location (like Los Angeles, California, US)
receives an average of 5.5 hours of sunlight per day each
year.
• A cloudy location (like Hamburg, Germany) receives
2.5 hours per day of sunlight each year.
• A 1 kilowatt peak solar system generates around
1,600 kilowatt hours per year in a sunny climate and about
750 kilowatt hours per year in a cloudy climate.

24. Table 38: Daily Insulations rates for various seasons
& region of (latitude tilt) Pakistan (kwh/ m2/ day)
Summer
Southern Sindh Karachi
Spring
Fall
Winter
Annual
4.50- 5.0
6- 6.50
5.50- 6.00
2.50- 3
5.5- 6.0
Northern Sindh
6- 6.50
6.50- 7.0
6- 6.50
2.50- 3.0
6- 6.50
Eastern Sindh
6- 6.50
6.50- 7.0
6- 6.50
2.50- 3.0
6- 6.50
Western Sindh
6- 6.50
6- 6.50
5- 6.65
2.50- 3.0
6- 6.50
Northern Punjab
6- 6.50
6- 6.50
5.50- 6.0
4- 4.5
5.50- 6.0
Central Punjab
6- 6.50
6- 6.50
5.50- 6.0
4- 4.5
5.50- 6.0
Lower Punjab
6- 6.50
6.50- 7.0
6- 6.50
4- 4.5
6- 6.50
Northern Baluchistan
7- 7.50
6.50- 7.0
7- 7.50
4- 4.55
6- 6.50
6.50- 7.0
6.50- 7.0
6- 6.5
4- 4.5
6- 6.50
4- 4.50
6.50- 7.0
5.50- 6.0
2.50- 3.0
5.50- 6.0
5.50- 6.0
4.50- 5.0
5- 5.50
2.50- 3.0
5- 5.50
NWFP North
7- 7.50
4.50- 5.0
5.5- 6.0
4- 4.50
5- 5.50
NWFP Central
6- 6.50
6- 6.50
5.5- 6.00
5.50- 6.0
NWFP South
6- 6.50
6- 6.50
5.5- 6.00
5.50- 6.0
Central Baluchistan
Southern Baluchistan
Northern Areas
Source = Maps U.S AID/ SARI/ NREL

25. Grid-connected PV System

26. Global PV market present
status future development
wafer-based c-Si % 90«
thin film SC % 10«

28. PV Module

29. Family of PV cell

30. Best Research-Cell Efficiencies

34. Thin Flexible Film PV

35. Thin Flexible Film PV

36. Thin Flexible Film PV

37. Roll-to-roll PV Cell Printer
on Stainless Steel web sheets

38. Xunlight’s flexible thin-film laminates

39. Solar Thermal Power
• Parabolic Trough
• Solar Dish
• Heliostat-Tower
• Linear Reflector
• Others

40. Parabolic Trough
40

41. Optical Principles - PT
41

42. Installation Sensitivity
42

43. Parabolic Trough Schematic
43

45. Parabolic Mirror Layer Construction
Glass
Silver
Copper
Prime Coat
Intermediate Coat
Top Coat

46. Flat glass substrates: Composition
Substrate
Alkali Contents Cost Factor
soda-lime-silica
Na-rich
1
borosilicate
Na-poor
10
alumo-borosilicate Na-free
silica
Na-free
15
5000

48. Parabolic Trough
48

49. Recommendation for Enquete-Commission of the
German Parliament
49

50. Parabolic Troughs Park
50

51. Optical Principles - PT
51

52. Installation Sensivity
52

53. Parabolic Trough Assembly
53

54. Parabolic Trough Schematic
54

55. Heating Element

56. Heating Element Tube
56

57. Cross section of the coated absorber tube
57

58. Parabolic Trough with HCE tube
58

59. Reflectech Mirror Film
59

60. Masdar partners with Total and Abengoa Solar to
build world's largest concentrated solar power plant
60

62. PS10, 10 MWe Solar Central Receiver Power Plant
62

63. Power Tower - Heliostats

66. Solar Dish 25-30 KW

67. Solar Dish Power Plant

68. VIDEO
YouTube - Stirling Dish 500MW solar power plant.flv