2. Subjunctive Mood
• A mood is the way a verb is used in the
sentence:
– a fact is indicative
– a command is imperative
– an exhortation, wish, or possibility is subjunctive
5. Present Subjunctive Translations
• Basic translation is ‘may ____’
• In a main clause, it can be translated 3 ways:
amemus
1. let us love (exhortation)
2. may we love! (wish)
3. we may love (possibility)
8. Purpose Clauses
• The subjunctive is typically used in
subordinate clauses
• These are usually introduced with ut (positive)
or ne (negative)
collem ascendimus ut templum uideamus.
festinamus ne sero adueniamus.
9. Exercise 19.4 #1-3
1. festinamus ut te adiuuemus.
2. Horatius Delphos iter facit ut Apollinis fanum
(shrine) uideat.
3. homines ab omnibus partibus Graeciae
Delphos ueniunt ut dei oracular petant.
10. Indirect Commands
• This is the report of a command
• Introduced with ut/ne
pater puero imperat ut domum redeat.
magister pueris imperauit ne luderent.
11. Exercise 19.9 #1-4
1. mater filiae imperauit ne in uia luderet.
2. filia matrem rogauit ut se ad forum duceret.
3. mater filiam iussit in casa manere et se
iuuare.
4. puella patri persuadet ut se ad forum ducat.
13. Sequence of Tenses
• A quick word about the sequence of tenses
(more in Part III):
– Imperfect subjunctives make the subordinate
clause happen before the main clause
– Present subjunctives make the subordinate clause
happen at the same time as the main clause.
14. Exercise Translations
19.3.1: Let us fight bravely.
19.3.2: Let us not flee. or May we not flee.
19.4.1:We are hurrying so that we may help you.
19.4.2:Horatius makes a journey to Delphi so that he may see the
shrine of Apollo.
19.4.3: Men come from all parts of Greece so that they may seek the
oracles of the god.
19.9.1: Mother ordered the daughter not to play in the street.
19.9.2: The daughter asked the mother to take her to the forum.
19.9.3: Mother ordered the daughter to remain in the house and to
help her.
19.9.4: The girl persuades the father to take her to the forum.