3 g

WiMAX and 3G Cellular:
Competitive or
Complementary?
Mohamed K. Nezami, Ph.D., KI4CUA
Princess Sumaya University for Technology
Amman , Jordan
DRAFT

E-mail: mnezami@psut.edu.jo

Ph. 0777-38390

M.K. Nezami, Ph.D./2007 Source [ ]

Presentation Outline

• Legacy Wireless Networks (1st, 2nd, 2.5, and 3rd
Generation).
• Formation of the Fourth Generation Wireless Networks.

• Emerging Wireless Broad Band Access Networks.
– WiMax & 3G.
– IP multimedia subsystem (IMS).
– Convergence, interoperability, and coexistence.
• A look at future 4G Wireless Networks.
DRAFT

• Potential new research and business developments.
– Israel REMON wireless R&D program
– India’s IIT wireless R&D program

1

Abstract

The rapid evolution of wireless networking technologies has opened up new
possibilities for wireless delivery of voice and multimedia services. In
addition to the legacy GSM and current third generation (3G) mobile
networks, new broadband wireless access technologies such as PANs,
WLANs, WiMAX, Flash-OFDM, and DVB-H are emerging as alternative
means to provide services to mobile users. These technologies are also
offering possibilities for new players to enter the markets, inducing
competition and possibly threatening the businesses of established players.
For wireless service providing companies, government regulating agencies
and researchers, it is necessary to distinguish between these systems and
to be able to envision their differences and commons. In this presentation
Dr. Mohamed Nezami overviews these systems and the standards and
DRAFT

services that governed their emergence. Then he performs an analysis of
the emerging wireless technologies such as 3G and WiMax and their
m arket potential and their technical challenges.


Emerging Applications

Dead ! GSM GPRS/EDGE UMTS/WiMax

1G 2G 3G Video Streaming Remote
Medical
Video Service
Conference (Medical
(High quality) image)
384 2,000
Still Video on
Data Transmission Speed - k bps

Imaging Demand:
Audio Streaming Sports, News
144 Weather

Text Messaging Video
128 Conference
(Lower quality)
Image Mobile TV
Voice Video Surveillance,
64 Video Mail, Travel
Electronic
Newspaper JPEG
Voice Still Photos E-Commerce
Mail
Electronic
32 Publishing Karaoke Mobile
DRAFT

Fax Radio
E-Mail
9.6
Telephone Data Audio
(Voice) Weather, Traffic, News, Voice-driven Web Pages
Sports, Stock updates Streaming Audio
0


2

DRAFT



Talk, listen, watch,
DRAFT

command, surf, play, …..

3

Higher Speed Demand
DRAFT


Current Wireless International Standards
Coverage (Range)
DRAFT

802.11 (WLAN),
802.15 (WPAN), Wireline Portable Low Mobility High Mobility
802.16 (WMAN).


4

IEEE802.15 (WPAN)
DRAFT


Wireless Local Area Networks (IEEE802.11 WLAN)

802.11n

>100MbPS
DRAFT


5

Coverage and Mobility of current Systems

802.20
802.16
Coverage

10km
802.16e
2G/2.5G Cellular

3G Cellular
1km
802.16d
HSDPA/
HSUPA
100m
802.11
WLAN
10m
DRAFT

Bluetooth 802.15.3a (UWB)

0.1 1 10 100
Data Rate (Mbps)

Coverage and Mobility of Current Systems

802.20
Vehicular
HSDPA
2G/2.5G Cellular

3G Cellular

802.16e
Mobility

802.15.3a
Nomadic
802.16d (UWB)

802.11 WLAN
802.15 WPAN
Stationary 802.16
DRAFT

(Bluetooth)

Link Bit Rate Mbps
0.1 1 10 100


6

Coverage and Mobility of current Systems
DRAFT


Optical Connection to Homes
Bandwidth

Wireline Portable Low Mobility High Mobility
1 Gbps

100 Mbps

10 Mbps WLAN,
150-250
WiMax
HSD
Fiber

Km/hr
ADSL, ADSL2,

P
VDSL2

A
ADSL2+

1 Mbps UMT
S
DRAFT

100 kbps
EDGE+GPRS
ISDN
POTS

10 kbps
GSM+GPRS
Mobility

7

Legacy Wireless Networks: 2G & 1G

• GSM: Global System of Mobile communications/ 1992
• GPRS peak data rates of 140 kbps; EDGE data rates
of 384kbps
• Difficult costly to 3G and International Roaming is
available

• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access: IS-95/1993
• Peak data rate of 14.4kpbs
DRAFT

