Integrated Project Delivery Model for IT and Business Alignment
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This document outlines an integrated project delivery and business engagement model. It discusses how projects have both IT and business dimensions and require an integrated approach across stages and functions. The model includes components like stages, artifacts, activities and gates. It presents the model's extended dimensions and integrated process with business engagement. The initial focus areas are business engagement and solution definition to establish a solid foundation before implementation. Key aspects include defining artifacts across stages, review gates, and taking an artifact-based approach to provide project status. Addressing business analysis and solution design weaknesses is seen as key to avoiding common causes of project failures.
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Integrated Project Delivery Model for IT and Business Alignment
- 1. IT Integrated Project/ Solution Delivery And Business Engagement Model Alan McSweeney
- 2. Core Dimensions Of Projects Every Project Has Two Core Dimensions: IT And Business Functions/ Roles/ Activities 1. Project Stages from Initial Concept to Delivery 2. Various Stakeholders Involved at Various Project Stages and in Various Roles Performing Various Activities Project Stages/Timeline March 2, 2014 2
- 3. Integrated Project Business Engagement Model • • Projects are a continuum from initial concept to planning, design, implementation and management and operation of the implemented solution (and ultimate decommissioning) and across IT and business functions Therefore important to have an integrated project delivery approach that crosses both these core dimensions March 2, 2014 3
- 4. Components Of Integrated Project Delivery And Business Engagement Model Stages S Artefacts A A Activities G Gates March 2, 2014 4
- 5. Extended Dimensions Of Project Delivery Project Review and Decision Gates IT And Business Functions/ Roles/ Activities Artefacts Project Stages/Timeline March 2, 2014 5
- 6. Extended Dimensions Of Project Delivery • Offers a common and consistent frame of reference for all projects
- 7. Integrated Project Delivery Process And Business Engagement Model Time Project Stages/ Timeline Concept Initiate Plan Design Build Test Deploy Manage and Operate Project Management Project Activity/ Function Business Functions/ Roles Business Function Business Analysis Solution Architecture Implementation and Delivery Test and Quality Organisation Readiness Service Management Infrastructure and Communications March 2, 2014 7
- 8. Integrated Project Delivery Process And Business Engagement Model Take an artefacts- and results/deliverables-based integrated approach with review gates where go/no-go decisions are made • Across all project phases and project delivery roles • Focus on getting the project right at the start will yield benefits • Provides a complete view of what has to be achieved • Allows project status to be assessed • Allows effort to be quantified across all stages and resources • Designed to reduce risk of project failures • March 2, 2014 8
- 9. Integrated Project Delivery Process • Integrates project management into all other aspects and activities of project and solution delivery − Business − Business Analysis − Solution Architecture − Implementation and Delivery − Test and Quality − Organisation Readiness − Service Management − Infrastructure • All relevant stakeholders are identified at an early stage and involved throughout subsequently March 2, 2014 9
- 10. Spectrum Of Project Failures Performance and/or Operational Problems Specified Business Benefits and Savings Not Delivered Functionality Delivered Does not Meet Business Requirements More Expensive to Operate Than Planned Significant Rework Required Project Late and/or Over Budget Complete Project Success: On-time, On-budget and Delivering Specified Benefits March 2, 2014 Solution Largely Unused And/Or Unusable Increasing Frequency/ Probability of Occurrence Complete Project Failure: Cancelled, Unused, Rejected 10
- 11. Project Failures • Project Failures – late projects, over budget, project functionality not delivered, anticipated business benefits not achieved • Project Rework – involving additional cost • Deferred/Removed Scope – needed to meet project schedule and either never implemented or implemented later at additional cost March 2, 2014 11
- 12. Reasons For Project Failures • Project foundations not correct before implementation starts − Project failure is embedded in the process from the start • • • • • • Requirements - not captured, documented, validated and agreed – poor requirement management process and capability Design - proposed solution designs not analysed and defined in sufficient detail to understand Implementation - started before scope and complexity understood, documented and defined - there is no check ensure detail is captured and documented before development starts Scope - Project scope not defined and challenged and solution complexity not understood and documented Stakeholders – all stakeholders not accurately identified Budget – project costs are not validated or challenged March 2, 2014 12
