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Chapter 5:  Construction Process by Syed Burhanuddin Hilmi Syed Mohamad
Project Format ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Project Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Project Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Project Development ,[object Object],[object Object]
Project Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Construction Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Managing the Project Life Cycle Cleland & King, 1983 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Phase 4 Termination Phase 3 Execution phase Phase 2 Planning phase Phase 1 Conceptual Phase
Construction Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Construction Process ,[object Object],[object Object]
Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Members of the design team develop brief, consider the technical and functional feasibility of the client’s intentions, make general proposals for the project including form, layout, height and floor area, Architect applies for outline planning approval. Outline proposals Client considers project requirements, acquires land, sets up project team, appoints and briefs architect/engineer. Inception Activities Substage
Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Design team prepares the full design of the project and all relevant production information and contract documentation. Architect applies for building plan approval. Detailed design Architect/Engineer finalises brief, and with other consultants, prepares sketch designs which are submitted to the client for approval. Scheme Design Activities Substage
Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Prepares a programme for the project and mobilises resources for construction on sie. Project planning Invites tenders. Quantity Surveyor evaluates the tenders and report to client. Recommends to Client. Client signs a contract with the successful bidder. Tender Activities Substage
Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Main Contractor and subcontractors transform the production information into a physical facility. Members of the design team supervise construction. Architect/engineer issues payment certificates periodically on the recommendation of the Quantity Surveyor. Site Meeting. On completion, Architect, applies for a temporary occupation license. Application for a final certificate. Site Operation Activities Substage
Activities at Various Stages of a construction project George Ofori, 1990 All faults becoming evident during the defects liability period are made good by the contractor. Quantity surveyor prepares the final account for the project. Clients arranges for the management and maintenance of the facility. Operation Activities Substage
On time and within budget ,[object Object]
Construction Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Construction Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Activities During Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Activities During Construction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Site Preparation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Detail Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key Players ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clients ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUPPLIER CONTRACTOR MANPOWER AUTHORITIES FINANCIER CONSULTANTS CLIENT Project Management Consultant Planner Architect Engineers; C&S, M, E Quantity Surveyor Land Surveyor Interior Designer Landscape Architect Administration Site Management Site Worker Domestic Sub Contractor Nominated Sub Contractor Main Contractor Nominated Supplier Manufacturer Vendor Distributor Bank Finance Company Credit Corporation Leasing Company Federal State Local Private Sector Public Sector Parties Involved in the  Construction Industry
[object Object]
Construction Site Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Project Planning and Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Planning ,[object Object],[object Object]
Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INTRODUCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MONITORING and CONTROL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Progress Curves Table 3.4  Combination between S-Curves and Bar Charts Original Schedule Actual progress Cumulative progress (%) 100 0                     Dismantle Plant, Clean Up 12                     Curtain Grout 11                     Spillway Bridge 10                     Radial Gates 9                     Prestress 8                     Install Trash Racks 7                     Install Outlet Gates 6                     Dam Concrete 5                     Foundation Grouting 4                     Diversion Stage  3                     Foundation Excavation 2                     Mobilization 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1     Month Description No.
Project Controlling Procedure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 3.12  Project Controlling Procedure Project plan Project implementation Project control Project updating Measurement Of work performance
Project Controlling  Figure 3.13  Implementation of Project Controlling in Construction Project Implementation of  Project Controlling Construction Design Subcontract Procurement Project Site Main office
Elements of Project Controlling  Figure 3.14  Elements of Project Controlling Action Plan Budget Elements of  Project Controlling Tools Milestone Forecasting
Figure below presents a Gantt Chart generated by Microsoft Project.   Gantt Chart:   The Gantt chart (invented by Henry L. Gantt in 1900's) is a bar chart presentation showing a horizontal bar for each task,  the length of the bar representing the duration of the task.
Construct Bar Chart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bar Charts Limitations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Time Controlling  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Need an effective supervision
Suggestion of Practices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Planning & Scheduling Process IDENTIFY THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES EXTIMATE DURATION OF ACTIVITY DEVELOPED THE PROJECT PLAN SCHEDULE PROJECT ACTIVITIES REVIEW AND ANALYSE THE SCHEDULE OK? IMPLEMENT YES NO
Historical Background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Choice of Scheduling Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Familiarity on the technique to be used ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Type and Size of the Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Purpose & Important of Schedule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ACTIVITY IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR BREAKING DOWN PROJECTS: WHAT? WHERE? WHO? WHEN? HOW?
