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ACKNOWLEDGEME
       NT
WE GREATFULLY WANT TO
ACKNOWLEDGE AND GIVE THANKS TO
OUR SPEACIAL SOCIAL TEACHER AND
RESPECTED SIR TO GIVE US SUCH A
GREAT OPPORTUNITY BY GIVING US THE
TASK TO
PREPARE A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
IN WHICH WE HAVE TRIED TO MAKE
PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT IT AND DEVELOP
OUR KNOWLEDGE .
THE BHUJ EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON 26
JANUARY 2001 ON THE INDIA’S 51 REPUBLIC
DAY.IT WAS VERY VERY HUGE AND
DISASTEROUS AND CAUSE MANY
DEATHS.PEOPLE TODAY ALSO REAMEMBER
ABOUT THAT AS IT HAS LEAVED VERY BIG
IMPACT ON THEM. ABOUT 20,000 PEOPLE
WERE KILLED AND ABOUT 167,000 WERE
INJURED AND 40,000 HOMES WERE
DESTROYED.
THE EARTHQUAKE WAS 6.9 ON RICHTER
SCALE
Date                        The 2001 Gujarat earthquake
January 26, 2001 (2001-     occurred on January
01-26)                      26, 2001, India's 51st Republic
Magnitude                   Day, at 08:46 AM local time (3:16
7.7 Mw[1]                   UTC) and lasted for over two
Depth                       minutes. The epicentre was about 9
16 kilometres (10 mi)       km south-southwest of the village
Epicenter location          of Chobari[3] in Bhachau Taluka of
Yellow star marks           Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4]
epicentre                   The earthquake reached a
Countries or regions        magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7
affected                    on the moment magnitude scale
 India                      and had a maximum felt intensity of
Max. intensity              X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity
X (Intense)                 scale. The quake killed around
Casualties                  20,000 people (including 18 in
19,727 believed             South eastern Pakistan), injured
dead, 166,001 injured [3]   another 167,000 and destroyed
                            nearly 400,000 homes.[5]
DESCRIPTI
                     ON
   The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January
    26, 2001, India's 51st Republic Day, at 08:46 AM local time
    (3:16 UTC) and lasted for over two minutes. The epicentre
    was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari[3] in
    Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4] The
    earthquake reached a magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 on
    the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum felt
    intensity of X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The
    quake killed around 20,000 people (including 18 in South
    eastern Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed
    nearly 400,000 homes.[5]
   This was an intraplate earthquake, one that occurred at a
    distance from any plate boundary where plate tectonics
    create most earthquakes, so the area was not well prepared.
    The event was the result of stored energy in a collision
    margin. The shock waves spread 700 km. 21 districts were
    affected and 600,000 people left homeless.
   The four urban centers of Kachchh namely
    Anjar, Bhuj, Bhachau and Rapar were replanned after the
    earthquake. The Bhuj city which had an area of 19 square
    kilometer before the earthquake was expanded to an area of
    56 square km. Three relocations sites were developed to
    decongest the inner city of Bhuj. The names of these sites
    are- rawalwadi, RTO and Mundra site.
   The final death toll in Kutch was 12,290 Bhuj, situated only 20
    kilometres (14 miles) from the epicenter, was devastated.
    Considerable damage also occurred in Bhachau and Anjar
    with hundreds of villages flattened in Taluka of Anjar, Bhuj &
    Bhachau. Over a million structures were damaged or
    destroyed, including many historic buildings and tourist
    attractions.[6] The quake destroyed around 40% of
    homes, eight schools, two hospitals and 4 km of road in Bhuj
    and partly destroyed the city's historic Swaminarayan temple.
    In Ahmedabad, Gujarat's commercial capital with a population
    of 4.6 million, as many as 50 multi-storied buildings collapsed
    and several hundred people were killed. Total property
    damage was estimated at $5.5 billion and rising. The
    earthquake destroyed 60% of usable food and water supplies
    in Kutch.
   The district collector Anil Mukim oversaw the early delivery of
    aid and equipment to affected villages but later called for aid
    to cease as it encouraged a "relief mentality" which would
    delay a return to normal life.[7]
CAUSES OF THE
     EARTHQUAKE
Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001: Tectonic inversion, lithospheric flexure and plate motion and
comparison with Shillong and New Madrid earthquakes The Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001
(Figure 1) of Mw 7.6, with focal depth of
24–25 km was o of the most devastating
earthquakes outside plate boundaries. Various
seismological studies have suggested
that it is caused by an E–W-oriented
thrust1–3. Kachchh rift basin basically developed
during the Mesozoic period4 andis therefore characterized by an extensional
phase followed by a compressional
phase during closure of the basin. In this
respect, it is analogous to the New Madrid
earthquake of 1811–12 in USA of almost
the same magnitude, and both the events
have often been compared with each other5,6.
But there are also several differences between the two, the most important being their distance with respect
to plate boundaries.
is within 200–300 km of the plate boundary
(inset, Figure 1) while that of the New The epicentre of the Bhuj earthquake
Madrid earthquake is at least 2000 km
away from any known plate boundary.
However, the epicentral areas of both these
earthquakes have been associated with
Precambrian–Cambrian collision zones related
to Aravalli–Delhi and Appalachian
orogeny respectively. Such zones world
over are weak, characterized by seismic
activity.
   The epicenter was near the remote Little Rann
    of Kutch, but within 150 to 200 kilometers of
    several villages and towns. The proximity to
    populated areas, coupled with a shallow 17-
    kilometer focus, resulted in massive
    destruction and fatalities. The area is mainly
    barren, with the exception of a belt of arable
    land stretching along the shore of the Gulf of
    Kachchh. The affected area also experienced
    magnitude 5.0 to 5.8 aftershocks for several
    days subsequent to the main earthquake (
BHUJ EARTHQUAKE
Bhuj earthquake and its tectonic setting
                The Mw=7.7 earthquake occurred in the
                 morn-ing of January 26, 2001, on the
                 Republic Day of India. The epicenter is
                 located at 23.40ºN and 70.32ºE near Bhuj
                 in the province of Gujarat, India (Fig. 2).
                 The official death toll from the India
                 government was close to twenty
                 thousand [Bendick et al., 2001].
                 Thousands of houses were destroyed and
                 more than half million of people were
                 left homeless. Initial results indicate a
                 shallow (~20 km) focal depth, with a
                 roughly E-W trending thrust fault plane
                 [NEIC; Gaur et al., 2001]. Based on the
                 aftershock data, the rapture was
                 estimated to have occurred along a
                 plane with a 50-100 km along-strike
                 length and 15-30 km down-dip rap-ture
                 width. The slip was 1-4 m, reaching ~12 m
                 near the hypocenter [Antolik and
                 Dreger, 2001; Bendick et al., 2001]. This
                 event apparently caused few surface
                 scarps [EERI, 2001; Rajen-dran et
                 al., 2001].
DAMAGE CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKE
 The 26 January 2001 earthquake in Gujarat was the most
  devastating seismic event to affect the state since the last
  magnitude 7.7 event in 1819. More than 20,000 people died and
  over 167,000 injuries were reported. Both rail and highway
  traffic into and out of the entire Kachchh region was completely
  cut off for two days. Numerous bridges, dams, and ports were
  destroyed or severely damaged as a result of liquifaction of the
  blue marine clay soil on which they are constucted.
  Approximately 1,000,000 homes were destroyed or seriously
  damaged, as were many commercial, industrial, and public
  utility facilities. Total blackout resulted in several towns and
  villages; communications in Bhuj were disrupted for two days
  when fiber optic cables were damaged, and water supplies were
  affected as liquifaction caused some wells to become turbid and
  others tested positive for metal contaminants and anaerobic
  sludge .
DAMAGES BY EARTHQUAKE
2001
PEOPLE AFFECTED BY EARTHQUAKE