- 13. Artefacts/Deliverables Define Across Project Delivery Process Time Project Stages/ Timeline Concept Project Management Project Activity/ Function Business Functions/ Roles Business Function Business Analysis Solution Architecture Implementation and Delivery Test and Quality Organisation Readiness Service Management Infrastructure and Communications March 2, 2014 Initiate Plan Design Build Test Deploy Manage and Operate Artefact Artefact Artefact Artefact Artefact Artefact Artefact Artefact 13
- 14. Artefacts/Deliverables • Exist to demonstrate work done to a defined standard and quality • Forces projects to gather information to validate their activities • Provides an audit trail and proof of work done • Provides a library of project material that can be reused for other projects • Artefacts structures are designed to be generic to apply across all project types March 2, 2014 14
- 15. Artefact View Of Integrated Project Delivery Process Concept Business Function Solution Concept/ Requirements Document Delivery Project Plan Project Resource Plan Business Case Rough Order of Magnitude Estimate Solution Architecture High Level Design March 2, 2014 Deploy Operate User Acceptance Test Results Benefits Realisation Review Lessons Learned Non Functional Requirements Detailed Solution Design/ Functional Specification User Acceptance Test Design and Plan Standard Operating Procedures Confirmed Estimates Data Migration Results Data Audit Data Design and Data Build Documentation Configuration Migration Plan Management Approach Unit Test Results and Plan Technical/Build Integration Test Results Specification Detailed Estimates Documentation Library Data Migration Test System Test Plan Results UAT Changes and Rework Data Migration to Live Results Deploy to Production Results Support and Operations Documentation Go Live Support Functional Test Design Functional Test Results Operational Readiness and Plan Review Non-Functional Test Non-Functional Test Results Design and Plan Integration Test Integration Test Design Results and Plan System Test Results System Test Design and Plan Management Team Briefing Communications Strategy and Plan Change Impact Assessment Detailed Communications Plan Training Needs Analysis Service Impact Assessment Service Level Requirements Access and Security Definition Infrastructure Plan Infrastructure Test Project Management – Planning, Resource, Scheduling Risk, Actions, Issues and Dependencies Management Reporting and Communications Management Change Management To Be Process Definition Test and Quality Service Management Build Benefits Schedule and Benefits Realisation Plan Test Strategy Organisation Readiness Design Functional Requirements As Is Process Definition Business Analysis Solution Architecture Plan Project Charter Project Initiation Document Project Management Initiate Change Action Plan Role Definition Organisation Design Develop Training Material Training Schedule Operations Acceptance Operations Acceptance Testing Design and Plan Testing Results Service Definition Infrastructure Design Build Test Environment Infrastructure Technical Build UAT Environment Specification Build OAT Environment Build Development Environment Build Training Environment Organisation and Staffing Implementation Training Delivery Service and Operational Level Agreement(s) Transfer to Production Plan Build Production Environment Decommission Unused Environments 15
- 16. Artefact View Of Integrated Project Delivery Process • Takes a complete view of project delivery and implementation from initial design to management and operation March 2, 2014 16
- 17. Artefact View Integrates Different Activity Lifecycles Strategy, Business Planning and Business Analysis Business Concept Initial Discovery Requirements Elicitation Decision to Proceed Requirements Management and Change Management Operations and Use Solution Architecture and Design Solution Architecture Solution Design Solution Specification and Change Management Project Management Cycle Initiate Execute and Control Plan Close Solution Delivery - Implementation and Deployment Lifecycle Setup and Prepare March 2, 2014 Implement Manage Develop Test Evolve Deploy 17
- 18. Initial Focus Area – Business Engagement And Solution Definition Time Getting This Right … Project Stages/ Timeline Concept Project Management Project Activity/ Function Business Functions/ Roles Business Function Business Analysis Solution Architecture Plan Design Build Test Deploy Manage and Operate Focus on these project stages and project activities will ensure that the project foundations are sound Implementation and Delivery Test and Quality Organisation Readiness Service Management Infrastructure and Communications March 2, 2014 Initiate … Means Problems Will Be Avoided At Later Stages 18
