The document defines and provides examples of different types of folktales, including trickster tales, fables, pourquoi stories, and fairytales. It also outlines common elements that are typically found across many folktales, such as themes of fear, good vs evil, flat characters representing lessons or morals, fantasy settings of time and place, and a basic plot structure involving conflicts resolved through kindness or courage. Students are then tasked with collecting and analyzing their own folktales to identify these common folktale elements.