1. Introduction to literature and combined arts 1 Medium and Elements of poetry 2 Uses of poetry poetry 3 5 Short story 4 Overview

2. literature Is the art written works, and is not bound to published sources(although, under circumstances unpublished sources can be exempt). 2

3. 3 main ingredients of literature 1.Poetry composition which is written in verse 3

4. TREESby: Joyce Kilmer I THINK that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth is prest Against the earth's sweet flowing breast; A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray; A tree that may in Summer wear A nest of robins in her hair; Upon whose bosom snow has lain; Who intimately lives with rain. Poems are made by fools like me, But only God can make a tree. 4 Example of poetry

5. continuation 2.Prose is a kind of literature which does not adhere to any particular structure except for grammar. 5

6. Example of a prose Psalm 93 The Lord reigneth, he is clothed with majesty;the Lord is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved.Thy throne is established of old: thou art from everlasting.The floods have lifted up, Oh Lord, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves.The Lord on high is mightier than the noise of many waters, yea, than the mighty waves of the sea.Thy testimonies are very sure: holiness becomeththine house, O Lord, forever. 6

7. continuation 3.Play consists of dialogues between the characters 7

8. Examples of play 8

9. Facts about literature "The Mouse Trap," by Agatha Christie is the longest running play in history. 9

10. continuation All of the roles in Shakespeare's plays were originally acted by men and boys. In England at that time, it wasn't proper for females to appear on stage. 10

11. continuation All the proceeds earned from James M. Barrie's book "Peter Pan" were bequeathed to the Great Ormond Street Hospital for the Sick Children in London. 11

12. continuation Barbara Cartland is the world's top- selling author with over 500 million copies sold. 12

13. continuation Cinderella's slippers were originally made out of fur. The story was changed in the 1600s by a translator. It was the left shoe that Aschenputtel (Cinderella) lost at the stairway, when the prince tried to follow her. 13

14. continuation Frank Baum named "Oz" after a file cabinet in his office. One cabinet was labeled "A to N," and the second was labeled "O to Z." Ghosts appear in 4 Shakespearian plays; Julius Caesar, Richard III, Hamlet and Macbeth. 14

15. continuation John Milton used 8,000 different words in his poem, "Paradise Lost." 15

16. continuation The Three Musketeers names are Porthos, Athos, and Aramis (D'Artagnan joins them later.) 16

17. Medium of literature Print. There is more literature printed on paper than made available in any other way. As a "for instance" here, the amount of e-books sold represented far less than 1% of the total book sales for the recent year. This has more to do with the way the book market works - the manner in which publishers and retailers do business.The number of electronic books is growing, and there is a lot of stuff (or at least excerpts) you can access online. When will another media surpass print for the dissemination of literature? It's anyone's guess. 17

18. Elements of literature 18

19. character Character plays a pivotal role in a drama, novel, short story and all kinds of narratives. 19

20. Types of character Flat Characters Flat characters are minor characters in a work of fiction who do not undergo substantial change or growth in the course of a story Static Characters When people say that a character is "static," they're referring to the fact that a character doesn't change. Round Characters As a writer, your focus will be on developing your round characters. For readers, these are the characters you'll put the most effort into following and understanding. 20

21. CONTINUATION Dynamic Characters The opposite of static characters, dynamic characters will undergo some kind of change in the course of the story. Stock Characters Stock characters draw from widely known cultural types for their characteristics and mannerisms, and are often used in parody. Every culture has its own set of stock characters. In Italian commedia dell'arte, for example, Scaramouche epitomized the unscrupulous and unreliable servant. In modern American culture, Thurber's Walter Mitty created the mold for the hen-pecked husband and dreamer. 21

22. CONTINUATION Protagonists he protagonist is the main character in a story, novel, drama, or other literary work, the character that the reader or audience empathizes with. Antagonists The antagonist in a work of fiction is the character who opposes the hero, orprotagonist. The antagonist, when there is one, provides the story's conflict. 22

23. setting It refers to geographical location of the story, time period, daily lifestyle of the characters and climate of the story 23

