1. Unit 1: ENERGY
Stop Monkey-N-ing
around and
Go Green already!
P.S. I’m Mookie the
Monkey
1

2. What is ENERGY?
Energy is
the ability
to do
Work!
_______!
2

3. Work occurs when a
force! causes an
_____
object to _____ in
move!
the same direction as
the force.!
3

5. FORMS OF ENERGY
Both basic states of energy,
Kinetic and potential, can
exist in many forms!!

6. THERMAL (HEAT)
The total Kinetic!
________
energy of the
particles in
matter.
(molecular motion)!
6

7. SOUND
A type of mechanical
energy. It is the
energy produced when
vibrate!
objects ________.
Ex: tuning fork, bell!
7

8. MECHANICAL
Energy with which
moving! objects
______
perform work.!
Ex: Wind, flowing water,
using a hammer!
8

9. ELECTRICITY
A form of energy
produced by
movement!
the ________
electrons!
of ________!
9

10. CHEMICAL
Energy STORED
in chemical
bonds! that can
____
be released.
Ex: food, fossil
fuels, battery
acid! 10

11. STORED MECHANICAL
ENERGY:
Stored energy due to a
change in the shape
of an object. Ex: !
A stretched rubber band!
_______________! 11

12. STORED MECHANICAL
ENERGY:
12

13. LIGHT
A form of radiant!
_______
energy that moves in a
wave!
______.!
Ex: lamp, stars!
13

14. SOLAR ENERGY
All forms of energy that
SUN!
come from the ______.!
14

15. NUCLEAR
Energy
STORED in the
nucleus!
________
(center) of an
atom.!
Ex: nuclear bombs! 15

16. GEOTHERMAL (HEAT)
Heat energy STORED within
Earth!
the _____. Ex:!
Volcanic eruptions, geysers!
16

17. All forms of energy
can be classified as
Kinetic or potential.
The two basic states
of energy. So, what’s
the difference?!17

21. POTENTIAL ENERGY
1) Potential energy is
stored energy due to
and object’s
_____________!
Position!
21

22. POTENTIAL ENERGY
2) An object that is lifted
from its position on Earth
gravitational!
has __________ potential
Energy which depends on
height!
______ and mass!
22

23. POTENTIAL ENERGY
3) Massive objects
have _____
more!
potential energy
than less massive
objects! 23

24. POTENTIAL ENERGY
4) An object at a higher
elevation will have
more!
_____ potential energy
than an object at a
lower elevation!
24

25. KINETIC ENERGY
1) Kinetic is energy
of !
Motion!
___________!
25

26. KINETIC ENERGY
2) Kinetic depends on
the _____ and the
MASS!
_______ of an
SPEED!
object.!
26

27. KINETIC ENERGY
3) Faster objects
More!
have ____
kinetic energy
than slower
objects.!
27

28. REVIEW QUESTONS:
WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST
KINETIC ENERGY?
A
B
D
C

29. WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST
POTENTIAL ENERGY?
A
B
D
C

30. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
Do you remember the
LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF
MASS AND ENERGY?!
30

31. Law of Conservation of
ENERGY: (same for mass)
Can’t be made
Mass/ NRG ____________
Mass/ NRG ______________
Can’t be destroyed
Mass/ Energy can only
__________
Change form!!!

32. DURING ENERGY CHANGES,
IF ONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY,
Gaining
THE OTHER IS _______ ENERGY:
THE WAVE LOSES
ENERGY:
THE SAND
GAINS
ENERGY

33. DURING ENERGY CHANGES,
IF ONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY
THE OTHER IS GAINING ENERGY:
THE WAVE LOSES
ENERGY:
THE SAND
GAINS
ENERGY

34. DURING ENERGY CHANGES
THE TOTAL ENERGY
REMAINS THE SAME
ENERGY ALWAYS FLOWS
FROM
HIGH TO LOW (source to sink)

35. THE ENERGY WILL FLOW FROM:
THE FLAME TO THE
FINGER

36. ENERGY WILL FLOW FROM
ICE
THE FINGER TO
THE ICE

37. THE LIQUID
LOSES ENERGY
AS THE
ICE
GAINS ENERGY

38. WHEN WILL THE EXCHANGE
OF ENERGY STOP?
WHEN
EQUILIBRIUM
IS REACHED
THE LIQUID AND
THE ICE REACH
THE SAME
TEMPERATURE

39. UNUSABLE ENERGY:
Very often during the energy
transformation process,
heat!
some ____ energy is
produced due to friction.
This is wasted energy and
is lost to the environment.!
39

40. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
Example: A !
television changes !
electrical NRG!
into light and!
sound NRG! 40

41. ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
41

42. Do Now: Focused
Free Write
What is different about
how each of the three
popcorns? How were they
made? Explain!

43. Methods of
Energy Transfer

44. Energy moves from
regions of
high
_________
concentration to
low
________
concentrations of
energy. 44

45. Source
_______
To
sink
_______

46. There are 3
methods of Energy
Transfer
 Radiation
 ConDuction
 ConVection

47. ConDuction

48. Explanation of Transfer
Direct contact
(touch)
Molecule
To Molecule

49. -Conduction is a form of
heat transfer by
contact!
direct _______ of
molecules!
49

50. Best Medium for
energy transfer
-Conduction occurs
solids!
fastest in _______!
50

51. metals! are the best
-_______
conductors of he heat
energy.!
51

52. Examples
 Touching a hot
surface
 Electricity

53. Conduction lab:

54. Con ection

55. Explanation of Transfer
Energy transfer
Due to
Density
differences

56. -Convection is a form of
heat transfer that
occurs by up and
down motions of a
fluid!
_______ due to
differences in
______!
density! 56

57. Best Medium for
energy transfer
fluids!
-occurs ONLY in _____
which are liquids and
gases!!
57

58. Examples
 Hot air or water
rising
 Volcanoes
 Lava lamp

59. convection

60.  Radiatio

61. Explanation of Transfer
Electromagnetic (EM)
waves
that move
Through a vacuum
(empty space)

62. -radiation is the transfer
of heat in waves!
_____.!
62

63. -Electromagnetic
radiation travels at
the speed of ______.!
light!
63

64. Best Medium for
energy transfer
No medium
needed

65. Examples
Gamma
X-rays
UV
Visible
Infrared
Microwave
radio

66. HEAT NOTES
1. HEAT: the energy of
particles!
moving __________!
66

67. HEAT NOTES
2. HOT OBJECTS contain
more!
__________ heat
than than cold ones!
67

68. HEAT NOTES
3. All objects above
Absolute zero!
__________ contain
heat! 68

69. HEAT NOTES
4. Heat always flows
hotter!
from ______ objects
to ______ objects
cooler!
until the objects
same!
reach _____
temperature.! 69

70. HEAT NOTES
5. The greater the
difference in
temperature between
the two objects, the
faster!
_________ heat is
transferred.! 70

71. HOW IS HEAT
TRANSFERRED BETWEEN
OBJECTS?
71

72. Heat Transfer at
Work

73. Name that type of
heat transfer!
Conduction!
Radiation!
Convection!
73

74. Heat Transfer
across the globe
 http://www.classzone.com/
books/earth_science/terc/
content/visualizations/
es1705/es1705page01.cfm

75. Specific Heat
Quantity of heat
needed to raise
One gram of any
Substance by
1 degree Celsius

76. Specific Heat
The higher the
Specific heat…
The more energy
is needed to
raise the
temperature

77. Read the
Did you know
box!!!

78. Measuring
Specific Heat
Energy can be measures in
many different ways.
Typical units include:
Joules
____________________,
_________________, &
Watts
calories
___________________

79. The term “Joule” is
named after English
Scientist James
Prescott Joule who lived
from 1818 to 1889. He
discovered that Heat is
a type of Energy!
1,000 joules =1 kilojoule
= 1 Btu

80. PHASES OF
Matter:

81. Matter is anything
made of atoms and
molecules.

82. A) SOLID
B) LIQUID
C) GAS

83. Motion How is it Does it have Volume?
(Kinetic bonded? A definite
energy) shape?
Solid Little
K.E.
Molecules Strong yes yes
vibrate
More
Liquid K.E. Not
Molecules bonded no yes
move
freely rigidly
Most
Gas K.E. Not no no
Molecules
move
bonded
fast

84. What are the changes of phase called?
FREEZING
solid liquid
MELTING
CONDENSATION
liquid gas
VAPORIZATION

85. 2. ENERGY IS RELEASED (lost)
DURING:
FREEZING
SOLID LIQUID
CONDENSATION
LIQUID GAS
from higher K.E. to lower K.E.

86. 3. ENERGY IS ABSORBED (gained)
DURING:
MELTING
SOLID LIQUID
VAPORIZATION
LIQUID GAS
from lower K.ETo higher K.E.

