SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 23
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Aida Wilkinson
1. Nationalities              Commands + Irregulars +        18. Deber + Infinitive
2. Stem Changing              Pronoun Placement              19. Modal Verbs
3. Para                       11. Irregular Affirmative Tú   20. Present Progressive
4. Indirect Object            Commands                       21. Adverbs
Pronouns                      12. Negative Tú Command
5. Object Pronoun             + Irregulars + Pronoun
Placement                     Placement
6. Gustar                     13. Irregular Negative Tú
                              Commands
7. Affirmative and Negative
Words                         14. Sequencing events
8. Superlatives               15. Preterite
9. Reflexives                 16. Trigger Words
10. Affirmative Tú            17. –Car, -Gar, -Zar
Nationalities
CHANGE … TO …   EXAMPLES

U – UE          Jugar – Juego (Yo)

E – IE          Pensar – Piensas (Tú)

O – UE          Dormir – Duerme (Él/Ella/Usted)

E-I             Pedir – Piden (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes)
Use para (for, in order to) to indicate…
The recipient of items
      …el regalo para tu mamá
Purpose
      Vamos al restaurante para comer.
Implied purpose
      Tengo dinero para [comprar] algo.
Indirect object pronouns are nouns that tell to whom/what
or for whom/what. Indirect object pronouns replace or
accompany indirect objects.
               Singular
               me                          me
               te                          you (familiar)
               le                          you (formal), him, her

Plural
nos                       us
os                        you (familiar)
les                       you, them
• Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
  • Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
• Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
   • Place the pronoun before a conjugation
When you want to talk about things that people like, change the
          form of gustar to match the singular or plural nouns for those
                                     things.

Singular
me gusta                                 nos gusta
te gusta                                 os gusta
le gusta                                 les gusta


Plural
me gustas                                nos gustas
te gustas                                os gustas
le gustas                                les gustas
Affirmative
When you want to talk about an      Words
indefinite or negative situation,   algo              something
you use an affirmative or a
                                    alguien           someone
negative word.
                                    algún/agluno(a)   some
Notice that alguno(a) and           siempre           always
ninguno(a) must match the
gender or the noun they replace     también           also
or modify. Alguno and ninguno       Negative Words
have different forms used before    nada              nothing
masculine singular nouns.
                                    nadie             no one
alguno      algún                   ningún/ninguno(a) none, not any
ninguno      ningún                 nunca             never
                                    tampoco           neither, either
◊ To express the extremes with most adjectives, drop the
  final vowel and add the ending –ísimo(a). The adjective
  must agree in gender and number with the noun it
  modifies.
            La idea de Rosa es interesantísima.
               Rosa’s idea is very (extremely) interesting.

◊ When the last consonant is c, g, or z, spelling changes
  are required.
       c qu        rico(a)             riquísimo(a)
       g gu        largo(a)       larguísimo(a)
       z c         feliz     felicísimo(a)
Reflexive Pronouns
me                               nos
te                               os
se                               se

     acostarse    (o - ue)       lavarse los dientes
     afeitarse                   levantarse
     bañarse                     maquillarse
     despertarse     (e - ie)    peinarse
     dormirse    (o – ue)        ponerse la ropa
     ducharse                    quitarse la ropa
     lavarse                     secarse
     lavarse el pelo/la cabeza
Give instructions or command to someone by using
the affirmative tú commands of regular verbs.
                              *Notice it is a tú command, but ends like a 3rd house form


                                                                      DOP
    caminar      ¡Camina!         ¡Camina en el parque!
                                                                      lo
    comer        ¡Come!           ¡Come toda la hamburguesa!          la
    abrir        ¡Abre!           ¡Abre la puerta, quiero entrar!     los
                                                                      las

                          Pronoun Placement
                          1. Infinitive
                          2. Gerund
                          3. Before conjugate verb
                          4. Affirmative command
Infinitive                  Affirmative Tú Command
Typically,
   if you     decir                       di
attach the    hacer                       haz
 pronoun
   to the     ir                          ve
command       poner                       pon
, you add
an accent     salir                       sal
    mark      ser                         sé
 over the
3rd to last   tener                       ten
  vowel.
              venir                       ven

Remember that when you use a pronoun with an affirmative
command,
                                              EXAMPLE:
the pronoun attaches to the command.
                                         ¡Ponte otra camisa!
                                       >Put on (youself) another shirt!
When you tell someone what NOT to do, use a negative command.
Negative tú commands are formed by taking the yo form of the present tense,
dropping the –o, and adding the appropriate ending.

