2.  Fullerenes are closed hollow cages consisting of carbon
atoms interconnected in pentagonal and hexagonal
rings. Each carbon atom on the cage surface is bonded
to three carbon neighbors therefore is sp2 hybridized.
 C60 is most studied fullerene due to its
availability, high symmetry and low price.
 Functionalizing the fullerene C60 molecule increases its
solubility in organic solvents and also enhances its
processability.

3.  The few of the applications of fullerenes are-
A. Artificial photosynthesis
B. Non-linear optics
C. In cosmetics.
D. In surface coatings
E. Bio logical applications

4.  It is a powerful antioxidant, reacting readily and at a
high rate with free radicals, which are often the cause
of cell damage or death.
 It behaves like a "radical sponge," as it can sponge-up
and neutralize 20 or more free radicals per fullerene
molecule.
 It possess a novel ability of selectively entering
oxidation-damaged cerebral endothelial cells rather
than normal endothelial cells and then protecting them
from apoptosis.

5. UV Whitening Cream contains
Fullerene RS™, a patented Nobel Prize
technology, which is a superior radical
scavenger with unparallel anti-
oxidation effect that eliminates free
radicals and inhibits UVA-Induced
melanin formation.

6.  Fullerenes hold great promise also in non-
physiological applications where oxidation and radical
processes are destructive (food spoilage, plastics
deterioration, metal corrosion).

7. Factors That need to be kept in mind !
 Compatibility
 Degree of its Usage in the body
 Target Area
 Effect after a Pre-Specified Time

8. • Drug
Delivery
Vehicles

10.  Fullerenes form an interesting system for Drug
Delivery.
 They are Strong Drug Adsorbents.
 Water soluble Fullerene Derivatives which were
localized closely to Mitochondria gave a new
perspective on the use of Fullerenes in drug
delivery systems.
 Nakamura and co-workers designed a Fullerene
that is used to condense p-DNA

14.  Composite coatings based on inorganic fullerene-like
material (IFLM) Nanosphere powders are being
developed to reduce friction and improve wear
resistance in parts where there are rolling and sliding
contacts, such as:
 Ball bearings
 Chains
 Gears
 Pumps
 Screws
 Artificial joints

15.  When IFLM are incorporated into a matrix, the
particles allow independent control of friction and
wear, with consistent tribological performance.
 Tribology is the science and engineering of interacting
surfaces in relative motion.

16.  The coatings produced are
divided into three main groups:
1) Metal matrix
2) Polymer matrix
3) Matrix-less

17.  Produced using materials such as nickel and
cobalt by suspending IFLM powder in a
plating bathing solution.
 Offer hard coatings for high load applications
 Based on aqueous coating techniques [galvanic
process], they can accommodate large parts, but
these components need to be able to withstand being
immersed in the solution’.

18.  Suitable for more intermediate load-bearing
applications due to the softer matrix
 Polyketone
 Polypropylene
 Polyethylene
 Nylon

19.  Continuous fullerene films (85% C60, 15%
C70) of thickness ∼10 nm have been
sublimed on a metallic substrate previously
coated with a 1‐nm‐thick Ge sublayer.
 The films show no surface potential variations when
scanned with a Kelvin probe of 1 mV and 1 mm
potential and spatial resolutions.
 Transmission electron microscopy reveals the
fullerene films to be amorphous.

20.  Antibacterial fullerene-based particles, termed
nC60, were coated onto a polystyrene surface to
evaluate their ability to prevent biofilm formation by
Pseudomonas mendocina.
 If the surface is conducting, then it actually promotes
biofilm formation
 The electronic properties of fullerenes and their
apparent ability to encourage biofilm formation has
potential for microbial fuel cell applications.

22.  Fullerenes act as ‘radical sponges’
scavenging around 20 free radicals per
molecule of fullerene.
 This action is due to the electron deficient
alkene nature of fullerenes which take up
the electrons and scavenge the radicals.
 The efficiency of these entities goes up to
around 100 times the leading antioxidants.
 Oxidation causes cell death & damage and
also deterioration of plastics, food spoilage
and metal corrosion and so the application
of fullerene based on this property .

23.  There are rejuvenated creams based on vitamin C60
which had replaced vitamin E (released by nano-c in
japan).
 Also other fullerene derivatives like PEG modified
fullerene, hydroxy fullerene and isostearate mixed
fullerene act as great radical scavengers similar to
ascorbic acid or its 2-o-phosphorylated derivative and
are also used in similar other applications.
 C60, vitamin E, and three C60 derivatives have been
shown
to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by superoxide
and hydroxyl radicals and on these lines we have a
product called oilfresh 1000, which is used in
restaurants for deep frying machines and gives
crispier, better tasting and better consistency deep fried
foods.

24.  Another application is the Zelen Fullerene C60 Day
Cream which incorporates nanoscale C60 Fullerene and
it turns out that the material has remarkable
antioxidant properties. Zelens claims its newly released
day cream is the first to harness the power of Fullerene
C-60 carbon for cosmetics applications. That helps to
explain the product's £150 ($250) price tag.

25. Fibers and Fabrics with Carbon
Nanotubes-CNTs
 Fibers spun of pure Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have recently
been demonstrated and are undergoing rapid
development, along with Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
composite fibers. Such super-strong fibers will have many
applications including body and vehicle armor, transmission
line cables, woven fabrics and textiles.