• Difficult costly evolution to 3G limited to USA and
Korea


WCDMA (UMTS) with HSDPA

• HSDPA : High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

• Peak data-rate per sector : DL – > 14.4 Mbps
UL – > 2.0 Mbps

• LTE > 70Mbps
DRAFT

WCDMA=UMTS=IMT2000=3G


8

Evolution of WLAN IEEE802.11x
DRAFT


Evolution of WLAN IEEE802.11x
DRAFT


9

Current View of Wireless Runners

Wi-Fi WiMAX 3G/HSDPA
Mature technology Larger coverage Full mobility
but limited coverage but limited mobility but lower speed
DRAFT

Mobile-Fi
Promises everything
4G

Transmission Technology behind WiMax and 4G

FDM OFDM
DRAFT

OFDM uses bandwidth which
is not available for use in
traditional FDM

10

Principle of WiMax
DRAFT


Performance of Current Wireless Runners

802.11 802.16 802.20 UMTS
WiFi WiMAX Mobile-FI 3G R99
Bandwidth 11-54 Mbps shared Share up to 70 Mbps Up to 1.5 Mbps each 384 Kbps – 2 Mbps
Coverage is overlaid
Range (LOS) 100 meters 30 – 50 km
3 – 8 km on wireless
Range (NLOS) 30 meters 2 - 5 km (’07) infrastructure

Mobility Portable Fixed (Mobile - 16e) Full mobility Full mobility

Frequency/ 2.4 GHz for 802.11b/g 2-11 GHz for 802.16a Existing wireless
<3.5 GHz
Spectrum 5.2 GHz for 802.11a 11-60 GHz for 802.16 spectrum

Licensing Unlicensed Both Licensed Licensed
802.16, 802.16a and 802.16
802.11a, b and g 802.20 in Part of GSM
Standardization standardized
REVd standardized, other
development standard
under development
DRAFT

Standards coming
Availability In market today Products 2H05
Product late ‘06
CW in 6+ cities

Intel, Fujitsu, Alcatel, Cisco, Motorola,
GSM Wireless
Backers Industry-wide Siemens, BT, AT&T, Qualcom and
Industry
Qwest, McCaw Flarion


11

Coverage and Throughput of Current Systems

Blue- 802.11a/b/g 802.11n 802.16a 802.16e 2G, 2.5G,
Tooth WiFi WWiSE WiMax WiMax 3G
TGnSync Mobile
Range <10m 100m 100m 50 km < 5 km < 10K

Status Mature Widely emerging Std. Pre-std. mature
deployed
Freq. 2.4 2.4, 5.8 Ghz 2.4 Ghz 2-11 2-6 869-
Ghz Ghz Ghz 894 Mhz
Speeds Low - Very high, Very high, Med- Med- Low-high,
kbps 11-55 Mbps 100 Mbps high, 1- high, ~1 kbps -
10 Mbps Mbps
Mbps
DRAFT

App. Phone Local Area Local Metro Metro Cellular
Laptop Network, Area B-band Mobile
PDA laptop, PDA Network, Internet
laptop,
PC PDA

802.15 (Bluetooth 1.1) 802.11b (WLAN) 802.11a/g (WLAN) 802.16 - 2004 (WiMAX)
Frequenza di 5 GHz 802.11a 2.4 GHz 802.11b,g
2.4 GHz (ISM) 2.4-2.4835GHz 2-11 GHz Licensed/Unlicensed
lavoro Unlicensed
Fino a 10m (Short-range, NLOS Fino a 50km, dimensione media di
Raggio <100m < 100m
Piconet) cella 6-9km (NLOS)

Bit Rate Fino a 1 Mbps Fino a 11.5Mbps 54Mbps di picco Fino a 75 Mbps in canali da 20MHz

<100mW Indoor & outdoor 802.11g
Tre classi di potenza <1mW, <2,5mW
Potenza <100mW <200mW Indoor & <1000mW outdoor 1W-3W
e <100mW
802.11a
Piconetcom: nodo master e massimo 13 canali parzialmente sovrapposti,
7 nodi slave. Usa 79 canali con ognuno largo 22 MHz, utilizzanti la 23 canali in 802.11a e 3 canali in Allocazione di banda flessibile e
Scalabilità
frequency hopping, ciascuno di banda modulazione DSSS - Direct 802.11g pianificazione di celle semplice
1 MHz Sequence Spread Spectrum
Usa uno schedulatore Round-robin o 802.11e sviluppa lo standard - 802.11e sviluppa lo standard -
QoS QoS inclusa nel livello MAC
schedulatori costruiti ad hoc attualmente no QoS attualmente no QoS
802.16e (WiMAX) 802.20 (MobileFi) WCDMA (UMTS)

2-6 GHz Licensed bands ( < 6 GHz) < 3,5 GHz Licensed 1,920 – 2,170 GHz
Accesso MAN, NLOS, roaming
Accesso MAN > 15 km, NLOS, WAN con dimensione media cella
locale/regionale utilizzando impianti
roaming e mobilità 500-1000m
802.16-2004
> 4Mbps (picco DL aggregato per
DRAFT

