3. Deterrence
Something that discourages or intends to
discourage someone from doing something
Specific deterrence – aims to discourage the
offender from reoffending
General deterrence – aims to “send a message”
to the broader community, discouraging them
from similar behaviour
Theoretically, issuing a more severe
punishment will act as a stronger deterrent
than a lower punishment.
In actuality, there is little evidence that severe
sanctions are an effective deterrent. (E.g. death
penalty for drug smuggling in Indonesia.)
4. Retribution
The main reason for placing sanctions on an
offender
Relates to revenge or “payback”, but is bigger
than this. It also ensures:
The offender is adequately punished
The offender is accountable for his/her actions
The harm done to the victim/community is
recognised.
5. Rehabilitation
Will be considered in almost all cases
Aims to deter the offender from reoffending by
attempting to change the mindset of the
offender
Might involve:
Counselling and support groups
Clearly showing the result of their actions
Education programs
Media campaigns (community wide)
6. Incapacitation
„to protect the community from the offender‟
(Crimes [Sentencing Procedure] Act)
This often takes the form of removing the
offender from the community
Imprisonment
Home detention
Cancellation of licence
(Removing resources eg firearms)
