2. 15th century Italy was not a country, but a group of individual and sometime warring city-states such as Florence, Milan, Padua, etc. Merchant families- such as the Medici- rose to power. THEY BECAME MAJOR ART PATRONS AND HELPED LAUNCH THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
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6. Uccello shows a battle for one of the city states here in this tempera painting, of 1438. He also shows the use of perspecitve as “discovered” or developed by Brunelleschi. Italian Renaissance went a step further than their Flemish colleagues in perspective…
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8. Perugino, The Delivery of the Keys to Saint Peter, Fresco , 1481, right wall of the Sistine Chapel, Rome. Shows linear perspective and low horizon line, orthogonals to v. point
9. Brunelleschi’s Dome (Florence Cathedral), 1417-36; 1471, etc. Brunelleschi was favored by the Medici and jailed when Cosimo was jailed. Artist who perfected system of mathematical perspective Daring innovator, engineer. Designed dome WITHOUT center supports; architectural feat for that time. Dome supported on lantern. Flashcard How can you make an egg stand on end without center supports?
10. Church of San Lorenzo (nave), 1430s-70, Brunelleschi - did 1st architectural perspective drawing using his theory of mathematical perspective for patrons
11. Brunelleschi designed & built the Foundling Hospital (orphanage) in 1419. The medallions are still loved today … Patron: Silk & Goldsmith’s Guild of Florence as a public service Example of Renaissance style architecture-Corinthian style column with high light arches.. Proportions in line with Renaissance art/science of proportions flashcard
12. Detail of Terra Cotta Medallion, 1487 Foundling Hospital, Florence Andrea della Robbia Family secret blue and white glazing - babies show human side of Renaissance humanism Guild public service flashcard
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14. Church of Sant’Andrea, Mantua, 1470 Leon Battista Alberti Who also wrote the treatise on perspective, art, etc.
15. Trinity with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors Masacccio, 1425 Masterpiece of perspective - 1st true painting with linear perspective Illusion of reality You can see the grids and perspective lines where he laid strings in the plaster http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/math5.geometry/unit11/unit11.html - perspective flashcard http://www. youtube .com/watch? v=EQZdwM1e1GM &feature=related
16. Expulsion from Paradise , fresco, (adam and Eve), 1427, Masaccio From the Brancacci Chapel Study of anatomy & underlying muscle and bone structure, combined with expressivism and emotions of Adam & Eve upon being cast out of Eden More psychological than Flemish painters Inspired by ancient Roman sculpture flashcard
18. View of Frescoes by Masaccio & Masolino & Lippi (collaboration in Brancacci Chapel in Florence). Unfortunately Masaccio died in 1428 or 1429 before completing his part of the fresco.
19. Tribute Money, Masaccio, 1427, fresco, Brancacci chapel. flashcard Most innovative of early early Italian Renaissance painters..3 scenes w/in one setting, Peter catches a fish with a gold coin in its mouth to pay Caesar’s taxes on the right, central figures around Jesus where Jesus tells them to Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar’s (Florentines being taxed for military campaign at the time of this painting). Integrates architecture, figures, and landscapes realistically w/ perspective Green robe shaded w/red, strong modeling of figures, consistent light source..this fresco was studied by Michelangelo .
20. Annunciation , Fra Angelico, fresco, 1438-45. Painted for a monastery in Florence. Probably commissioned by Cosimo de’ Medici. Linear perspective, natural light. Part of a series painted in the monastery to help guide the monks’ prayers. Columns here show new building technique used by Brunelleschi. flashcard
23. Battle of the Nudes , Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Engraving, 1465 - study of anatomy
24. Hercules & Antaeus , bronze figurine, 18” tall, del Pollaiuolo, c. 1475 (early Renaissance) Influence of classical Greek & Roman sculpture Study of Anatomy Patrons: smaller statues that could be enjoyed or placed in the homes of middle class families Del Pollaiulo’s patron was the Medici family; he was trained as a painter, sculptor, and goldsmith
25. Gates of Paradise , (east doors), Baptistry of San Giovanni, Florence, Ghiberti 1425-52, bronze, 15’ high (4.5 meters) Flashcard “ I strove to imitate nature as clearly as I could, and with all he perspective I could produce, to have excellent compositions with many figures.” Competition held in 1401 to commission this prestigious set of doors… Brunelleschi & Ghiberti were top competitors Patron: Wool Mfgrs. Guild Name coined later by Michelangelo 1 point perspective, 10 old testament scenes Technological advance from earlier doors-revived LOST WAX method of relief sculpture
26. Jacob & Esau, panel from the Gates of Paradise , Ghiberti 1435 Intuitive and linear perspective, high and low relief figures give amazing sense of depth Jacob & Esau story from Genesis in Bible Esau symbolizes Jews and Jacob Christians Flashcard part 2
29. David, Donatello, Bronze, 5’2”, 1446-60, early Italian Renaissance 1st life-size male nude statue since antiquity David shown standing on the head of Goliath Exaggerated contrapossto position Hat of a fashionable Renaissance young man; David shown as adolescent Originally stood in courtyard of Medici palace-Medici were patrons of Donatello Inscription suggests iconography symbolizing the victory of Florence over Milan in 1428 “ The victor is whoever defends the fatherland. Al-powerful God crushes the angry enemy. Behold, a boy overcomes the great tyrant. Conquer, O citizens!”