-es       –ar verbs
-as       –er amd –ir verbs

 Infinitive           Yo Form           Negative tú
                                        Command
 hablar               hablo             ¡No hables!
 volver               vuelvo            ¡No vuelvas!
 venir                vengo             ¡No vengas!


                                               ***** Irregulars on next slide! *****
A few verbs have irregular negative tú commands. Notice that none of the yo
         forms of these verbs end in –o.

                Infinitive                       Negative tú Command
                Tener                            No tengas
                Venir                            No vengas
                Dar/Decir                        No dés/digas
                Ir                               No vayas
                Ser                              No seas
                Hacer                            No hagas
                Estar                            No estés
                Saber                            No sepas


bject pronouns precede the verbs in negative commands, just as with other conjugated verb

                                        EXAMPLE:
                                       ¡No lo uses!
                                  Don’t use it (the blowdryer).
por la … mañana/tarde/noche
                  in/during the …
                  morning/afternoon/night


   antes de/después                                  los lunes, martes,
   de                                                etc.
   before/after                                      on the day


                  Sequencing events

primero             entonces           luego/después       por fin
first               then               later/after         finally
 It is a perfected action in the past.
 A snap shot in time!
   ar verbs:
   -é                       -amos
   -aste                    -asteis
   -ó                       -aron


               er verbs:
               -í                     -imos
               -iste                  -isteis
               -ió                    -ieron
Spanish         English
Un dia          One day
Una vez         Once
Ayer            Yesterday
A noche         At night
Hace un ano     A year ago
Ya              Already
El mes pasado   Last month
Anteayer        Day before yesterday
Por una hora    For one hour
Por fin         Finally
A las ocho      At eight
Dos veces       Twice
El pretérito; -car, -gar, -zar
                    -car  yo  -qué
                    -gar  yo  -qué
                    -zar  yo  -cé

EXAMPLES:
Tocar              Jugar                   Comenzar
  Yo = toqué         Yo = jugué             Yo = comencé
DEBER = SHOULD/OUGHT TO

   The verb deber means should or ought to. To say what people should do,
  use a conjugated form of deber with the inifinitive of another verb.


               Deber                       Should/Ought to
               Debo                        Debemos
               Debes                       Debéis
               Debe                        Deben


Examples:
 Debo barrer el suelo.
 Debes limpiar la cocina.
 Debe sacar la basura.
When verbs are used in modal verb combinations – the 2nd verb is not conjugat
but rather left in the infinitive form. You would never say “no puedo nado.”


       Common Modal Verbs        Meaning
       Deber                     Should, ought to, must
       Desear                    To desire
       Necesitar                 To need
       Poder                     Can, could, might, be able
                                 to
       Querer                    Want, would like to
       Saber                     Know, know how to
       Soler                     Usually, used to
estar + “ing”
                                                            ar  ando
                                                            er  iendo
                                                        3 vowels  yendo
Present Progressive Irregulars
 Some verbs you know have irregular present             EXAMPLES:
Participle forms.                                       Bailar = bailando
          • When the stem of an -er or -ir verb         Beber = bebiendo
             ends in a vowel, change the -iendo          Leer = leyendo
             to -yendo to form the present
             participle.
                                                Verb     Irregular
          • e  I stem-changing verbs have a             Present
              vowel change in the stem                   Participle
          • Some other verbs also have a vowel
                                                Leer     Leyendo
              change in the stem.
                                               Pedir     Pidiendo
                                               Dormir    Durmiendo
End
                                 adjectives
                                with _a when
                                    adding
 To describe how something is     _mente.
done, use adverbs. Many adverbs
                                             Adjective             Adverb
in Spanish are made by changing
an existing adjective.                       cuidadoso(a)          cuidadosament
                                                                   e
  •   When an adjective ends in e, l, or
      z, simply add –mente to the end.            rápido           rápidamente
  • For adjectives with –o or –a                  lento(a)         lentamente
    endings, add –mente to the                    tranquilo(a)     tranquilamente
    feminine form.
                                      Adjective   Adverb
                                      reciente    recientemente
                                      frecuente   frecuentemente
        _ly = _mente                  fácil       fácilmente
                                      normal      normalmente
                                      especial    especialmente
                                      feliz       felizmente