Fino a 75Mbps downstream cella) >800kbps (picco UL aggregato 384kbps mobile e 2Mbps stanziale
per cella)

TBD 500mW 125mW-2W

Banda di canale 1.25 MHz (2x1.25
Compatibile con tecniche di accesso
MHz paired FDD, 2.5 MHz unpaired Cellulare con 5MHz carrier
fisse
TDD), Tipicamente < 5 MHz

QoS inclusa nel livello MAC Allo studio QoS garantita


12

Comparison of Complimentary Standards
802.15.1 802.11a/g 802.16a 802.16e 802.20 Comments
(Bluetooth (WLAN) (WiMAX) (WiMAX)
1.1)
Frequency 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 802.11a 2-11 GHz 2-6 GHz < 3.5 GHz • 802.16e is a mobility
ISM band 2.4 GHz 802.11b,g Licensed/Unlice Licensed bands ( < 6 Licensed adjunct to high-data rate
Unlicensed nsed GHz) fixed service, symmetric
data with local/Regional
mobility. Vehicular speeds
of 120-150 km/h

Range Up to 10m Sub – 100m Up to 50km, Metropolitan Area Metropolitan Area • 802.20 fully mobile,
Short-range, Avg. cell size: 6- Access, NLOS, Access, > 15 kms, 250km/h, high throughput,
NLOS Piconet 9km, Local/Regional NLOS, ubiquitous symmetric data service –
NLOS, optional roaming support and MAN, global mobility suitable for high-speed
STC deployable in existing and roaming trains
16a footprint Typical cellular?

Bit Rate Up to 1 Mbit/s Peak 54 Mb/s Up to 74.7 High-data rate fixed >4 Mbps (DL peak
Mbit/s in 20 wireless user with aggregate/cell)
MHz channels adjunct mobility >800 kbps (UL peak
service aggregate/cell)

Power < 30mA < 350mA TBD TBD TBD
DRAFT

Scalability Piconet with Channel BW is 20 Flexible ch. BW Channel BW >5 MHz Channel BW is 1.25 802.16a limited by
master and up to MHz wide and cell to accommodate Optimized for and MHz (2x1.25 MHz available spectrum (150
7 slaves. Uses planning is license & backwards paired FDD, 2.5 MHz in 2.5 GHz, 12 MHz in
79, 1 MHz constrained license-exempt compatible with Fixed MHz unpaired TDD), 2.1 GHz)
Channels for bands Stations Typically < 5 MHz 802.16 has large blocks on
frequency Easy cell the order of 1 GHz+
hopping planning

QoS Uses basic No QoS support. QoS built into Channelization and Under Study! 802.16a: grant request
Round-robin 802.11e working to MAC control for multimedia MAC
Scheduler or standardize Voice/video, services with QoS 802.11: contention based
M.K. Nezami, Ph.D./2007
custom-built Differentiated Source []
MAC
schedulers services

DRAFT


13

Spectrum Allocation
Providing affordable coverage is crucial in wireless telecommunications
Lower frequencies are best for lower coast circuits

WCDMA
2.1
TD-SCDMA
GSM 2.1
900 802.15.3a
CDMA CDMA 802.15.1 UWB
CDMA 1.7 1.9 Bluetooth 3.1-10.6
800 2.4 802.16
GSM 802.11 a, e LMDS
CDMA 802.11 b, g Wi-Fi
1.8 28-29
450 Wi-Fi 5.0
2.4
1GHz 2GHz 5GHz 11GHz 29GHz
DRAFT

cdma2000® 802.16a, e 802.16a, e
450, 800, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1 WiMAX WiMAX Licensed
2-11 5.8
Licensed &
Unlicensed
Unlicensed

Licensed Spectrum vs Unlicensed Spectrum
The use of unlicensed spectrum creates interference issues

UMTS (3G) Spectrum 2005 - 2007
DRAFT


14

WiMax Spectrum by Region 2005 - 2007

2.3, 2.5, 3.5, 2.5, 3.5, 2.3, 2.5, 3.5,
5.8 GHz 5.8 GHz 5.8 GHz

2.3, 2.5, 3.7,
5.8 GHz

2.3, 2.5, 3.3,
3.5, 5.8 GHz 3.5, 5.8 GHz

2.5, 3.5,
5.8 GHz
DRAFT

Expect WiMAX deployments
Expect WiMAX deployments
Also at ~~700 MHz
Also at 700 MHz

WiMax Spectrum by Region 2005 - 2007

• Favored frequencies
– 2.3 GHz - 2.5 GHz : Mobile services
– 3.5 GHz : Fixed services
DRAFT

700MHz ???

