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Toolchain
- 1. Toolchain © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> All Rights Reserved.
- 2. What to Expect? W's of a Toolchain W's & How's of Cross Toolchain? Building a Cross Toolchain Testing a Cross Toolchain © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 2 All Rights Reserved.
- 3. What is a Toolchain? Collection of Tools In Embedded context Collection of C Compiler & its Friends Categorized under 3 umbrella C Compiler (gcc) Set of C Libraries (e.g. glibc, uClibc) Binary Utilities (binutils) © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 3 All Rights Reserved.
- 4. Check on gcc How do you do the following? Generate Object Code Generate Assembly Code Generate Pre-processed Code Generate a Shared Library Adding Header Path Adding Library Path Linking a Library Excluding standard includes & libraries Adding a “#define” © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 4 All Rights Reserved.
- 5. gcc Internals .c .i IC (parse trees, ...) .S .o .exe © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 5 All Rights Reserved. Pre Processor ICG (machine independent) ICG (machine dependent) Assembler (as) Linker (ld) gcc core gcc wrapper gcc -S gcc -c gcc gcc -E
- 6. Set of C Libraries Generally useful Libraries C, Math, Thread, Socket, … Various Options glibc Complete featured but heavy on memory Highly standard compatible uClibc Light-weight with mostly same features But not that much standards compatible Diet libc Similar to uClibc, just that this has been done from scratch Emphasis on minimizing size & optimizing performance © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 6 All Rights Reserved.
- 7. Binary Utilities as – GNU Assembler ld – GNU Linker gasp – GNU Assembler Pre-processor ar – Creates & Manipulates Archives nm – Lists the symbols in an Object file objcopy – Copies & Translates Object files objdump – Displays info about Content of the Object files ranlib – Generates an index to the content of Object files readelf – Displays info about an ELF format Object file size – Lists the sizes of sections within an Object file strings – Prints the strings of printable characters in Object files strip – Strips symbols from Object files c++filt – Converts low-level, mangled assembly labels resulting from overloaded C++ functions to their user-level names addr2line – Converts addresses into line numbers within original source files © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 7 All Rights Reserved.
- 8. What is Cross? gcc Example: gcc vs cross gcc src Host Native gcc Target Native gcc © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 8 All Rights Reserved. Host prog src Host exe prog Target Tgt exe prog Cross gcc
- 9. What is a Cross Toolchain? Toolchain which has all “cross” tools © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 9 All Rights Reserved.
- 10. Why we need a Cross Toolchain? Embedded Systems are constrained Toolchain demands heavy memory & performance May not always have a console interface Even if there, may be minimal Ease of Development Complete accustomed Development Environment on the Host Favourite Editors, GUIs, … © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 10 All Rights Reserved.
- 11. How to get a Cross Toolchain? Get it pre-compiled from vendors Popular: Code sourcery Local: Requirement specific Build your own Doing it manually is a complicated process Inter Package version compatibility is the biggest challenge But various automated tools are available today to simplify the process © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 11 All Rights Reserved.
- 12. Automated Build Tools Crosstool crosstool-ng.org Buildroot buildroot.org Ptxdist ptxdist.org © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 12 All Rights Reserved.
- 13. Cross Toolchain Building Overview Build of various GNU Packages involved Typical Build Steps for these Packages Download & Unpack the source of the Package Configure the Package for Cross-Platform Development Build the Package (make) Install the Package (make install) Configuring involves setting up build, host, target ./configure build=... host=... target=... Using Triplet: cpu[-manufacturer][-kernel][-os/obj_file_fmt] Examples: i386-pc-linux-gnu, xscale-sun-solaris2.5/elf Tool Prefix: Same as the triplet © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 13 All Rights Reserved.
- 14. Cross Toolchain Headers © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 14 All Rights Reserved. Linux Kernel Headers User Specific Headers extract C Library Headers User Space Headers From the Kernel Sources /usr/include
- 15. Cross Toolchain Component Dependency Cross Full gcc (gcc, g++) kernel hdrs library hdrs © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 15 All Rights Reserved. Native gcc Cross binutils Cross bootstrap gcc (xgcc) Target Libraries binutils gcc library Source Code src
- 16. Cross Toolchain Building Steps Set up Linux Kernel Headers Ideally from the Kernel version being used Commands make ARCH=<arch> headers_check make ARCH=<arch> INSTALL_HDR_PATH=install_dir/ headers_install Build Binary Utilities Build the bootstrap Compiler (The C only Compiler) Build the C Library Build the full Compiler © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 16 All Rights Reserved.
- 17. Building a Toolchain using Crosstool Install the Crosstool cd cross-tool-ng ./configure –prefix=/opt/board/ make make install cp ct-ng.comp /etc/bash_completion.d/ export PATH=$PATH:/opt/board/bin/ © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 17 All Rights Reserved.
- 18. Building a Toolchain using Crosstool Build the Toolchain mkdir ct-build src cd ct-build/ mkdir .build cp Templates/Toolchain/sources.tgz .build/ (available from Downloads section of http://sysplay.in) ct-ng menuconfig ct-ng build © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 18 All Rights Reserved.
- 19. Testing a Cross Toolchain Compile a C program to various stages Pre-process only Get Assembly Get Object Get Executable Compile a C program with headers Compile a C program with linking libraries Create a C Program with floating point operations Execute & Test the generated target programs Toolchain “Self Contained” Test © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 19 All Rights Reserved.
- 20. What all have we learnt? W's of a Toolchain Compiler Binary Utilities Set of C Libraries W's & How's of Cross Toolchain? Building a Cross Toolchain Building Steps Automated Build Tools Testing a Cross Toolchain © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 20 All Rights Reserved.
- 21. Any Queries? © 2010-14 SysPlay Workshops <workshop@sysplay.in> 21 All Rights Reserved.