30. Gattamelata (Equestrian Monument of Erasmo da Narni), Donatello, Bronze, about 12 feet high, 1443 1st life size bronze equestrian statue since antiquity Shows General of Venetian army Self-made man of the Renaissance, powerful condottieri Donatello stayed in Padua (northern Italy) for years and founded a school of sculpture. flashcard
31. Sources: Marcus Aurelius & another ancient Roman equestrian statues.
32. Mary Magdalen , Donatello, wood, 6’ tall, 1450s Extremely expressive statue of the saint, who became a hermit after Jesus’ death. Shows her emaciated and aged, clothed in her own hair, after years of wandering in the wilderness. Donatello rejected classical form in this figure. Vision of the hereafter. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekkOfn002tI&feature=PlayList&p=6F27851475601E03&index=9
33. Andrea del Verrochio followed with this statue in the late 15th century. Bartolomeo Colleoni, General of Venice is portrayed here. Vitality and energy; image of will and domination in this portrait of a condolietteri.
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35. Legend of the True Cross , Piero della Francesca painted this fresco in the 1450s. Brought from Florence to Urbino by powerful patron Federico da Montefeltro. Used linear perspective & simplified geometric forms. Façade in background mimics Alberti’s. Della Francesca wrote about geometry and art in a book. Part of a cycle of frescoes in this church about the true cross of Jesus.
36. Battista Sforza & Federico da Montefeltro , oil on wood, 1474. Piero della Francesca painted this dual portrait of the Duke of Urbino & his wife Battista. flashcard Flemish influence seen in oil paint & luminous colors; also landscape background. Strict profile tradition makes subjects seem distant from viewers Painting on reverse side shows humanistic interests of Montefeltro’s court and is full of iconography.
37. Reverse side of dual portrait by della Francesca, Triumph of Federico and Battista Duke is crowned by a winged Goddess (either Victory or Fortune); also shown are Justice, Prudence, Fortitude, and Temperance. Battista’s cart is pulled by a Cherub and driving a team of unicorns.. Faith & Charity hold a pelican, symbol of maternal sacrifices. Inscriptions praise Battista’s restraint and virtues, and Federico’s moderation and fame.
38. Camera Picta (Newlywed Ceiling), Andrea Mantegna, fresco, 1465-74, Mantua. Flashcard Mantegna studied in Padua with influence of Donatello. Patron was the Gonzaga family, painted this for their palace ceiling. False oculus, trompe l’oeil effect. Di sotto in su… Shows radical perspective views and foreshortening. BEGAN LONG TRADITION OF ILLUSIONISTIC CEILING PAINTING. Interested in classical literature & archaeology.
39. In Venice, the Bellini brothers created many OIL paintings inspired by the Flemish Procession of the Relic of the True Cross before the Church of St. Mark , Gentile Bellini, oil on canvas, 1496, Galleria dell’ Academia, Venice. Narrative of annual festival celebrating a 1444 miracle recovery of a dying child. Father in red robe kneeling is praying for his child’s recovery. perspective
40. Virgin & Child Enthroned , 1478, Giovanni Bellini, Hospital of San Giobbe, Venice Sacra conversacione (know this term): sacred conversation between Mary, saints, angels, and donors as shown in this type of piece. In real life of course they are not conversing (from different times and places) but joined in mystical communion outside of time.
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42. Primavera, Sandro Botticelli, 1482, Florence. Tempera on wood . Allegory combining Christianity with classical stories, Venus of Earth, Venus of Heaven. Orange trees mean fertility. Revived female nude in art. Figures seem to float. Secular painting of religious subject made for Lorenzo Medici’s wedding. Inspired by Flemish tapestry.