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Grammar book sp2h Elyse
Grammar book sp2h ElyseGrammar book sp2h Elyse
Grammar book sp2h Elyseelysea15
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar bookes10190
 
Grammar book Elyse
Grammar book ElyseGrammar book Elyse
Grammar book Elyseelysea15
 
Grammer book
Grammer bookGrammer book
Grammer bookasiajay17
 
Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
Honors Spanish 4 Grammar BookHonors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Booktaylorryals
 
Grammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishGrammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishannpear
 
Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2maddiiiix3
 
S2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amataS2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amataAmata_Leno
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar bookms10428
 
Spanish 4 grammar book revised
Spanish 4 grammar book  revisedSpanish 4 grammar book  revised
Spanish 4 grammar book revisedChristina Coleman
 

La actualidad más candente (16)

Grammar book sp2h Elyse
Grammar book sp2h ElyseGrammar book sp2h Elyse
Grammar book sp2h Elyse
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book Elyse
Grammar book ElyseGrammar book Elyse
Grammar book Elyse
 
Grammar hand book
Grammar hand bookGrammar hand book
Grammar hand book
 
Grammer book
Grammer bookGrammer book
Grammer book
 
Joscelyn roldan
Joscelyn roldanJoscelyn roldan
Joscelyn roldan
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
Honors Spanish 4 Grammar BookHonors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
Honors Spanish 4 Grammar Book
 
Grammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishGrammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanish
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2
 
Grammar book p2
Grammar book p2Grammar book p2
Grammar book p2
 
S2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amataS2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amata
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Spanish 4 grammar book revised
Spanish 4 grammar book  revisedSpanish 4 grammar book  revised
Spanish 4 grammar book revised
 

Similar a Grammar book aida wilkinson

Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar bookms10428
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar bookes10190
 
Spanish Grammar Book
Spanish Grammar BookSpanish Grammar Book
Spanish Grammar Bookcarmenadair
 
Isabel's grammar book
Isabel's grammar bookIsabel's grammar book
Isabel's grammar bookirinaromano
 
Grammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishGrammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishannpear
 
S2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amataS2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amataAmata_Leno
 
Grammar Book Jacinta Regnery
Grammar Book Jacinta RegneryGrammar Book Jacinta Regnery
Grammar Book Jacinta RegneryJacintaRegnery
 
Grammar book aida wilkinson
Grammar book   aida wilkinsonGrammar book   aida wilkinson
Grammar book aida wilkinsonalliewilkinson
 
Grammar book spanish
Grammar book spanishGrammar book spanish
Grammar book spanishelisabetd
 
Grammar bookupdated
Grammar bookupdatedGrammar bookupdated
Grammar bookupdatedrawryo
 

Similar a Grammar book aida wilkinson (20)

Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Spanish Grammar Book
Spanish Grammar BookSpanish Grammar Book
Spanish Grammar Book
 
Grammar book hsp2
Grammar book hsp2Grammar book hsp2
Grammar book hsp2
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Isabel's grammar book
Isabel's grammar bookIsabel's grammar book
Isabel's grammar book
 
Grammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishGrammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanish
 
