The document outlines the key components of an effective lesson plan including gaining student attention, presenting learning objectives, stimulating prior knowledge, presenting new material, providing guidance, eliciting student responses, giving feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention of the new information. It then provides an example lesson plan on teaching students to recognize an equilateral triangle that applies these lesson plan components, such as defining an equilateral triangle, showing examples, having students create their own, and checking their work with feedback.