Source: IDATE

15

WiMax Spectrum

License
Licensed Licensed Exempt
2.5 GHz 3.5 GHz 5.8 GHz
Mobile Fixed / Nomadic Fixed / Nomadic
(mobile)
DRAFT


Evolutions of Current
Standards Toward 3G
DRAFT


16

Evolutions of Current Standards Toward 3G
Future
2G Initial 3G Evolved 3G
Evolution
IS-2000 IS-2000 IS-2000 *
Rev C Rev D
Rev A (1xEV-DV)
1994 1998 1999 (1xEV-DV)

IS-2000
IS-95A IS-95B (cdma2000 1x)
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
IS-856 IS-856 IS-856 IS-856
Rev 0 Rev A Rev B Rev C
(1xEV-DO) (1xEV-DO) (1xEV-DO) (1xEV-DO)
Standards Completion
Dates (or expected
completion dates) shown IS-1006 IS-1006-A
in RED (BCMCS) (EBCMCS) 2008+

R’99 Rel’6 Rel’7 Rel’8
Rel’5
(UMTS) (E-DCH, (Enhanced HSPA+?
(HSDPA)
MBMS) HSDPA) LTE?
DRAFT

1989 1997 1998

Rel’97 Rel’98 1999 2006
GSM 2002 2005 2007
(GPRS) (AMR)

Rel’7
Jordan R’99 Rel 6
(GERAN
(EDGE) (SAIC)
M.K. In 2007 Ph.D./2007
Nezami, Source [ ]
Enhancements)

Evolutions of Current Standards Toward 4G

2000~2002 2003~2004 2005~2006 2008~2010

2Mbps/2Mbps 2Mbps/14.4Mbps 30Mbps

WCDMA WCDMA(R5) WCDMA(R6)
Cellular HSDPA HSUPA
Based 153kbps/
(3GPP, 307kbps 153kbps/2.4Mbps 1.8Mbps/3.1Mbps 3G LTE
EV-DO
3GPP2) 1.8Mbps/4.9Mbps* HSOPA
EV-DO
cdma2000 1x Rev. A EV-DO
Rev. B EV-DO
100Mbps Rev. C
802.11n 4G
11Mbps 54Mbps 6Mbps/18.4Mbps 100Mbps

802.11b 802.11a/g WiBro
DRAFT

Internet
Based 802.20
(IEEE) 75Mbps(Fixed) Harmonization

802.16a/b/d 802.16e


17

Evolutions of Current Standards to Beyond 4G
1G
1G 2G - 2,5G - 2,75G –– 3G
2G - 2,5G - 2,75G 3G 3,5G –– B3G –– 4G
3,5G B3G 4G
WCDMA
WCDMA 384kbps - 2 Mbps
TACS
TACS GSM
GSM (UMTS) HSPDA
HSPDA
(UMTS)
Analog
Analog GPRS
GPRS (UMTSR5) 8-10 Mbps?
(UMTSR5)
WWAN
WWAN

115 kbps 384 kbps
EDGE
EDGE
3.1 Mbps
AMPS
AMPS CDMA2000
CDMA2000
1xEV-DO
1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV
1xEV-DV 2-75 Mbps? Cognitive
Analog
Analog 1xRTT
1xRTT Cognitive
144 kbps 2.4 Mbps MobileFi
MobileFi Radio
Radio
802.20
802.20 WRAN
WRAN
WiMAX
WiMAX 80.22
BWA

80.22
BWA

WLL
WLL 802.16-2004
802.16-2004
802.16-2001
802.16-2001 802.16e
802.16e 18 Mbps?
2-155 Mbps (802.16REVd)
(802.16REVd)
At 10-60GHz 2-75 Mbps 2-4 Mbps?

WiFi
WiFi
802.11g
802.11g
802.11b

Increasing Range and Mobility Ł
WLAN

802.11b
WLAN

54 Mbps 802.11n
802.11n
At 2,4 GHz
11 Mbps WiFi5
WiFi5 100+ Mbps
At 2,4 GHz
802.11a
802.11a 54 Mbps
At 5GHz
DRAFT

Bluetooth
Bluetooth Bluetooth
Bluetooth Bluetooth 2.0
Bluetooth 2.0
1.1
1.1 1.2
1.2 EDR
EDR
WPAN

721 kbps 2,1 Mbps
WPAN

1 Mbps
802.15.1
802.15.1 Zigbee
Zigbee Zigbee +
802.15.4 250 Kbps Zigbee + 1 Mbps
802.15.4
UWB
UWB NG UWB
NG UWB
802.15.3a
802.15.3a
100 Mbps+ 480 Mbps

M.K. Nezami, Ph.D./2007 2005
2005 2006
2006 2007+
2007+
Source [ ]

iDEN Evolutions

world GSM GPRS EDGE

NTT DoCoMo
Japan PDC W-CDMA HSPDA
&T
AT

iDEN iDEN
U.S. packet data
Jordan
a
re Xpress
IS-136 Ko
U.S. Is dead!
DRAFT

IS-95B cdma2000 1xEV-DV
U.S./Asia IS-95A
(1XTREME)