ACTIVITY DETAIL DEPENDS ON THE FOLLOWING: >Purpose Complexity >Philosophy >Information >Responsibility >Effect of detail
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Work Sequence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
                        Jumlah Terkumpul (Dilaksana) 36 35 34 31 27 22 17 13 9 6 3 1 Jumlah Terkumpul (Dirancang) 1 1 3 4 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 1 Jumlah Mingguan                         36 Jumlah                                                 4 Kerja Bata                                                 4 Tuang Konkrit Tiang                                                 4 Pasang Tetulang Tiang                                                 4 Pasang Acuan Tiang                                                 4 Penambakan                                                 4 Tuang Konkrit Asas                                                 4 Pasang Tetulang Asas                                                 4 Korek Asas                                                 4 Bersih Tapak 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 MINGGU MASA AKTIVITI
2200 3 Finish HVAC 2400 2200 2 Finish plumbing 2300 2600 3 Internal paint 2200 2200 4 Internal finish carpentry 2100 2200 3 Ext paint 2000 2100, 2300 2 Cabinets 1900 1900, 2400, 2500 4 Finish drywall 1800 1800 4 Hang drywall 1700 1500 2 Ext finish carpentry 1600 20000 3 Ext siding 1500 1000, 1600, 2700 3 Shingles 1400 1000 3 Rough Electrical 1300 1300 3 Rough HVAC 1200 Successors Duration (days) Description Act. ID 2 Punch list 2800 2800 4 Grading and landscaping 2700 2800 3 Flooring 2600 2200 2 Finish electrical 2500
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]

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Construction process

  • 1. Chapter 5: Construction Process by Syed Burhanuddin Hilmi Syed Mohamad
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  • 12. Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Members of the design team develop brief, consider the technical and functional feasibility of the client’s intentions, make general proposals for the project including form, layout, height and floor area, Architect applies for outline planning approval. Outline proposals Client considers project requirements, acquires land, sets up project team, appoints and briefs architect/engineer. Inception Activities Substage
  • 13. Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Design team prepares the full design of the project and all relevant production information and contract documentation. Architect applies for building plan approval. Detailed design Architect/Engineer finalises brief, and with other consultants, prepares sketch designs which are submitted to the client for approval. Scheme Design Activities Substage
  • 14. Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Prepares a programme for the project and mobilises resources for construction on sie. Project planning Invites tenders. Quantity Surveyor evaluates the tenders and report to client. Recommends to Client. Client signs a contract with the successful bidder. Tender Activities Substage
  • 15. Activities at Various Stages of a construction project Main Contractor and subcontractors transform the production information into a physical facility. Members of the design team supervise construction. Architect/engineer issues payment certificates periodically on the recommendation of the Quantity Surveyor. Site Meeting. On completion, Architect, applies for a temporary occupation license. Application for a final certificate. Site Operation Activities Substage
  • 16. Activities at Various Stages of a construction project George Ofori, 1990 All faults becoming evident during the defects liability period are made good by the contractor. Quantity surveyor prepares the final account for the project. Clients arranges for the management and maintenance of the facility. Operation Activities Substage
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  • 26. SUPPLIER CONTRACTOR MANPOWER AUTHORITIES FINANCIER CONSULTANTS CLIENT Project Management Consultant Planner Architect Engineers; C&S, M, E Quantity Surveyor Land Surveyor Interior Designer Landscape Architect Administration Site Management Site Worker Domestic Sub Contractor Nominated Sub Contractor Main Contractor Nominated Supplier Manufacturer Vendor Distributor Bank Finance Company Credit Corporation Leasing Company Federal State Local Private Sector Public Sector Parties Involved in the Construction Industry
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  • 36. Progress Curves Table 3.4 Combination between S-Curves and Bar Charts Original Schedule Actual progress Cumulative progress (%) 100 0                     Dismantle Plant, Clean Up 12                     Curtain Grout 11                     Spillway Bridge 10                     Radial Gates 9                     Prestress 8                     Install Trash Racks 7                     Install Outlet Gates 6                     Dam Concrete 5                     Foundation Grouting 4                     Diversion Stage 3                     Foundation Excavation 2                     Mobilization 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1     Month Description No.
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  • 38. Project Controlling Figure 3.13 Implementation of Project Controlling in Construction Project Implementation of Project Controlling Construction Design Subcontract Procurement Project Site Main office
  • 39. Elements of Project Controlling Figure 3.14 Elements of Project Controlling Action Plan Budget Elements of Project Controlling Tools Milestone Forecasting
  • 40. Figure below presents a Gantt Chart generated by Microsoft Project. Gantt Chart: The Gantt chart (invented by Henry L. Gantt in 1900's) is a bar chart presentation showing a horizontal bar for each task, the length of the bar representing the duration of the task.
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  • 45. The Planning & Scheduling Process IDENTIFY THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES EXTIMATE DURATION OF ACTIVITY DEVELOPED THE PROJECT PLAN SCHEDULE PROJECT ACTIVITIES REVIEW AND ANALYSE THE SCHEDULE OK? IMPLEMENT YES NO
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  • 53. ACTIVITY IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR BREAKING DOWN PROJECTS: WHAT? WHERE? WHO? WHEN? HOW?
  • 54. ACTIVITY DETAIL DEPENDS ON THE FOLLOWING: >Purpose Complexity >Philosophy >Information >Responsibility >Effect of detail
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  • 58.                         Jumlah Terkumpul (Dilaksana) 36 35 34 31 27 22 17 13 9 6 3 1 Jumlah Terkumpul (Dirancang) 1 1 3 4 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 1 Jumlah Mingguan                         36 Jumlah                                                 4 Kerja Bata                                                 4 Tuang Konkrit Tiang                                                 4 Pasang Tetulang Tiang                                                 4 Pasang Acuan Tiang                                                 4 Penambakan                                                 4 Tuang Konkrit Asas                                                 4 Pasang Tetulang Asas                                                 4 Korek Asas                                                 4 Bersih Tapak 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 MINGGU MASA AKTIVITI
  • 59. 2200 3 Finish HVAC 2400 2200 2 Finish plumbing 2300 2600 3 Internal paint 2200 2200 4 Internal finish carpentry 2100 2200 3 Ext paint 2000 2100, 2300 2 Cabinets 1900 1900, 2400, 2500 4 Finish drywall 1800 1800 4 Hang drywall 1700 1500 2 Ext finish carpentry 1600 20000 3 Ext siding 1500 1000, 1600, 2700 3 Shingles 1400 1000 3 Rough Electrical 1300 1300 3 Rough HVAC 1200 Successors Duration (days) Description Act. ID 2 Punch list 2800 2800 4 Grading and landscaping 2700 2800 3 Flooring 2600 2200 2 Finish electrical 2500
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