This paper contains parts concerning the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes and regimes, and on the availability, quality, use and management of freshwater resources in the Northern Region of Cameroon. It takes into account current and projected regional key vulnerabilities, prospects for adaptation, and the relationships between climate change mitigation and water scarcity. The paper explains the science of climate change, and presents a general overview of observed and projected water-related impacts of climate change in the northern region of Cameroon. The last part of the paper looks at structures implemented by regional policy makers to achieve the Millennium Development Goals for Cameroon by 2025. The paper concludes by elucidating a roadmap for sustainable climate change mitigation for Cameroon.