Chemical Reactions for Year 10

Chemical Reactions Year 10 Science

Using this PowerPoint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What’s in This unit? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Some of this you will have covered in Year 9, so this will be revision

What are Chemicals made of? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Groups of Atoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mendeleev and the Periodic Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Periodic Table ,[object Object],[object Object],

Memorising the Elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Have a listen to this crazy guy, he knows them all

So what about atoms? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Structure of The Atom Second Electron Shell (max. 8 electrons) - The Nucleus Protons (+ve charge) Neutrons (no charge) + + + - - Electrons (-ve charge) First electron shell (max. 2 electrons)

The Parts of an Atom ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Particle Location Charge Mass Proton Nucleus Positive (+ve) 1 Neutron Nucleus No charge (neutral) 1 Electron Orbital Negative (-ve) 1/1850

The Periodic Table ,[object Object],[object Object],Mass Number – the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus Element symbol Atomic Number -the number of protons

Lets do a few ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],

Atomic Number (symbol Z ) Mass Number (symbol A ) + + + + + + + + – the number of protons in the nucleus – the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus. So what was that again?

The Structure of The Atom Second Electron Shell (max. 8 electrons) - The Nucleus Protons (+ve charge) Neutrons (no charge) + + + - - Electrons (-ve charge) First electron shell (max. 2 electrons) Lets look at Lithium or It has Protons Neutrons Electrons 3 4 3

Lets draw some ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],

Atomic Number (Z) and the Periodic Table ,[object Object],[object Object]

Patterns in the Periodic table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],

Patterns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical Reactions and Physical Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Signs of Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object]

Metals and Non-metals ,[object Object],[object Object],

Ionic and Covalent Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Let’s look at Beryllium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The beryllium atom is electrically neutral as the positive protons are neutralised by the negative electrons The beryllium ion has a charge of +2 as there are two more protons than electrons The ion loses two electrons to become more stable with a full outer shell -e -e -e -e -e -e

Let’s look at Oxygen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The oxygen atom is electrically neutral as the positive protons are neutralised by the negative electrons The oxide ion has a charge of +2 as there are two more protons than electrons The ion gains two electrons to become more stable with a full outer shell -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e

Getting it together; Beryllium oxide -e -e -e -e Because these ions have opposite charges there is a strong attraction between them this is an IONIC BOND -e -e -e -e -e -e -e -e

 File is called; Patterns in the Periodic Table

Ion Names ,[object Object],Atom name Ion name oxygen (O) oxide fluorine (F) fluoride chlorine (Cl) chloride sulfur (S) sulfide iodine (I) iodide

Ions from the Periodic Table  Atom name Ion name Electrons to lose/gain Counts p e Ion Charge Potassium Potassium 1 lose ,[object Object],[object Object],+1 Calcium 2 lose ,[object Object],[object Object],+2 Chlorine Chloride 1 gain ,[object Object],[object Object],-1 Oxygen 2 gain ,[object Object],[object Object],-2

Table of Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],+1 +2 +3 -2 -1 H + hydrogen Cu 2+ Copper Fe 3+ Iron (III) O 2- oxide Cl - chloride Na + sodium Fe 2+ Iron (II) Al 3+ Aluminium S 2- sulfide F - fluoride K + Potassium Ca 2+ Calcium SO 4 2- sulphate I - iodide Li + Lithium Zn 2+ Zinc CO 3 2- carbonate OH - hydroxide NH 4 + Ammonium Mg 2+ Magnesium HCO 3 - hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) Pb 2+ Lead NO 3 - nitrate

Compound Names and Formulae ,[object Object],[object Object]

Try these….  File called; Naming and Writing Compounds

Balancing Compound Formulae ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

So how….? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Try these…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

… .and these tricky ones!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Polyatomic Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Try these…. ,[object Object], File called; Breaking Down Polyatomic ions Ion Name Ion Formula Element count Valency (Charge) OH - O=1, H=1 -1 nitrate NO 3 - HCO 3 - S=1, O=4 ammonium NH 4 +

Polyatomic Ions in Formulae ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Balancing Formulae Practice ,[object Object],[object Object]

How well do you Understand? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical Reactions for Year 10

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Chemical Reactions for Year 10