Grammar Book
Grammar BookGrammar Book
Grammar Book
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book 1
Grammar book 1Grammar book 1
Grammar book 1
 
S2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amataS2 h grammar book amata
S2 h grammar book amata
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar Book Jacinta Regnery
Grammar Book Jacinta RegneryGrammar Book Jacinta Regnery
Grammar Book Jacinta Regnery
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book aida wilkinson
Grammar book   aida wilkinsonGrammar book   aida wilkinson
Grammar book aida wilkinson
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book spanish
Grammar book spanishGrammar book spanish
Grammar book spanish
 
Grammar bookupdated
Grammar bookupdatedGrammar bookupdated
Grammar bookupdated
 

Grammar book aida wilkinson

  • 2. 1. Nationalities Commands + Irregulars + 18. Deber + Infinitive 2. Stem Changing Pronoun Placement 19. Modal Verbs 3. Para 11. Irregular Affirmative Tú 20. Present Progressive 4. Indirect Object Commands 21. Adverbs Pronouns 12. Negative Tú Command 5. Object Pronoun + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement Placement 6. Gustar 13. Irregular Negative Tú Commands 7. Affirmative and Negative Words 14. Sequencing events 8. Superlatives 15. Preterite 9. Reflexives 16. Trigger Words 10. Affirmative Tú 17. –Car, -Gar, -Zar
  • 4. CHANGE … TO … EXAMPLES U – UE Jugar – Juego (Yo) E – IE Pensar – Piensas (Tú) O – UE Dormir – Duerme (Él/Ella/Usted) E-I Pedir – Piden (Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes)
  • 5. Use para (for, in order to) to indicate… The recipient of items …el regalo para tu mamá Purpose Vamos al restaurante para comer. Implied purpose Tengo dinero para [comprar] algo.
  • 6. Indirect object pronouns are nouns that tell to whom/what or for whom/what. Indirect object pronouns replace or accompany indirect objects. Singular me me te you (familiar) le you (formal), him, her Plural nos us os you (familiar) les you, them
  • 7. • Attach the pronoun to the infinitive • Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense • Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command • Place the pronoun before a conjugation
  • 8. When you want to talk about things that people like, change the form of gustar to match the singular or plural nouns for those things. Singular me gusta nos gusta te gusta os gusta le gusta les gusta Plural me gustas nos gustas te gustas os gustas le gustas les gustas
  • 9. Affirmative When you want to talk about an Words indefinite or negative situation, algo something you use an affirmative or a alguien someone negative word. algún/agluno(a) some Notice that alguno(a) and siempre always ninguno(a) must match the gender or the noun they replace también also or modify. Alguno and ninguno Negative Words have different forms used before nada nothing masculine singular nouns. nadie no one alguno algún ningún/ninguno(a) none, not any ninguno ningún nunca never tampoco neither, either
  • 10. ◊ To express the extremes with most adjectives, drop the final vowel and add the ending –ísimo(a). The adjective must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. La idea de Rosa es interesantísima. Rosa’s idea is very (extremely) interesting. ◊ When the last consonant is c, g, or z, spelling changes are required. c qu rico(a) riquísimo(a) g gu largo(a) larguísimo(a) z c feliz felicísimo(a)
  • 11. Reflexive Pronouns me nos te os se se acostarse (o - ue) lavarse los dientes afeitarse levantarse bañarse maquillarse despertarse (e - ie) peinarse dormirse (o – ue) ponerse la ropa ducharse quitarse la ropa lavarse secarse lavarse el pelo/la cabeza
  • 12. Give instructions or command to someone by using the affirmative tú commands of regular verbs. *Notice it is a tú command, but ends like a 3rd house form DOP caminar ¡Camina! ¡Camina en el parque! lo comer ¡Come! ¡Come toda la hamburguesa! la abrir ¡Abre! ¡Abre la puerta, quiero entrar! los las Pronoun Placement 1. Infinitive 2. Gerund 3. Before conjugate verb 4. Affirmative command