- 19. Artefact View Of Initial Focus Area – Business Engagement And Solution Definition Business Function Solution Concept/ Requirements Document Plan Project Plan Project Initiation Document Project Management Initiate Project Charter Concept Project Resource Plan Business Case Design Benefits Schedule and Benefits Realisation Plan Functional Requirements As Is Process Definition Business Analysis Solution Architecture • Rough Order of Magnitude Estimate To Be Process Definition Non Functional Requirements Solution Architecture High Level Design Detailed Solution Design/ Functional Specification Establishes solid foundations on which to build solution delivery and implementation March 2, 2014 19
- 20. Initial Focus Area – Business Engagement And Solution Definition March 2, 2014 20
- 21. Initial Focus Area – Business Engagement And Solution Definition And Validation • Have a defined solution to meet a defined and articulated business need that will deliver a realisable and achievable set of business benefits • Understand the complexity of what has to be delivered March 2, 2014 21
- 22. Initial Focus Area – Business Engagement And Solution Definition And Validation • Ensures there is a strong and solid foundation for solution implementation, delivery and management and operation March 2, 2014 22
- 23. Initial Focus Area – Business Engagement And Solution Definition And Validation Time Getting These Wrong … Project Stages/ Timeline Concept Project Management Project Activity/ Function Business Functions/ Roles Initiate Plan Design Build Test Deploy Manage and Operate Solution Concept/ Requirements Business Case Business Function Functional Requirements Business Analysis High Level Design Solution Architecture Benefits Schedule and Benefits Realisation Plan Implementation and Delivery Test and Quality Organisation Readiness Service Management Infrastructure and Communications … Means Problems Will Occur During The Project March 2, 2014 23
- 24. Initial Focus Area – Business Engagement And Solution Definition And Validation • Where there are gaps in the foundation on which solution implementation is being based, the project is at significant risk of failure March 2, 2014 24
- 25. Weaknesses In Business Analysis And Solution Design Capabilities At The Root of Many Project Failures Poor Requirements Poor Analysis Practices Business Requirements Not Captured Size/Capacity/ Complexity Large Project, Complex, Difficult Changes and Processes Poor Strategic Alignment Inadequate Business Case, Undefined Problem/Need Large Project Team and Multiple Stakeholders Business Benefits Not Measured Business Needs Not Met Opportunities Lost Inadequate Resource Allocation and Prioritisation Inadequate Business Involvement Dynamic, Changing Environment Poor Focus on Business Needs March 2, 2014 Inadequately Explored Solution Options Unproven Technology Investment Wasted Solution Design Not Aligned to Business Needs Uncertainly/ Ambiguity Poor Solution Design 25
- 26. Analysis And Solution Design-Related Causes Of Failures Poor Requirements Poor Analysis Practices Business Requirements Not Captured Size/Capacity/ Complexity Large Project, Complex, Difficult Changes and Processes Poor Strategic Alignment Inadequate Business Case, Undefined Problem/Need Large Project Team and Multiple Stakeholders Business Benefits Not Measured Business Needs Not Met Opportunities Lost Inadequate Resource Allocation and Prioritisation Inadequate Business Involvement Dynamic, Changing Environment Poor Focus on Business Needs March 2, 2014 Inadequately Explored Solution Options Unproven Technology Investment Wasted Solution Design Not Aligned to Business Needs Uncertainly/ Ambiguity Poor Solution Design 26
- 27. Project Gates Time Project Stages/ Timeline Concept Initiate Plan Design Build Test Deploy Manage and Operate Project Management Business Analysis Gate 7 Gate 6 Gate 5 Gate 4 Gate 3 Test and Quality Gate 2 Implementation and Delivery Gate 1 Solution Architecture Gate 0 Project Activity/ Function Business Functions/ Roles Business Function Organisation Readiness Service Management Infrastructure and Communications March 2, 2014 27
- 28. Project Gates • Gates exist after each to ensure project is ready to move to the next stage or to be stopped or whether rework is required • Review and decision points • Artefacts must be ready for review on gate entry • Gate exit requires artefacts completed to the required standard • Reduces cost, risk and rework • Puts controls around the delivery process • Ensures work remains on track March 2, 2014 28
- 29. Gate Process Gate Entry Criteria Gate Successful Exit Gate Phase Phase Project Stopped Sent Back for Rework STOP March 2, 2014 29
