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Eating disorders
- 1. Proudly presented by : 1G1 Gabrielle Shivani Delise Weiying Chloe Dhirana
- 2. Contributing Factors • Psychological – Low self-esteem – Feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in life – Depression, anxiety, anger or loneliness • Interpersonal – Troubled family and personal relationships – Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings – History of being teased or ridiculed on size or weight
- 3. Contributing Factors (Cont’d) • Biochemical - In some individuals with eating disorders, certain chemicals in the brain that control hunger, appetite and digestion are imbalanced. • Biological -Eating disorders run in families. Genes are a contributing factor to eating disorders.
- 4. Contributing Factors (Cont’d) • Environmental -Magazines and newspapers focus on celebrities' minor physical imperfections, such as gaining a few pounds or having cellulite. A stressful life event, such as losing a job or the breakdown of a relationship Bereavement Pressures and stress at school, such as exams or bullying Difficult family relationships Physical abuse
- 5. What is an Eating Disorder? • Anorexia Nervosa -characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss. Because of the fear of gaining weight, people with this disorder restrict the amount of food they consume. • Bulimia Nervosa -characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensating by self- induced vomiting, abusing a laxative, diuretic, or stimulatic and/or excessive exercising because of an extensive concern for body weight. • Binge Eating Disorder -characterized by recurrent binge eating without control.
- 6. Health Consequences of Anorexia Nervosa • Abnormally slow heart rate • Reduction of bone density • Fainting, fatigue • Dry hair and skin • Severe dehydration which can result in kidney failure
- 7. Health Consequences of Bulimia • Irregular heartbeats and possibly heart failure • Inflammation and possible rupture of esophagus from frequent vomiting. • Chronic irregular bowel movements
- 8. Health Consequences of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) • High blood pressure • High cholesterol levels • Heart disease • Diabetes • Gallbladder disease
- 9. Statistics about Eating Disorders • Approximately 90-95% of sufferers are girls and women • 1 to 3% of young women in the West have an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa , bulimia or binge eating • In the West, eating disorders are the third most common serious medical disorder in adolescents after asthma and depression. • In a study of Singapore Chinese schoolgirls with a mean age of 16.5 years, 56% felt overweight despite a mean BMI of 18.89 • Between 5% - 20% of sufferers will die. • Eating disorders typically appear in early to mid- adolescence.
- 10. Warning Signs of Eating Disorders • Dramatic weight loss or weight gain • Preoccupation with weight, food, calories and dieting • Frequent comments about feeling “fat” • Denial of hunger. • Consistent excuses to avoid mealtimes. • Withdrawal from usual friends and activities.
- 11. Warning Signs of Eating Disorders (Cont’d) • Frequent trips to the bathroom after meals, signs and smells of vomiting. • Discolouration or staining of the teeth • For Binge eating, includes eating much more rapidly than normal and often eating alone because of shame or embarrassment.
- 12. Treatments/Therapies • Adequate nutrition, reducing excessive exercise and stopping purging behaviours are the foundations of treatment. Specific forms of psychotherapy, or talk therapy, and medication are effective for many eating disorders. However, in more chronic cases, specific treatments have not yet been identified. Treatment plans often are tailored to individual needs and may include one or more of the following • 1. Individual, group or family psychotheraphy • 2. Medical care and monitoring • 3. Nutritional counseling • 4. Medications
- 13. How to Intervene • It is important to express your concerns in a loving and supportive way to the sufferer. • It is also necessary to discuss your worries with the sufferer early on rather than wait until the sufferer has endured damaging physical and emotional effects of eating disorder. • Request the sufferer to explore your concerns with a counselor, doctor or nutritionist regarding eating issues. Accompany the sufferer on their first visit.