24. theme contains the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short story 24

25. structure In dramas, there are plots and subplots. These also are divided into acts and scenes. Here the contrasting subplots give the main plot an additional perspective. Likewise, novels have different chapters and scenes. 25

26. Point of view Point of view is another element of the narrative, through which a writer tells the story. 26

27. conflict Be it a short story, drama or novel, conflict is the essential element of all these literary forms. A plot becomes interesting and intriguing when it has its share of inbuilt conflict and twists. Conflict can be internal conflict or external. It can take place between two men, between the character and his psychology, between the character and circumstances or between character and society. 27

28. Use of language or diction A playwright exhibits the thoughts of characters through dialogue. "Dialogue" has come from the Greek word "dialogosa" which means "conversation". Shakespeare used this to portray the thoughts, emotions and feelings of the character. This also provides clues to their background and personalities. Diction also helps in advancing the plot. Greek philosophers like Aristotle used dialogue as the best way to instruct their students. 28

29. foreshadowing applied as hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story. 29

30. USES OF LITERATURE 30

31. 1ST USE Literature was a repository of knowledge 31

32. 2ND USE Teaches us more about psychology than the psychologists can 32

33. 3RD USE It mobilizes all our faculties of knowledge at once: not just the ability to analyze the outer world but our introspection and intuition as well. 33

34. 4TH USE Literature is the great school of knowledge 34

35. 5TH USE Literature is exercising all our ways of knowing at once 35

36. 6TH USE It presents us with the concrete and particular manifestations of universal truth. 36

37. 7TH USE Makes sense out of data of human experience 37

38. Short story 38

39. What is a short story? A short story is a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format. 39

40. 5 important element of a short story

41. 41

42. 1st element A character is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or other literary work. 42

43. 2nd element The setting of a short story is the time and place in which it happens. Authors often use descriptions of landscape, scenery, buildings, seasons or weather to provide a strong sense of setting. 43

44. 3rd element plot is a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict. 44

45. Structure of a plot story 45

46. 4th element The conflict is a struggle between two people or things in a short story. The main character is usually on one side of the central conflict. 46

47. 5th element The theme is the central idea or belief in a short story. 47

48. Kinds of a short story

49. Ancient tales It is the power of the utilization of the ancient form of the tale in the modern short story. Italian writer Giovanni Verga'sThe She-Wolf (1880), and Chinese writer YehShao-Chun's Mrs. Li's Hair are remarkable examples.

50. Fantasy Fantasy stories are nothing but the fair combination of the old tales tradition and the supernatural details.

51. Humor These types of stories are meant for producing surprise and delight. You will see that the most famous humorous tales and fables were written by the Americans.

52. Satire The main purpose of satire is to attack the evils of society. There are writers who wrote stories of sober satire.

53. Education Story Such stories revolve around the education of the main character.

54. History History types deal with a life story or historical event. Welty's A Still Moment (a 1943 story about naturalist John James Audubon) is fine example of story dealing with history event.

55. Local Color These types of stories deal with the customs and traditions of rural and small-town life.

56. Poetry

57. Poetry a making: a forming, creating, or the art of poetry, or a poem) is a form of literaryart in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning.

58. 55 Types of Poetry

59. ABC Acrostic Ballad Ballade Blank verse Bio Burlesque Canzone Carpe diem Cinquain Classicism Concrete Couplet Dramatic monologue

61. Epic

62. Epigram

63. Epitaph

64. Epithalamium

65. Free verse

66. Found

67. Ghazal

68. Haiku

69. Horatian ode

70. Iambic pentameter

71. Idyll

72. Irregular ode

74. Limerick

75. List

76. Lyric

77. Memoriam

78. stanza

79. Name

80. Narrative

81. Ode

82. Pastoral

83. Petrarchan

84. Pindaric ode

85. Quatrain

86. Rhyme

88. Rondeau

89. Senryu

90. Sestina

91. Shakespearean

92. Shape

93. Sonnet

94. Sound

95. Tanka

96. TerzaRima

97. Verse

98. Villanelle

100. workshop Role playing 64 Role playing