2. NOVEL
-was the most important
in the VICTORIAN PERIOD

3. Born: April 21, 1816,
Thornton, West Yorkshire,
United Kingdom
Died: March 31, 1855,
Haworth, United Kingdom
Nationality: English
Siblings: Emily
Brontë, Anne
Brontë, Branwell
Brontë, Elizabeth
Brontë,Maria Brontë
Movies: Jane Eyre

4. Charlotte Brontë was an
English novelist and
poet, the eldest of the
three Brontë sisters who
survived into adulthood
and whose novels are
English literature
standards. She wrote
Jane Eyre under the pen
name Currer Bell.

6. Born: July 30, 1818, Thornton,
West Yorkshire, United
Kingdom
Died: December 19,
1848, Haworth, United
Kingdom
Siblings: Charlotte Brontë, Anne
Brontë, Branwell
Brontë, Elizabeth Brontë, Maria
Brontë
Movies: Wuthering
Heights, Emily Brontë's
Wuthering Heights
Parents: Maria
Branwell, Patrick Brontë

7. Emily Jane Brontë was
an English novelist and
poet, best remembered
for her solitary novel,
Wuthering Heights,
now considered a
classic of English
literature.

8. Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Brontë, written between October
1845 and June 1846,[1] and published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis
Bell. It was her first and only published novel: she died aged 30 the
following year. The decision to publish came after the success of her
sisterCharlotte's novel, Jane Eyre. After Emily's death, Charlotte edited
the manuscript of Wuthering Heights, and arranged for the edited
version to be published as a posthumous second edition in 1850

9. Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron
Tennyson, FRS was Poet Laureate
of Great Britain and Ireland
during much of Queen Victoria's
reign and remains one of the most
popular British poets.
Born: August 5, 1809, Somersby,
Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
Died: October 6, 1892, Aldworth,
United Kingdom
Awards: Chancellor's Gold Medal

10. IN MEMORIAM
By. Lord Alfred Tennyson

11. The poem begins as a tribute to and invocation of the “Strong Son of God.” Since man,
never having seen God’s face, has no proof of His existence, he can only reach God
through faith. The poet attributes the sun and moon (“these orbs or light and shade”) to
God, and acknowledges Him as the creator of life and death in both man and animals.
Man cannot understand why he was created, but he must believe that he was not made
simply to die.
The Son of God seems both human and divine. Man has control of his own will, but
this is only so that he might exert himself to do God’s will. All of man’s constructed
systems of religion and philosophy seem solid but are merely temporal, in comparison to
the eternal God; and yet while man can have knowledge of these systems, he cannot
have knowledge of God. The speaker expresses the hope that “knowledge [will] grow
from more to more,” but this should also be accompanied by a reverence for that which
we cannot know.
The speaker asks that God help foolish people to see His light. He repeatedly asks for
God to forgive his grief for “thy [God’s] creature, whom I found so fair.” The speaker
has faith that this departed fair friend lives on in God, and asks God to make his friend
wise.

12. Robert Browning was an English
poet and playwright whose mastery
of dramatic verse, especially
dramatic monologues, made him one
of the foremost Victorian poets.
Born: May 7, 1812, Camberwell,
United Kingdom
Died: December 12, 1889, Venice,
Italy
Spouse: Elizabeth Barrett
Browning (m. 1846–1861)
Education: University College
London, University of London
Movies: The Pied Piper, The Pied
Piper of Hamelin

13. Browning's Men and Women consists of fifty-one poems, all of
which are monologues spoken by different narrators, some
identified and some not; the first fifty take in a very diverse
range of historical, religious or European situations, with the
fifty-first - One Word More - featuring Browning himself as
narrator and dedicated to his wife. The title of the collection
came from a line in her Sonnets from the Portuguese. Browning
himself was very fond of the collection, referring to the poems
as "My fifty men and women" (from the opening line in One
Word More), and today, Men and Women has been described as
one of Victorian England's most significant books.

14. Born:12 December 1821
Rouen, France
Died: 8 May 1880 (aged 58)
Croisset, Rouen, France
Occupation:
Novelist, playwright
Nationality: French
Genres: Fictional prose
Literary movement:
Realism, Romanticism

15. Madame Bovary (1856) is the French
writer Gustave Flaubert's first published novel.
The story focuses on a doctor's wife, Emma
Bovary, who has adulterous affairs and lives
beyond her means in order to escape the
banalities and emptiness of provincial life.
Though the basic plot is rather simple, even
archetypal, the novel's true art lies in its details
and hidden patterns. Flaubert was a notorious
perfectionist and claimed always to be searching
for le mot juste ("the precise word").

