Denominations

1. Catholic and
Protestant Practices

2. How was the Catholic
Church structured?

3. Catholic
• hierarchical, monarchy,
absolutism, democrat
• popes: greatest authority
• bishops: authority over priests and
laypeople
• priests: guide believers and administer the
sacraments (baptism, marriage ceremonies)
• church members/laypeople

4. Power within
Catholic Church
Copy this diagram
Pope
Bishops
Priests
Nuns
Church members/laypeople

5. How is the structure of
the Catholic Church
like the structure of
monarchies?

6. Absolutism
• monarchy claimed “divine right” to rule
• a system of government in
which the ruler claimed sole power
• France: fear of chaos, loss of royal
power, so king allied with the
Catholic Church
• bureaucracy: censorship of press, non-
elected officials, rules/regulations/laws

7. Power within Monarchies
Monarchs: kings, queens
Nobles (wealthy land owners)
Knights (served noble lords; vassals:
knights that protected nobles in exchange
for land)
Peasants

8. Religious controversies combined with
dynastic rivalries (1648 map)

9. Why did the Protestant
Reformation begin?

10. Unpopular Catholic Practices
• Protestants do not believe priests need to be
middlemen between Christians and God
• Clergy did not know church teachings
• Jesus drove money lenders out of the temple; the
pope sold indulgences in the church
• Protestants do not believe in purgatory, a pre-heaven
• Protestants do not believe charity/good
works are necessary for salvation; they
believe faithing in God alone saves souls

11. Luther, Calvin, Tyndale, and
Henry VIII (8th) Started
New Protestant
Denominations (Churches)
Currency denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, etc.
Christian Church
Denominations

12. Protestant
• federalism, republican, congregational,
priesthood of all believers,
constitutionalism
• liberty, equality of worth, personal responsibility
• compacts: etymology-- “agreements” (1590s
Latin), guidelines, looser than a contract

13. Power within
Protestant Churches
Copy this diagram
Church members/laypeople
Church elders, deacons, elected board
members
Ministers/Pastors/Reverends

14. Constitutionalism
• England: Civil War (1642-1646)
• Abolished total power of monarchs (now
figureheads)
• Declared England a "Commonwealth":
etymology- "common well-being" (15th
century/1400s)
• Protestants helped replace with republican
form of government

15. How was the American republic
structured like Protestant churches?
“We hold these truths to be self-
evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights”, Declaration of
Independence.
“The United States shall guarantee
to every State in this Union a
Republican Form of Government”,
United States Constitution.

16. Influences of Republican Self-Government
Copy this diagram
Moses’s republic Roman republic
Protestant churches American republic

17. Protestant Model for
Self-Government
Copy this diagram
God
Constitution
Citizens
Representatives