The document summarizes and compares the Grammar-Translation Method and the Direct Method for teaching language. The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on grammar rules, vocabulary, translation, and written production, with the teacher as the authority. In contrast, the Direct Method has the teacher direct class discussions on topics while students practice the four macroskills through oral communication and self-correction. Both methods have useful and other techniques described. The conclusion recommends teachers consider different methods' advantages and students' needs.

1. The Grammar-Translation
Method
The Direct Method
Gianna Di Dino
Alexandra Fuentes
From Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching
By Diane Larsen-Freeman

2. Grammar-Translation
Principles:
* Grammar rules, vocabulary
* Teacher is the authority
* Students should translate
* Grammar deductively
* Literary language > spoken language
* Focus on written production (tested)

3. Useful techniques
* Reading comprehension questions
* Cognates
* Fill-in-the-blank exercises (grammar)
* Composition

4. Other techniques
* Translation of complete passages
* Antonyms/Synonyms
* Deductive application of grammar rules
* Memorization
* Use word in sentences

5. Comparison with our practices

6. The Direct Method
Principles:
* T directs class. Ss passive (not as G-TM)
* Topic based syllabus
* Vocabulary > Grammar (inductively)
* 4 macroskills are important
* Evaluation: based on communication
* Ss encourage to self-correct

7. Useful techniques
* Reading aloud
* Question/answer (orally)
* Conversation practice
* Fill-in-blank exercises (vocabulary)
* Drawing
* Paragraph writing

8. Other techniques
* Getting students to self-correct
* Dictation

9. Comparison with our practices

10. Conclusion
* Teacher should be informed
* Advantages/disadvantages of methods
* Consider learners’ needs

11. Thanks for your time!

12. References
Anderson, M. & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2011).
Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching.
Uk: Oxford University Press.