43. Birth of Venus , Botticelli, tempera, 1484. Flashcard. How is this neoplatonism? Wait a minute…. . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5L-B_fW7Ow
45. Ghirlandio Painted frescos in Sassetti chapel in Florence Showed poetic, mystical spirit Religious fervor at end of 15th century
46. Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds , Sassetti Chapel Altarpiece, Florence, Ghirlandaio, 1485. flashcard Ghirlandaio painted this after viewing van der Goes’ altarpiece, which came to Florence from Bruges in 1483. He even copies some of Hugo’s flowers, the iris, and has Jesus on the ground. However, he puts in classical Roman pilasters instead of a medieval setting. Linear & aerial perspective.
48. OK lets’ look at early Renaissance groundbreakers: Contest- include Early Northern & early Italian Find FIRSTS or groundbreakers in the following categories-be specific Printmaking Architecture Relief Sculpture-techniques Painting techniques Perspective Portraiture Subjects in painting Large Scale nudes Revival of Greek philosophies Patronage outside Church
Artist: Paolo Uccello Title: The Battle of San Romano Medium: Tempera on wood panel Size: approx. 6' X 10" 7" (1.83 X 3.23 m) Date: 1438–40 Source/ Museum: National Gallery, London. Reproduced by courtesy of the Trustees
Artist: Perugino Title: The Delivery of the Keys to Saint Peter, Schematic Drawing Showing the Orthogonals and Vanishing Point Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Perugino Title: The Delivery of the Keys to Saint Peter Medium: Fresco Size: 11'5½" X 18' 8½" (3.48 X 5.70 m) Date: 1481 Source/ Museum: On the right wall of the Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome
Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi Title: Dome of Florence Cathedral Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: 1417–36; lantern completed 1471; the gallery, 1515 Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi; continued by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Title: Nave, Church of San Lorenzo, Florence Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: c. 1421–28, nave (designed 1434?) 1442–70 Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi Title: Foundling Hospital, Florence Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: Designed 1419; built 1421–44 Source/ Museum: Italy
Artist: Andrea della Robbia Title: Detail of Terra-Cotta Medallion Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Leon Battista Alberti Title: Façade, Church of Sant’Andrea, Mantua Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: Designed 1470, begun 1472 Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Masaccio Title: Trinity with the Virgin, Saint John the Evangelist, and Donors Medium: Fresco Size: 21' X 10"5" (6.4 X 3.2 m) Date: c. 1425–27/28 Source/ Museum: Church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence
Artist: Masaccio Title: The Expulsion From Paradise Medium: Fresco Size: 7' X 2' 11" (214 X 90 cm) Date: c. 1427 Source/ Museum: Brancacci Chapel
Artist: Masaccio Title: The Expulsion From Paradise Medium: Fresco Size: 7' X 2' 11" (214 X 90 cm) Date: c. 1427 Source/ Museum: Brancacci Chapel
Artist: Frescoes by Masaccio and Masolino (1426–27) and Filippino Lippi (lower register) (c. 1482–84) Title: Interior of the Brancacci Chapel, Church of Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence Medium: Frescoes Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Masaccio Title: The Tribute Money Medium: Fresco Size: 8'1" X 19'7" (1.87 X 1.57 m) Date: c. 1427 Source/ Museum: Brancacci Chapel
Artist: Fra Angelico Title: Annunciation Medium: Fresco Size: 7' ½" X 19'6" (230 X 297 m) Date: c. 1438–45 Source/ Museum: North Corridor, Monastery of San Marco, Florence
Artist: Andrea del Castagno Title: The Last Supper Medium: Fresco Size: approx. 16' 32' (4.6 X 9.8 m) Date: 1447 Source/ Museum: Refectory, Convent of Sant’Apollonia, Florence
Artist: Antonio del Pollaiuolo Title: Battle of the Nudes Medium: Engraving Size: 15 ⅛ X 23¼" (38.3 X 59 cm) Date: c. 1465–70 Source/ Museum: Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio. Bequest of Herbert Greer French. 1943.118
Artist: Antonio del Pollaiuolo Title: Hercules and Antaeus Medium: Bronze Size: height with base 18" (45.7 cm) Date: c. 1475 Source/ Museum: Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
Artist: Lorenzo Ghiberti Title: Gates of Paradise (East Doors), Baptistry of San Giovanni, Florence Medium: Gilt bronze Size: height 15' (4.57 m) Date: 1425–52 Source/ Museum: Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Florence