16. Madame Bovary became a bestseller when it
was published as a single volume in April
1857. Flaubert's masterpiece is now
considered a seminal work of Realism and
one of the most influential novels ever
written. In fact, the notable BritishAmerican critic James Wood writes in How
Fiction Works: "Flaubert established for
good or ill, what most readers think of as
modern realist narration, and his influence is
almost too familiar to be visible"

17. Born: Mary Anne Evans
22 November 1819
South Farm, Arbury Hall, Nuneaton,
Warwickshire, England
Died: 22 December 1880 (aged 61)
4 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London, England
Pen name: George Eliot
Occupation: Novelist
Period: Victorian
Notable work(s): The Mill on the Floss (1860),
Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72),
Daniel Deronda (1876)

18. Silas Marner:The Weaver of Raveloe
is the third novel by George Eliot, published
in 1861. An outwardly simple tale of a linen weaver,
it is notable for its strong realism and its
sophisticated treatment of a variety of issues ranging
from religion to industrialisation to community.

19. In Silas Marner, Eliot combines symbolism with a historically
precise setting to create a tale of love and hope. On one level,
the book has a strong moral tract: the bad character, Dunstan
Cass, gets his just deserts, while the pitiable character, Silas
Marner, is ultimately richly rewarded, and his miserliness
corrected. The novel explores the issues of redemptive love, the
notion of community, the role of religion, the status of the
gentry and family, and impacts of industrialisation. While
religion and religious devotion play a strong part in this text,
Eliot concerns herself with matters of ethics and
interdependence of faith and community.

21. Born: Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky
11 November 1821
Moscow, Russian Empire
Died: 9 February 1881 (aged 59)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Nationality: Russian
EducationMilitary Engineering-Technical
University, St. Petersburg
Period: 1846–81
Genres: Novel, short story, journalism
Literary movement: Realism
Notable work(s): Notes from Underground
Crime and Punishment
The Idiot
Demons
The Brothers Karamazov
The House of the Dead
The Gambler

22. Crime and Punishment (Russian: Преступлéние и наказáние, Prestupleniye i
nakazaniye) is a novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It was first
published in the literary journal The Russian Messenger in twelve monthly
installments during 1866. It was later published in a single volume. It is the second
of Dostoyevsky's full-length novels following his return from ten years of exile in
Siberia. Crime and Punishment is the first great novel of his "mature" period of
writing.
Crime and Punishment focuses on the mental anguish and moral
dilemmas of Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished ex-student in St.
Petersburg who formulates and executes a plan to kill an
unscrupulous pawnbroker for her cash. Raskolnikov argues that with the
pawnbroker's money he can perform good deeds to counterbalance the crime, while
ridding the world of a worthless vermin. He also commits this murder to test his
own hypothesis that some people are naturally capable of such things, and
even have the right to do them. Several times throughout the novel, Raskolnikov
justifies his actions by connecting himself mentally with Napoleon Bonaparte,
believing that murder is permissible in pursuit of a higher purpose.

23. Born: 2 June 1840
Stinsford, Dorchester, Dorset,
England
Died:11 January 1928 (aged 87)
Dorchester, Dorset, England
Resting place:Stinsford parish
church (heart)
Poets' Corner, Westminster
Abbey (ashes)
Occupation: Novelist, Poet, and
Short Story
Literary movement: Naturalism,
Victorian literature
Notable work(s): Tess of the
d'Urbervilles,
Far from the Madding Crowd,
Collected Poems
Jude the Obscure

24. Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully
Presented, also known as Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure
Woman, Tess of the d'Urbervilles or just Tess, is a novel
by Thomas Hardy, first published in 1891. It initially
appeared in a censored and serialised version, published by
the British illustrated newspaper, The Graphic.Though now
considered an important work of English literature, the
book received mixed reviews when it first appeared, in part
because it challenged the sexual mores of Hardy's day. The
original manuscript is on display at the British Library,
showing that it was originally titled "Daughter of the
d'Urbervilles."In 2003, the novel was listed at number 26
on the BBC's survey The Big Read.

26. What is Gothic
literature?

27. That which we classify as "Gothic" is
a subgenre of the Romantic movement of
the 19th century. Beginning in 1764 with
Horace Walpole'snovel The Castle of
Otranto, the movement quickly grew to
encompass a large body of works in novel,
short story, poetic, artistic, dramatic, and
(in the present day) cinematic forms.

29. Virginal Maiden – young, beautiful, pure,
innocent, kind, virtuous. Shows these virtues by
fainting and crying whenever her delicate
sensibilities are challenged, usually starts out with
a mysterious past and it is later revealed that she
is the daughter of an aristocratic or noble family.

30. Matilda in The Castle of Otranto – She is determined to
give up Theodore, the love of her life, for her cousin’s sake.
Matilda always puts others first before herself, and always
believes the best in others.
Adeline in The Romance of the Forest – “Her wicked
Marquis, having secretly immured Number One (his first
wife), has now a new and beautiful wife, whose character,
alas! Does not bear inspection.”As this review states, the
virginal maiden character is above inspection because her
personality is flawless. Hers is a virtuous character whose
piety and unflinching optimism cause all to fall in love with
her.