  • 13. Infinitive Affirmative Tú Command Typically, if you decir di attach the hacer haz pronoun to the ir ve command poner pon , you add an accent salir sal mark ser sé over the 3rd to last tener ten vowel. venir ven Remember that when you use a pronoun with an affirmative command, EXAMPLE: the pronoun attaches to the command. ¡Ponte otra camisa! >Put on (youself) another shirt!
  • 14. When you tell someone what NOT to do, use a negative command. Negative tú commands are formed by taking the yo form of the present tense, dropping the –o, and adding the appropriate ending. -es –ar verbs -as –er amd –ir verbs Infinitive Yo Form Negative tú Command hablar hablo ¡No hables! volver vuelvo ¡No vuelvas! venir vengo ¡No vengas! ***** Irregulars on next slide! *****
  • 15. A few verbs have irregular negative tú commands. Notice that none of the yo forms of these verbs end in –o. Infinitive Negative tú Command Tener No tengas Venir No vengas Dar/Decir No dés/digas Ir No vayas Ser No seas Hacer No hagas Estar No estés Saber No sepas bject pronouns precede the verbs in negative commands, just as with other conjugated verb EXAMPLE: ¡No lo uses! Don’t use it (the blowdryer).
  • 16. por la … mañana/tarde/noche in/during the … morning/afternoon/night antes de/después los lunes, martes, de etc. before/after on the day Sequencing events primero entonces luego/después por fin first then later/after finally
  • 17.  It is a perfected action in the past.  A snap shot in time! ar verbs: -é -amos -aste -asteis -ó -aron er verbs: -í -imos -iste -isteis -ió -ieron
  • 18. Spanish English Un dia One day Una vez Once Ayer Yesterday A noche At night Hace un ano A year ago Ya Already El mes pasado Last month Anteayer Day before yesterday Por una hora For one hour Por fin Finally A las ocho At eight Dos veces Twice
  • 19. El pretérito; -car, -gar, -zar -car  yo  -qué -gar  yo  -qué -zar  yo  -cé EXAMPLES: Tocar Jugar Comenzar Yo = toqué Yo = jugué Yo = comencé
  • 20. DEBER = SHOULD/OUGHT TO  The verb deber means should or ought to. To say what people should do, use a conjugated form of deber with the inifinitive of another verb. Deber Should/Ought to Debo Debemos Debes Debéis Debe Deben Examples:  Debo barrer el suelo.  Debes limpiar la cocina.  Debe sacar la basura.
  • 21. When verbs are used in modal verb combinations – the 2nd verb is not conjugat but rather left in the infinitive form. You would never say “no puedo nado.” Common Modal Verbs Meaning Deber Should, ought to, must Desear To desire Necesitar To need Poder Can, could, might, be able to Querer Want, would like to Saber Know, know how to Soler Usually, used to
  • 22. estar + “ing” ar  ando er  iendo 3 vowels  yendo Present Progressive Irregulars  Some verbs you know have irregular present EXAMPLES: Participle forms. Bailar = bailando • When the stem of an -er or -ir verb Beber = bebiendo ends in a vowel, change the -iendo Leer = leyendo to -yendo to form the present participle. Verb Irregular • e  I stem-changing verbs have a Present vowel change in the stem Participle • Some other verbs also have a vowel Leer Leyendo change in the stem. Pedir Pidiendo Dormir Durmiendo
  • 23. End adjectives with _a when adding  To describe how something is _mente. done, use adverbs. Many adverbs Adjective Adverb in Spanish are made by changing an existing adjective. cuidadoso(a) cuidadosament e • When an adjective ends in e, l, or z, simply add –mente to the end. rápido rápidamente • For adjectives with –o or –a lento(a) lentamente endings, add –mente to the tranquilo(a) tranquilamente feminine form. Adjective Adverb reciente recientemente frecuente frecuentemente _ly = _mente fácil fácilmente normal normalmente especial especialmente feliz felizmente