1xEV-DO
2G 2.5G 3G (HDR)


18

Current 3G-GSM integration into an all IP network

v IMS : IP Multimedia SubSystems

Node-B RNC/MSC SGSN GGSN

I-CSCF BGCF
MGCF
Other IMS
P-CSCF
S-CSCF SGW

BTS BSC/MSC PDSN IMS-MGW PSTN
MRF
DRAFT

RAN Domain IMS Domain


Evolution of 3G Radio Rates

• Release '99 Early 3G deployment

• Release 5 IMS - IP-based Multimedia Services
• HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access

• Release 6 2nd phase of IMS
nd
• Many other features designed to exploit multimedia
communications, Internet access
DRAFT

LTE Release TBD ???

3GPP WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA LTE


19

Evolution of 3G Radio Rates

Peak Network Data Rates

100000

10000
kbits/sec

1000
UL
DL
100

10

1
GPRS EDGE WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE
DRAFT

Technology

LTE was initiated to make 3G competitive with WiMax


3G Long Term Evolution LTE

• Physical layer:

– Downlink based on OFDMA
• OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc

– Uplink based on SC-FDMA
• SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited
for uplink from hand-held devices
• (battery power considerations)

• Access Network consideration:
– For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which
minimized the number of nodes
DRAFT

3GPP WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA LTE


20

3G Long Term Evolution LTE

– Data rate of 100Mbit/s (downlink)
– Cellular VoIP
– < 20ms latency

• Competes with WiMAX and DVB-H

• IP optimize network
DRAFT


Ready HSDPA Laptops Now Selling !
Fujitsu Lifebook Q2010 Lenovo T60 Dell Latitude 620

Cat 12 HSDPA Laptop Cat 12 HSDPA Laptop Cat 12 HSDPA Laptop
UMTS 2100 UMTS 1900/850 UMTS 2100
Quadband GSM Quadband GSM Quadband GSM

Dell Latitude 820 Acer 5650 Lenovo X60
DRAFT

Cat 12 HSDPA Laptop Cat 12 HSDPA Laptop Cat 12 HSDPA Laptop
UMTS 2100 UMTS 2100 UMTS 2100
Quadband GSM Triband GSM Quadband GSM


21

What is Beyond 3G?
Advanced techniques:
HARQ,
Turbo Coding, LDPC
• Suitable for emerging applications. Advanced Packet
MIMO
Antenna Diversity
Beamforming
• IP-based. All-IP
All-
Link adaptation
Smarter MACs
OFDMA
• Ubiquitous seamless service. Scheduling
Inter-cell coordination
…etc

• Higher speed.
Crete new technology
Bandwidth request and allocation
• Cheaper.
DRAFT

• Lower Battery consumption


Mobile Packet Networks

Service Domain
Host
Subscriber
Server (HSS)
Emergency
WiFi/WiMax Alert System
(EAS) IP Multimedia Subsystem

Access Point
Call Session Media Transit
Control Resource Switching
Site Router
Function Function (MRF) Center (TSC)
(CSCF)

PSTN/
Media
Base Transceiver Mobile Gateway ISDN
Station (BTS) Switching
Center (MSC)
Base Station
Controller (BSC) Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
Base Switching Station
(GSM/EDGE) Mobile Packet Backbone
DRAFT

Gateway
Network GSN
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)

Intranets/
Radio Network
Controller (RNC) Multimedia Internet
Gateway
WLAN Access
Server
M.K. Nezami,(WCDMA)
UTRAN Ph.D./2007 Source [ ]

22

Benefits of 3G, WiFi, and WiMax
DRAFT


Comparison of 3G, WiFi, and WiMax
DRAFT


23

WiMax
DRAFT


WiMAX

• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
DRAFT


24

WiMAX Applications

• Broadband Internet
• Multimedia
• IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)
• Cellular Alternative
• Other emerging data applications
DRAFT


WiMAX as Cellular Alternative
DRAFT

• Support IP by default
• VoIP

25

WiMAX as Cellular Alternative
DRAFT


The Family of WiMAX standards

WiMAX is a trade name for a group of IEEE wireless
standards. In that respect, WiMAX like Wi-Fi:

Wi-Fi labels IEEE 802.11 (802.11b, 802.11a, and
802.11g., 802.11n) standards,

WiMAX labels 802.16,
Mobile WiMAX labels 802.16e.
DRAFT


26


802.16(2004) :

•2~11/10 66GHz.
‐
•line of sight(LOS)
•point to multipoint topology
‐ ‐
•FDD/TDD Link
•QoS
•120Mbit/son each 25MHz channel.(64QAM)
•Single Carrier
DRAFT