- 30. Project Process Gates Gate 0 Concept Gate 1 Initiate Plan Gate 2 Gate 3 Gate 4 Test Build Design Gate 5 Gate 7 Gate 6 Deploy March 2, 2014 Operate 30
- 31. Project Process Gates Gate 0 Concept Gate 1 Initiate Plan Validate Solution Concept and Estimates and Make Go/No Go Decision Gate 4 Gate 3 Test Gate 5 Build Build Review, Organisation Design Review, Readiness to Proceed to System Test and UAT March 2, 2014 Deploy Design Validate Detailed Design, Readiness to Proceed to Build and Make Go/No Go Decision Gate 7 Gate 6 Test Review, Organisation Change Review, Training Review, Service Planning Review Gate 2 Validate Business Case and Make Go/No Go Decision Validate Plan, High-Level Design, Benefits, Readiness to Proceed to Detailed Design and Make Go/No Go Decision Operate Go Live Readiness Review, Staffing and Training Review Benefits Realisation Validation, Lessons Learned 31
- 32. Sample Gate Review for Gate 3 – Before Move To Implementation/Development • Gate 3 Pre-requisites − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − • Benefits Schedule To Be Processes Non-Functional Requirements Detailed Solution Design/ Functional Specification Security Design Data Design, Migration and Testing Strategy Design and Plan Functional Tests Design and Plan Integration Tests Design and Plan Non-Functional Tests System Test Plan Systems Inventory Data Migration Plan Change Impact Assessment Detailed Communications Plan Training Needs Analysis Training Strategy Service Design Capacity Requirements Plan Infrastructure Specification March 2, 2014 • 32 Gate review ensures that the relevant items have been created and are of sufficient quality Designed to ensure that solution complexity has been captured so there is confidence that what is being developed is what is needed to be developed 32
- 33. Artefact-Based Status View Of Project Concept Project Charter Project Initiation Document Project Management Business Function Solution Concept/ Requirements Document Plan Rough Order of Magnitude Estimate Business Case Benefits Schedule and Benefits Realisation Plan To Be Process Definition Solution Architecture High Level Design Configuration Management Approach and Plan` Detailed Estimates Test and Quality Service Management Management Team Briefing Communications Strategy and Plan Service Impact Assessment Infrastructure Plan Infrastructure March 2, 2014 Test Deploy Operate User Acceptance Test Results Benefits Realisation Review Lessons Learned Non Functional Requirements Detailed Solution Design/ Functional Specification Test Strategy Organisation Readiness Build Project Plan Project Resource Plan Data Audit Delivery Design Functional Requirements As Is Process Definition Business Analysis Solution Architecture Initiate Confirmed Estimates Data Design and Data Migration Plan Technical/Build Specification User Acceptance Test Design and Plan Standard Operating Procedures Data Migration Results Build Documentation Unit Test Results Integration Test Results Documentation Library Data Migration Test System Test Plan Results UAT Changes and Rework Data Migration to Live Results Deploy to Production Results Support and Operations Documentation Go Live Support Functional Test Design Functional Test Results Operational Readiness and Plan Review Non-Functional Test Non-Functional Test Results Design and Plan Integration Test Integration Test Design Results and Plan System Test Results System Test Design and Plan Change Action Plan Change Impact Assessment Organisation Design Detailed Develop Training Communications Plan Material Training Needs Analysis Service Level Requirements Access and Security Definition Role Definition Training Schedule Operations Acceptance Operations Acceptance Testing Design and Plan Testing Results Service Definition Infrastructure Design Build Test Environment Infrastructure Technical Build UAT Environment Specification Build OAT Environment Build Development Environment Build Training Environment Organisation and Staffing Implementation Training Delivery Service and Operational Level Agreement(s) Transfer to Production Plan Build Production Environment Decommission Unused Environments 33
- 34. Consistent View Of Projects March 2, 2014 34
- 35. Artefact-Based Status View Of Project • Use the status of the artefacts at project stages to assess and measure the status of the project • One element of project reporting March 2, 2014 35
- 36. Summary • Provides a consistent and repeatable approach to projects • Independent of the specifics of a project • Artefact-based view • Enables gate review process where deliverables can be evaluated for quality and substance • Enables status of the project to assessed • Ensures success by emphasising business engagement and solution analysis and design at an early stage • Engages early with project complexity March 2, 2014 36