Sydney, Australia generates a high amount of waste and relies heavily on landfills for disposal. As the population grows and landfill space decreases, alternative solutions will be needed. Upgrading waste facilities, switching to hybrid garbage trucks, increasing recycling, and reducing non-recyclable waste can help manage waste more sustainably and delay filling local landfills. Without changes, waste disposal costs are expected to rise significantly.

1. Sydney

2. Australia is the Fifth-Highest waste generator among the OECD Countries (OECD 2005) OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development DEC : Department of Environment & Climate Change NSW Most of Sydney waste is regulated by WSN, a private company owned by the State WSN regulates over 90% of Sydney’s waste and currently owns: Four out of Five putrescible landfill facilities Seven out of eight waste transfer stations servicing Sydney Sydneysiders dispose over 1 tonnes of waste per person in landfills each year! The Australian average is over 600 kgs ** This is a combination from municipal, C&I, and C&D Waste

3. Sydney Waste! Increasing Trend? SMA: Sydney Metropolitan Area Source: NSW State of the Environment 2006

4. Sydney Waste! Increasing Trend? Source: Sydney City Council Website

5. Rising Recycling / Recovery Rate, is it enough? Sydney Population as of 2006: 4,119,190 Average Recovery Rate right now: 49% Source: Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW Over 1000 people come to Sydney EVERY week In 2021, how much waste will Sydney be producing? Waste 2003 2004-05 2014(Target) Municipal 26% 37% 66% Commercial 28% 35% 63% Construction 65% 66% 76%

6. Rising Recycling / Recovery Rate, is it enough? Sydney in 2021: Over 5 million people More people, more waste Best Case Estimation: 5 million x 1 ton = 5 million tons of waste WSN handles 90% of Sydney. What is their recovery rate? Source: WSN Annual Report 2005-2006 Recovery Rate: 22% in 2006 ! 78% goes to landfills EVERY year (at least)

8. The Crisis - Local Landfills and Rising Oil Price 45 ha 158 ha 84 ha 388 ha 13.4 ha Source: WSN Annual Report 20 L / 100 KM 50 KM Oil Price 2006 AU$ 1.5 / litre Trip (50km): AU$15 Oil Price 2036 AU$ 3 / litre Same Trip: AU$30! Oil Price 2036 AU$ 3 / litre Trip to Moruya 250 KM: AU$135! 20 L / 100 KM Waste Transport Fee Up by 1000%

11. The Solution - Local Landfills and Rising Oil Price 1. Make it a policy to use Hybrid Garbage Trucks 40% of total fuel consumed in collection mode is used to generate hydraulic power Hybrid trucks can save around 5000 litres of fuel annualy (Green NSW) Hybrid GarbageTrucks – Hydraulic / Electric Summary: Hydraulic System is 20% more effecient in fuel! Source: Transport Canada

12. The Solution - Local Landfills and Rising Oil Price Result: 20% more effecient is still +AU$100 to transport waste 2. Make it a government priority to Upgrade ALL landfill facilities to UR-3R Facility 70% Waste can be processed and only 30% goes to the landfill! Will delay landfill filling up so recycling technology can catch up! Less Trucks carrying less waste to landfill outside of Sydney

14. The Solution - Local Landfills and Rising Oil Price Sydney is an ever growing city! The more it grows, the more waste! “ It is a huge living organism producing an ever increasing amount of waste” END OF PRESENTATION THANK YOU!