•Fixed
•max 50Km Radius



–802.16a
•2 11GHz, 75Mbps
‐
•mesh (without relaying by base station)
•OFDM
•Not LOS
–
802.16e(2005.09) : Physical and Medium Access Control
Layers for Combined Fixed and
Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands
•Mobile WirelessMAN
DRAFT

•2~6GHz, 15Mbps
•3~5Km cell radius
•NLOS


27


–WiBro (Korea)
•2.3GHz Licenced Band
•OFDMA PHY
•60Km/h
•Hard Handover•NLOS
DRAFT


IEEE 802.16-2004 Fixed WiMax

IEEE 802.16-2004 is a fixed wireless access technology,
meaning that it is designed to serve as a wireless DSL
replacement technology, to compete with the incumbent DSL or
broadband cable providers or to provide basic voice and
broadband access in underserved areas where no other
access technology exists:

• Developing countries
• Rural areas (DSLAMs does not make sense)
• backhaul for WiFi access points or potentially for cellular
networks,
DRAFT

• Can be used to provide much higher data rates and
therefore be used as a T-1 replacement option for high-
value corporate subscribers.
Wireless backhaul in a Wi-Fi network.

28

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL):

– ADSL technology can deliver data upstream 640
kbps and downstream more than 6 mbps.
– ADSL uses that portion of the telephone line’s
bandwidth that is not utilized by voice, allowing
for simultaneous voice and data transmission.
DRAFT


IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMax

IEEE 802.16e is intended to offer a key feature that
802.16-2004 lacks - portability and mobility. This
standard requires a new hardware/software solution
since it is not backward compatible with 802.16-2004
DRAFT


29

IEEE 802.16-2004

Licensed

The licensed spectrum is found at 700MHz, 2.3GHz,
2.5GHz and 3.5GHz, with the latter two
frequency bands currently receiving the most
attention.

Unlicensed
In most markets, the unlicensed spectrum that could
be used for WiMAX is 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz.
DRAFT


Broadband Market
DRAFT


30

Broadband Market
DRAFT


802.16 for Broadband Wireless Access

• DSL complement
§ DSL is not available, e.g. poor copper infrastructure
802.16
§ DSL OPEX too high, e.g. low population density
§ Central Office is too far away for DSL
§ CLEC bypassing incumbent

• DSL competition
§ If DSL is available, hard to beat
DRAFT

•


31

ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL2 Facts

Data Rate, Mbps
•
• ADSL
ADSL
>100 – Basis for the first commercial solution
– Basis for the first commercial solution
•
• ADSL2
ADSL2
VDSL2 – Boosts performance:13 Mbps // 3 Mbps (DS/US)
– Boosts performance:13 Mbps 3 Mbps (DS/US)
– provides service over longer loop lengths
– provides service over longer loop lengths
– Approx. 500 m more compared with G992.1
– Approx. 500 m more compared with G992.1
– Annex L even more on long loop lengths
– Annex L even more on long loop lengths
•
• ADSL2+
ADSL2+
28 – Boosts performance even more
– Boosts performance even more
– Up to 28 Mbps // 3 Mbps (DS/US)
– Up to 28 Mbps 3 Mbps (DS/US)
– ADSL2+ relevant for loop lengths up to 2 km
– ADSL2+ relevant for loop lengths up to 2 km
•
• VDSL2
VDSL2
13 ADSL2+ – Superior within 1500m range
– Superior within 1500m range
– ITU standard from May 2005
– ITU standard from May 2005

ADSL2
DRAFT

8

ADSL

1 Km 2 Km 3 Km 4 Km 5 Km 6 Km 7 Km Length, Km

ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL2 Facts
DRAFT


32

IEEE 802.16 Operation

A WiMAX Receiver The receiver and antenna could be
a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into
A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a laptop the way WiFi access is today
a cell-phone tower
DRAFT


WiMAX Vision
DRAFT


33

WiMAX Vision

04
Metro Gov’t 6-20
802.1
WiFi Hotzone WiFi

WiFi
Urban WiFi
DSL/T1
04 WiFi
802.16-20
Replacement WiFi

WiFi
4 802
200 .16e
16-
WiFi 802.
WCDM
A
Rural
WCDM 802.
Rural A 16e
DRAFT

Rural Rural WCDM
Broadband A

Cellular
Operator Data
Overlay

WiMAX Vision

BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS

802.16/a
Backhaul

WiFi
802.16
LOS to fixed
outdoor 802.16e
antenna NLOS to MSS
(laptop/PDA..
)

• Fixed Wireless Access: 802.16a
WiFi
WiFi
– DSL to homes and business
802.16a NLOS to
NLOS to fixed fixed Indoor
DRAFT

outdoor antenna
antenna

MSS: Mobile Subscriber Station; LOS: Line of Sight; NLOS: Non Line of Sight


34

WiMAX Vision

Wi-Fi
Wi- Nomadic
Broadband Broadband
Access complementary to
for Enterprise 3G, EDGE & WiFi
802.16-2004 802.16-e

Broadband Access
for Public hotspots
802.16-2004
Broadband
Access @ Home
Wi-Fi
Wi- complementary
to DSL & Cable
DRAFT

802.16-2004

WiFi
*Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.


