1. Tecnologias
De Informacion I
Prof. Fdo. Edgar Diaz-Prado
Depto de Informatica
Universidad Regiomontana

2. Chapter 5
DATA BASES
&
Data Warehouse
Prof. Fdo. Edgar Diaz-Prado
Depto de Informatica
Universidad Regiomontana

3. Chapter
5
Data Resource Management

4. Why Study Data Resource Management?
• Today’s business enterprises cannot
survive or succeed without data and
quality data about their internal operations
and external environment.
• Data at companies, is the blood!

5. Data Resource Management
Definition:
• A managerial activity that applies
information systems technologies to the
task of managing an organization’s data
resources to meet the information´s
needs of the business.

6. Foundation Data Concepts
• Character – single alphabetic, numeric or other
symbol
T, %, Ñ, 4, +
• Field – group of related characters
Lolita, Student, 34,290.45, 70-04-12

7. Foundation Data Concepts
• Entity – person, place, object or event
• Attribute – characteristic of an entity
• Relationship – the way two or more entities can be
related or associated
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-7

8. Foundation Data Concepts
Entidad Atributos
• NumEmpleada – 242726
• Nombre – MaryJose
Schoedra
• Dirección – Sierra
Barrada 20-C
• Fecha-Nacimiento –
1990-05-29
• Puesto – Chef-A
• Salario – 54,860.45
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-8

9. Foundation Data Concepts
– Relationship between Entities
Is Employee of
Employee Company
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5-9

10. Foundation Data Concepts
• Database

11. Data Vs Information
• Data – a collection of facts made up of text,
numbers and dates:
Villareal 35000 7/18/86
• Information - the meaning given to data in the way
it is interpreted:
Mr. Villareal is a sales person whose annual
salary is $35,000 and whose hire date is
July 18, 1986.

12. Foundation Data Concepts
What is a
Database?

13. An Example of a Table (or File)
Fields or Attributes
Records
Name E-mail-Link Phone College
Graff rgraff 392-3900 Pharmacy
Harris bharris 392-5555 Medicine
Ipswich zipswich 846-5656 PHHP

14. Basic Database Concepts
• Table Name: Barry Harris
• A set of related College: Medicine
records Tel: 392-5555
x Record
– A collection of data Name: Barry Harris
College: Medicine
about an individual item Tel: 392-5555
x Field
– A single item of data Name: Barry Harris
common to all records

15. Foundation Data Concepts
• Record – collection of attributes that describe an entity
• File – group of related records
• Database – integrated and related collection of files.
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 15

16. Entities and Relationships

17. What is a Database Systems
• Database:
a very large, integrated
collection of data.
• Models a real-world enterprise
• Entities (e.g., Doctors, patientes)
• Relationships
(e.g., The Doctor is attending
patients)
•

18. What is a Database Systems
Relationships

19. ?
Why Study Databases??
Need for DB has exploded in the last years in many
fields, such as:
• Corporate: retail sector, customer relationship
mgmt, supply chain mgmt, data warehouses,
enterprise management, human resources,
finance and accounting, etc.
• Scientific: digital libraries, Human Genome
project, NASA Mission to Planet Earth, physical
sensors, grid physics network

20. Labels of Abstraction
Architecture of Data Bases
Users
• Views describe how
users see the data.
• Conceptual schema View 1 View 2 View 3
defines logical structure
Conceptual Schema
• Physical schema
describes the files and Physical Schema
indexes used.
DB
• (sometimes called the
ANSI/SPARC model)

21. Example: University Database
• External Schema (View):
• Course_info(cid:string, cname:string,
cteacher: string)
• Conceptual schema: View 1 View 2 View 3
• Students(sid: string, name: string,
login: string, age: integer, gpa:real) Conceptual Schema
• Courses(cid: string, cname:string,
credits:integer) Physical Schema
• Teachers(tid:string, tname:string,
tdepart:string)
• Physical schema (in physical DB): DB
• Relations stored as unordered files.
• Index on first column of Students.

22. Data Independence
• Applications insulated from
how data is structured and View 1 View 2 View 3
stored.
• Logical data independence:
Protection from changes in Conceptual Schema
logical structure of data.
Physical Schema
• Physical data independence:
Protection from changes in
physical structure of data. DB

23. Database Systems: Years ago.

24. Database Systems: Today
From Friendster.com on-line tour

25. Databases in action

26. Types of Databases
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 26

27. Types of Databases

28. Types of Databases
• Operational – store detailed data needed to
support the business processes and operations
of a company
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 28

29. Types of Databases
• Distributed – databases that are replicated
and-or distributed in whole or in part to network
servers at a variety of sites
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 29

30. Types of Databases
• External – contain a wealth of information
available from commercial online services
and from many sources on the World
Wide Web
• Hypermedia – consist of hyperlinked
pages of multimedia
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 30

31. Hypermedia Database

32. Data Warehouse
Definition:
• Large database that stores data that have
been extracted from the various
operational, external, and other
databases of an organization
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 32

33. Data Mart
Definition:
• Databases that hold subsets of data from
a data warehouse that focus on specific
aspects of a company, such as a
department or a business process

34. Data Warehouse & Data Marts
Data Mart
Marketing
Data Data Mart
Warehouse Production
Data Mart
sales

35. Data Warehouse & Data Marts

36. Chapter
5
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 36

37. Chapter
5
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 37

38. Chapter
5
End of Chapter´s
First Part.
Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 - 38