87. Energy stored during a phase
change is called
Latent heat
__________________
No change in
temperature
87

88. TAKE OUT
YOUR
EARTH
SCIENCE
REFERENCE
TABLES 88

89. Heating Curve of Water
VAPORIZATION
100 STEAM
temp CONDENSATION
0C
WATER
MELT
0
FREEZE ICE
HEAT ENERGY ADDED
(Joules)

90. MELTING / FREEZING
Energy is absorbed
+ 334 J/gram
00 C 00 C
- 334 J/gram
Energy is released

91. VAPORIZATION/
CONDENSATION
Energy is absorbed
+2260 J/g
1000 C -2260 J/g 1000 C
Energy is released

92. 1. Which phase changes release
energy?
freezing & condensation
2. Which phase changes absorb
energy? Vaporization
& melting
3. Which phase has the
most K.E.?
GAS (STEAM)

94. Waves:
Waves are disturbances that
transfer energy from place to place.
If you throw a stone into a pond,
circular waves move along the
surface since some of the stones
kinetic energy was transferred.

95. Waves:
The substance through which waves
travel is called a medium. This can be
solid, liquid or gas.
Light does not need a medium it can
travel through empty space called a
vacuum.

96. Waves:
There are two types of waves:
Transverse and Compressional.
Compressional
Transverse

97. Sound Energy:
Sound waves are compressional
and they need a medium to travel
through. When sound travels
through air its vibrates the air
molecules until it reaches your ear
and then it vibrates the bones and
tissues of your ear.

98. Sound Energy:
Sound waves are much slower
than light waves. This is why you
see lighting before your hear
thunder. Light waves are
transverse.

100. The Earth is always trying
to achieve Equilibrium
Energy is constantly being
re-distributed flowing
from source to sink

101. The Earth
Receives
Energy
from
two
sources:

102. SUN

103. Radioactive
Energy
CORE

104. All matter radiates
some
_____________
Electromagnetic
_____________
Energy

105. The sun emits energy
in _____
ALL
wavelengths
of the
electromagnetic
spectrum

106. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

107. Each type of energy differs
in its wavelength
__________
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

108. A wavelength is the distance
between two crests of the wave.

109. Frequency is defined as a
number of cycles per unit time.

110. The Sun gives off light
and heat in the form of
VISIBLE
_________________
and
UV
__________________
electromagnetic energy.

111. However, the short
wavelengths
(dangerous UV
radiation) are mostly GAMMA
absorbed by the
ozone so they don’t OZONE
reach earth’s surface

112. The Ozone layer is found
in the
stratosphere
_________________
layer of the
atmosphere.

113. 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

114. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

115. SHORT
WAVE LENGTHS ARE MOSTLY
ABSORBED by THE OZONE IN
THE STRATOSPHERE
gamma, X-RAYS
OZONE

116. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

117. SHORT
WAVE LENGTHS ARE MOSTLY
ABSORBED by THE OZONE IN
THE STRATOSPHERE
gamma, x-rays, UV
OZONE

118. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

119. This energy is absorbed
by Earth’s surface, which
in turn reradiates the
energy in the form of
heat called
infrared
________________
radiation

120. OZONE
VISIBLE LIGHT :
PASSES THROUGH
THE ATMOSPHERE
WITH THE
GREATEST
INTENSITY

122. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

124. 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Increasingwavelength
Decreasingwavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

125. Sun emits all
Infrared: wavelengths
Heat energy that
Earth re-radiates

126. How does too
Much CO2 contribute to
Global warming?
CO2
H2 0 VAPOR
INFRARED
METHANE GAS
CO2 absorbs
infrared

127. Interactions
between
Electromagnetic
Energy & The
Environment:

128. 1. ABSORBTION - UV ABSORBED by
OZONE IN STRATOSPHERE
INFRARED ABSORBED BY CO2&H2O vaporoxide
methane, nitrous
2. REFLECTION - BY CLOUDS, ICE,
SNOW & WATER
3. SCATTERING - BY AEROSOLS,
WATER DROPLETS, ICE CRYSTALS,
AIR POLLUTANTS, DUST, POLLEN
4. LIGHT IS BENT AS IT
REFRACTION MOVES THROUGH
VARIED DENSITIES
5. TRANSMISSION WHEN ENERGY
PASSES THROUGH
A MEDIUM

129. 1. ABSORPTION
2. REFLECTION
3.SCATTERING
4. REFRACTION
5. TRANSMISSION

130. Less than
half
______of the
incoming solar
radiation
is received
by the Earth’s
surface

131. Surface properties of
the Earth and
Absorption of Energy:

132. Reflection vs. Absorption & Radiation
Color:
Light (white) reflects
dark (black) absorbs
Texture:
Rough surface absorbs
smooth surface reflects

133. Absorption
 Good absorbers are also good re-radiators.
 What type of surface is the best absorber?
– Dark Pavement warms before
– Rough grassy lawns.
 What type of surface is the best reflector of
radiation?
– Light Snow and Ice reflect
– Shiny insolation and remain
– Flat cold.

135. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:
LAB
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4
gamma X ray Microwaves
Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves
Decreasing wavelength Increasing wavelength
visible
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

136. Spectroscope
Lab

137. Greenhouse Effect
Short wavelength visible light enters the greenhouse, is
absorbed, then re-radiated as longer wavelength infrared
(heat). The glass traps the infrared.

138. What is Global Warming?
increase
An ___________ in
the Earth’s
Average surface
air temperature

139. THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
139

140. THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
HEAT IS
TRAPPED BY
THE GLASS OF
THE GREENHOUSE
Incoming is
Short wave
outgoing is Ex: Visible light
Longer wave
Infrared
140
Energy absorbed

141.  Short wave radiation
Visible light
like ___________
passes through the
glass of a greenhouse
and is
absorbed
_______________ by
the objects inside the
greenhouse.
141

142.  These objects
reradiate
__________________
the energy as
infrared Long Wave Radiation
___________________
_, which get reflected
back into the
greenhouse and warms
the air.
142

143.  In Earth’s atmosphere,
there are many gases
that act like the glass
of a greenhouse and
trap
________ long-wave
radiation, keeping it in
the Earth’s Atmosphere.
These are known as…
143

144. Greenhouse
Gases!
144

145. Greenhouse Effect
 CO2 and H2O absorb
infrared that is re
-radiated from the surface
of the Earth. Therefore,
holding that heat in the
atmosphere and raising the
global temperature.

146. What are the Greenhouse gases?
H2 0 VAPOR
CO2
METHANE GAS
INFRARED
Ozone
CFCs

147. Without some greenhouse
gases, the Earth would
cold
be too _____________
for us to survive. But an
overload of greenhouse
gases creates a problem
as well!

148. How does too
Much CO2 contribute to
Global warming?
CO2
H2 0 VAPOR
INFRARED
METHANE GAS
CO2 absorbs
infrared

149. Greenhouse Effect
 What human activities
contribute to CO2
production and an increase
in the greenhouse effect?
– Burning of fossil fuels
– Global deforestation

150. If present trends continue
possible effects may include
 Rising sea levels due to melting
polar ice caps;
 Increasing frequency and
severity of storms and
hurricanes;
 More frequent heat waves and
droughts; and
 Relocation of major crop
growing areas.

151. Which of the following best represents
the type of energy
received by the Earth
and the re-emitted by the Earth?
A B c

152. Which of the following best represents
the type of energy
received by the Earth
and the re-emitted by the Earth?
A B c

153. WHICH TYPE OF ENERGY IS
REPRESENTED
BY THE RADIATION AT B?
A) INSOLATION
C) VISIBLE LIGHT
B) ULTRAVIOLET B
A
D) INFRARED ENERGY

154. WHICH TYPE OF ENERGY IS
REPRESENTED
BY THE RADIATION AT B?
A) INSOLATION
C) VISIBLE LIGHT
B) ULTRAVIOLET B
A
D) INFRARED ENERGY

155. What is a NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
An energy resource !
that is
Being used faster
________________
than Earth Produces
________________
it!
_______.!
155

156. What is a NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
Examples:!
Fossil Fuels, minerals!
__________________! 156

157. What is a NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
To make our non-
renewable resources
last longer we can
Reduce!
________________
Reuse!
________________
Recycle!
_____________.! 157

158. What is a RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
An energy resource !
that is
Earth supplies faster
________________
than we use it
________________
“unlimited”!.!
_______
158

159. What is a RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
Examples:
Solar, wind, biomass
________________
(trees etc..)!
_______________! 159

160. What is a RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
A renewable resource
produces less
_________ (substance
pollution!
that can harm living
things and/or the
environment! 160

161. Look at the pie
graph!!!
 Only 7% of our energy consumption
is from renewable resources!!! Try
to make little changes in your life
to reduce your dependence on
Non-Renewable Resources!
 What do you plan to do?