WiMAX Vision
DRAFT


35

WiMAX Vision
DRAFT


WiMAX Vision
DRAFT


36

WiMAX Vision
DRAFT


WiMAX Vision
DRAFT


37

DRAFT


Migration of WiMAX

Data Rate

Standard
Maturing

Standard
Maturing
Fixed WiMAX
IEEE 802.16d
2005
Portable WiMAX
Nomadic WiMAX
DRAFT

IEEE 802.16d/e
2006?

Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.16e
2007?
Mobility

38

Mobile WiMAX

• IEEE 802.16e
• 2-3km coverage
• High speed hand over
(< 50ms latencies)
• Ensures performance at
vehicular speeds greater
than >120km/h
DRAFT

• < 30Mbps for downlink
• < 15Mbps for uplink


Fixed and Mobile WiMAX

• WiMAX Fixed / Nomadic • WiMAX Mobile
– 802.16d or 802.16-2004 – 802.16e
– Usage: Backhaul, Wireless DSL – Usage: Long-distance mobile
– Devices: outdoor and indoor wireless broadband
installed CPE – Devices: PC Cards, Notebooks
and future handsets
– Frequencies: 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz
and 5.8GHz (Licensed and LE) – Frequencies: 2.5GHz
– Description: wireless connections – Description: Wireless connections
to homes, businesses, and other to laptops, PDAs and handsets
WiMAX or cellular network towers when outside of Wi-Fi hotspot
coverage
DRAFT


39

Performance WiMAX standards
DRAFT


Comparison of WiMAX, WiFi and 3G Technology
DRAFT


40

The Comparison with HSDPA

802.16-2004 802.16e HSDPA

Data Rate 75 Mbps/20MHz 15 Mbps/5MHz 14.4Mbps/5MHz

Cell Radius 5 km 5 km 2 km

Mobility Portable Up to 100 km/hr Up to 120 km/hr

Freq. Allocation 2~11GHz 2~6GHz 1.9~2.2GHz

Spectral Efficiency 3.75 bps/Hz 3 bps/Hz 2.9 bps/Hz

Access Tech. OFDM OFDM/OFDMA CDMA
DRAFT

Modulation BPSK, QPSK, BPSK, QPSK, BPSK, QPSK,
16QAM, 64QAM 16QAM, 64QAM 16QAM


The Comparison with WiBro

IEEE 802.16-2004 IEEE 802.16e WiBro

Frequency 2 GHz to 66GHz 2 GHz-11GHz 2.3 GHz to 2.4 GHz
Range
Modulation BPSK (pilot), QPSK, BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, QPSK (8PSK), 16QAM,
16QAM, 64 QAM 64 QAM 64 QAM
Multiple Access TDMA, OFDM, 256 FFT, Scalable OFDMA 128 OFDMA 1024 FFT
OFDMA, SC to 2048 FFT, TDMA,
OFDM 256 FFT, SC
Duplex TDD/FDD TDD/FDD TDD

Sample 3.5 MHz, 7 MHz 5 MHz, 10MHz 10 MHz
Frequency
DRAFT

Peak Data Rate 134 Mbit/s SC (28 MHz 15 Mbit (in 5 MHz 30 Mbit/s (60 Mbit/s
channel bandwith) channel) with smart
75 Mbit/s OFDM antenna/MIMO)
Mobility - 100 km/h 100 km/h
Guard Interval 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 1/8


41

Mobile WiMAX is a couple of years ahead of LTE
DRAFT

LTE is the technology that is closer to WiMAX
but direct comparison is yet premature


WiMAX Aspect

The advantage compare with WiFi
The advantage compare with
•Coverage wider Nomadic
，
， HSDPA
•Capacity and throughout higher
• Coverage wider
•Replace DSL in suburban
• The mobility is Similar to
•Backhaul solution
HSDPA

The disadvantage compare With
The disadvantage compare With HSDPA
WiFi • Complete HSDPA Chains
• PWLAN had existed • HSDPA could upgrade from
• Complete WiFi chains WCDMA
• WiFi low cost • There were already 82 WCDMA
• WiMAX portable Networks
DRAFT

• WiMAX CPE cost still high • There were already48 HSPDA
Networks


42

Concluding Remarks

• 3G will stay, WiMAX will make personal broadband a reality
• WiMAX will capture a market different from 3G
– Emerging markets will be at the forefront
– 3G operators will not, for once, be first adopters