Artist: Lorenzo Ghiberti Title: Jacob and Esau, panel of the Gates of Paradise (East Doors), Baptistry of San Giovanni, Florence Medium: Gilt bronze Size: 31¼" (79 cm) square Date: c. 1435 Source/ Museum: Formerly on the Baptistry of San Giovanni, Florence / Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Florence
Artist: Lorenzo Ghiberti Title: Gates of Paradise (East Doors), Baptistry of San Giovanni, Florence Medium: Gilt bronze Size: height 15' (4.57 m) Date: 1425–52 Source/ Museum: Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Florence
Artist: Title: David Medium: Bronze Size: height 5' 2¼" (1.58 m) Date: c. 1446–60(?) Source/ Museum: Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence
Artist: Donatello Title: Equestrian Monument of Erasmo Da Narni (Gattamelata) Medium: Bronze Size: height approx. 12'2" (3.71 m) Date: 1443–53 Source/ Museum: Piazza del Santo, Padua
Artist: Donatello Title: Equestrian Monument of Erasmo Da Narni (Gattamelata) Medium: Bronze Size: height approx. 12'2" (3.71 m) Date: 1443–53 Source/ Museum: Piazza del Santo, Padua
Artist: Donatello Title: Mary Magdalen Medium: Polychromy and gold on wood Size: height 6'1" (1.85 m) Date: 1450s(?) Source/ Museum: Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Florence
Artist: Andrea del Verrocchio. Bronze cast by Alessandro Leopardi Title: Equestrian Monument of Bartolommeo Colleoni, Campo Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice Medium: Bronze Size: height approx. 13' (4 m) Date: Clay model 1486–88; cast after 1490; placed 1496 Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Piero della Francesca Title: Recognition and Proving of the True Cross Medium: Fresco Size: 11'8" X 24'6" (3.56 X 7.47 m) Date: 1450s Source/ Museum: San Francesco, Arezzo
Artist: Piero della Francesca Title: Battista Sforza and Federico da Montefeltro Medium: Oil on wood panel Size: each 18 ½ X 13" (47 X 33 cm) Date: c. 1474 Source/ Museum: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Artist: Piero della Francesca Title: Triumph of Federico and Battista (Reverse of Battista Sforza and Federico da Montefeltro ) Medium: n/a Size: n/a Date: n/a Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Andrea Mantegna Title: Camera Picta Medium: Frescoes Size: Diameter of false oculus 8'9" (2.7 m) room 62' 6" square (8 X 5 m square) Date: 1465–74 Source/ Museum: Ducal Palace, Mantua
Artist: Gentile Bellini Title: Procession of the Relic of the True Cross before the Church of Saint Mark Medium: Oil on canvas Size: 12' X 24'5" (3.67 X 7.45 m) Date: 1496 Source/ Museum: Galleria dell’Accademia, Venice
Artist: Gentile Bellini Title: Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Francis, John the Baptist, Job, Dominic, Sebastian, and Louis of Toulouse (Computer reconstruction) Medium: Oil on wood panel Size: 15'4" X 8'4" (4.67 X 2.54 m) Date: c. 1478 Source/ Museum: Commissioned for the Chapel of the Hospital of San Giobbe, Venice / Galleria dell’Accademia, Venice. The original frame is in the Chapel of the Hospital of San Giobbe, Venice. c. 1478
Artist: Sandro Botticelli Title: Primavera Medium: Tempera on wood panel Size: 6'8" X 10'4" (2.03 X 3.15 m) Date: c. 1482 Source/ Museum: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Artist: Sandro Botticelli Title: Birth of Venus Medium: Tempera and gold on canvas Size: 5'8 ⅞ " X 9' 1 ⅞ " (1.8 X 2.8 m) Date: c. 1484–86 Source/ Museum: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Artist: Sandro Botticelli Title: Birth of Venus Medium: Tempera and gold on canvas Size: 5'8 ⅞ " X 9' 1 ⅞ " (1.8 X 2.8 m) Date: c. 1484–86 Source/ Museum: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Artist: Domenico Ghirlandaio Title: View of The Sassetti Chapel with scenes from the Legend of Saint Francis ; altarpiece with Nativity and Ad oration of the Shepherds Medium: Fresco Size: Chapel: 12'2" deep X 17'2" wide (3.7 X 5.25 m) Date: 1483–86 Source/ Museum: Church of Santa Trinità, Florence
Artist: Domenico Ghirlandaio Title: Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds, Sassetti Chapel Panel, Altarpiece, Santa Trinità, Florence Medium: n/a Size: 65¾" square (1.67 m square) Date: 1485 Source/ Museum: n/a
Artist: Domenico Ghirlandaio Title: Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds, Sassetti Chapel Panel, Altarpiece, Santa Trinità, Florence Medium: n/a Size: 65¾" square (1.67 m square) Date: 1485 Source/ Museum: n/a