31. Older, Foolish Woman
Hippolita in The Castle of Otranto – Hippolita is depicted as
the obedient wife of her tyrant husband who “would not only
acquiesce with patience to divorce, but would obey, if it was his
pleasure, in endeavouring to persuade Isabelle to give him her
hand”.This shows how weak women are portrayed as they are
completely submissive, and in Hippolita’s case, even support
polygamy at the expense of her own marriage.
Madame LaMotte in The Romance of the Forest – naively
assumes that her husband is having an affair with Adeline.
Instead of addressing the situation directly, she foolishly lets
her ignorance turn into pettiness and mistreatment of Adeline.

32. Hero
Theodore in The Castle of Otranto – he is witty,
and successfully challenges the tyrant, saves the
virginal maid without expectations
Theodore in The Romance of the Forest – saves
Adeline multiple times, is virtuous, courageous and
brave, self-sacrificial

33. Tyrant
Manfred in The Castle of Otranto – unjustly accuses Theodore of murdering
Conrad. Tries to put his blame onto others. Lies about his motives for
attempting to divorce his wife and marry his late son’s fiancé.
The Marquis in The Romance of the Forest – attempts to get with Adeline
even though he is already married, attempts to rape Adeline, blackmails
Monsieur LaMotte.
Vathek – Ninth Caliph of the Abassides, who ascended to the throne at an
early age. His figure was pleasing and majestic, but when angry, his eyes became
so terrible that “the wretch on whom it was fixed instantly fell backwards and
sometimes expired”. He was addicted to women and pleasures of the flesh, so he
ordered five palaces to be built: the five palaces of the senses. Although he was
an eccentric man, learned in the ways of science, physics, and astrology, he loved
his people. His main greed, however, was thirst for knowledge. He wanted to
know everything. This is what led him on the road to damnation.”

34. The Stupid Servant – acts as comic relief by asking seemingly
stupid questions, transitions between scenes, brings news,
messenger, moves plot forward
Peter in The Romance of the Forest – whenever he brings
information to people, he never gets to the point but prattles on
and on about insignificant things. “The reader…eagerly follows
the flight of LaMotte, also of Peter, his coachman, an attached,
comic, and familiar domestic.”
Bianca in The Castle of Otranto – a gossip, helps characters get
valuable news, provides comic relief

35. Clowns – break the tension and act as comic relief
Diego and Jaquez in The Castle of Otranto – they
appear to talk about random things, and argue
foolishly with each other in order to lighten the air of
the novel.

36. Banditti - Ruffians
They appear in several Gothic Novels including The Romance
of the Forest in which they kidnap Adeline from her father.
Clergy – always weak, usually evil
Father Jerome in The Castle of Otranto – Jerome, though not
evil, is certainly weak as he gives up his son when he is born and
leaves his lover.
Ambrosio in The Monk – Evil and weak, this character stoops
to the lowest levels of corruption including rape and incest.
Mother Superior in The Romance of the Forest – Adeline fled
from this convent because the sisters weren’t allowed to see
sunlight. Highly oppressive environment.

37. The Setting
The setting of the Gothic Novel is a character in itself. The plot is usually set
in a castle, an abbey, a monastery, or some other, usually religious edifice, and it
is acknowledged that this building has secrets of its own. It is this gloomy and
frightening scenery, which sets the scene for what the audience should expect.
The importance of setting is noted in a London review of the Castle of Otranto,
“He describes the country towards Otranto as desolate and bare, extensive downs
covered with thyme, with occasionally the dwarf holly, the rosa marina, and
lavender, stretch around like wild moorlands…Mr. Williams describes the
celebrated Castle of Otranto as “an imposing object of considerable size…has a
dignified and chivalric air. A fitter scene for his romance he probably could not
have chosen.” Similarly, De Vore states, “The setting is greatly influential in
Gothic novels. It not only evokes the atmosphere of horror and dread, but also
portrays the deterioration of its world. The decaying, ruined scenery implies that
at one time there was a thriving world. At one time the abbey, castle, or
landscape was something treasured and appreciated. Now, all that lasts is the
decaying shell of a once thriving dwelling.”[51] Thus, without the decrepit
backdrop to initiate the events, the Gothic Novel would not exist.

39. Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American dark comedic crime film directed by Quentin
Tarantino, who also co-wrote the screenplay along with Roger Avary.
The film is known for its eclectic dialogue, ironic mix of humour and violence,
nonlinear storyline, and a host of cinematic allusions and pop culture
references.
The film was nominated for seven Oscars, including Best Picture; Tarantino
and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay.

40. Pulp Fiction is self-referential from its opening moments, beginning with a
title card that gives two dictionary definitions of “pulp”.
The plot, as in many of Tarantino’s other works, is presented out of
chronological sequence.
Pulp Fiction’s influence has been felt in several other media, and it is widely
regarded as one of the greatest films of all time.