– WiMAX is designed to cover large area (multiple homes/buildings),
while Wi-Fi is to cover small area (a home/building)

• 3G has a current time-to-market advantage for mobility solutions.
Proprietary vs. 802.16g based solutions will determine how long it
takes to incorporate mobility into 802.16.
DRAFT


Concluding Remarks

• WiMAX was not developed to compete with cellular voice market.
• Delivers wireless broadband anytime, anywhere.
• Internet technology from the ground up.
• One common standard delivers a global platform for mobile Internet services
• 3G and WiMAX will compete, but also have to coexist
• The technology roadmap for cellular and WiMAX is converging fast towards OFDMA,
IP core, IMS
– Will we be able to keep cellular and WiMAX apart?
• 3G and WiMAX differ in their approach to wireless data:
– 3G is a voice technology moving towards data
– WiMAX is a data technology moving towards mobility
• Both 3G and WiMAX meet the requirements for wireless broadband
DRAFT

• Performance differences will not decide which technology is adopted and where
• The challenge for service providers is to understand which technology is better suited
to their needs


43

Concluding Remarks
DRAFT


Concluding Remarks
DRAFT


44

DRAFT


Who Will Deploy WiMax
Fixed broadband Personal broadband Mobile broadband

Mobile operators with a 3G
Mobile operators with a 3G network : extend offering of wireless network: provide increased capacity
broadband to include fixed wireless broadband. Relationship with for data users. No need for extra
RBOCs may make this difficult capacity in the next few years
(or easier to add capacity to existing
networks)

DSL incumbents: offer wireless broadband as an add-on,
DSL incumbents: DSL fill-in strategy. and improve DSL coverage. Relationship with mobile
May not be cost effective operator may make this move difficult

MSOs: 1. cable modem fill-in strategy. MSOs: Extend bundling of services to mobile data, without
May not be cost effective need of MVNO deal. Offer BWA where cable modem is not
2. Enter the business data market available
DRAFT

New entrants, ISPs, IXCs, national carriers: facilities-based approach, offer
fixed and mobile services on own infrastructrure. Significant funding required


45

Wireless IP multimedia subsystem
(IMS)
DRAFT

DRAFT


46

IMS Architecture

Service Network
Application
User / Session Application
Applications Mgmt Charging
Application

Control IMS IMS
TeS
Telephony Mobile
Softswitch Softswitch

Connectivity PSTN IP Backbone
MGW PLMN
MGW

BRAS GGSN
AN
Fixed Broadband 2G/3G
Access Access
WLAN
DRAFT

BSC
RNC


What is IMS?

• 3GPP IMS standards define a network domain
dedicated to the control and integration of multimedia
services.

• IMS is defined by 3GPP from Release 5 onwards
(2002).

• IMS is an Open-systems architecture that supports a
range of IP-based services over both wireless and fixed
access technologies.
DRAFT


47

What is IMS? User prospective

– Imagine starting a voice call on you home phone and
transferring it seamlessly to your mobile as you drive to work.
– Imagine sending a multimedia message from your car that
later appears on your TV screen.
Imagine watching a movie on that same TV, pausing it in mid-
show and then watching it on a wireless PDA as you relax in
the garden.
Imagine having a cell phone conversation with two or three
friends and simultaneously sharing a video of the football
match you are attending.
– Imagine that all of the above can be done with a single account,
on a single log-in with multiple devices over any number of
DRAFT

access networks.
– These are only a few examples of seamless multimedia
services that IMS will allow users to access “anywhere” at
“anytime”

What is IMS? Provider prospective

– Imagine a network that allows operators to reduce CAPEX
though shared functionality and re-use of infrastructure for
multiple services.
– Imagine a network that allow Operators to reduce OPEX
through simplified architecture and that same re-use of
infrastructure for multiple services.
– Imagine a network that allows Operators to mix and match
services to address specific market segments and enable rapid
deployment of new products.
– Imagine a network that will allow operators to open up their
networks to 3rd parties in order to enhance tailored services to
their customers, and limit loss of customers to competitors
– Imagine a network based on open and well defined interfaces
DRAFT

that allows operators the freedom to buy components from
many competitive suppliers.
– Larger product portfolio, simpler / cheaper networks and more
flexible service offerings are only some of the reasons
operators are excited about IMS.

48

IMS IN 3G(R5) and 802.11e
Imagine a radio access network that provides
broadband access to users at home, in the office, in
areas under-served by wireline services and even to
users on the pause or on the move equipped with
portable devices like laptops, PDAs and smartphones.

WiMAX, which is based on IEEE 802.16e, can
provide a flexible radio access solution that offers
these features, based on an attractive full IP
architecture delivering the capacity required to
support wireless broadband services
DRAFT


IMS network

• One network provides
multiple things
• For example:
• Watch TV and use
Internet via cell phone
DRAFT


49

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