  Many people were affected by the
   bhuj earthquake 2001 which was
   about 6.9 on richter scale.more
   than 20,000 people died and over
   18,000 people were injuried.most of
  the people lost their houses and
   family and were badly
   affected.the earthquake caused
   death of about 100 persons and
   injured hundrends more.
BY THIS PRESENTATION WE CONCLUDE
THAT -
IT WAS VERY DANGEROUS AND SO WE
SHOULD PRAY TO GOD THAT NEXT
TIME THEY MAY NOT COME AND ALSO
GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE STEPS
TO RECOVER THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY
IT AND ALSO TO SAVE THE PEOPLE
AFFECTED BY SUCH DISASTERS . THE
GOVERNMENT CAN ALSO PROVIDE SOME
MONEY TO THE PEOPLE WHO SURVIVED
SO THAT THEY CAN GO ANYWHERE ELSE
AND MANAGE THERE

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BHUJ EARTHQUAKE

  • 1. ACKNOWLEDGEME NT WE GREATFULLY WANT TO ACKNOWLEDGE AND GIVE THANKS TO OUR SPEACIAL SOCIAL TEACHER AND RESPECTED SIR TO GIVE US SUCH A GREAT OPPORTUNITY BY GIVING US THE TASK TO PREPARE A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION IN WHICH WE HAVE TRIED TO MAKE PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT IT AND DEVELOP OUR KNOWLEDGE .
  • 2. THE BHUJ EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED ON 26 JANUARY 2001 ON THE INDIA’S 51 REPUBLIC DAY.IT WAS VERY VERY HUGE AND DISASTEROUS AND CAUSE MANY DEATHS.PEOPLE TODAY ALSO REAMEMBER ABOUT THAT AS IT HAS LEAVED VERY BIG IMPACT ON THEM. ABOUT 20,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND ABOUT 167,000 WERE INJURED AND 40,000 HOMES WERE DESTROYED. THE EARTHQUAKE WAS 6.9 ON RICHTER SCALE
  • 3. Date The 2001 Gujarat earthquake January 26, 2001 (2001- occurred on January 01-26) 26, 2001, India's 51st Republic Magnitude Day, at 08:46 AM local time (3:16 7.7 Mw[1] UTC) and lasted for over two Depth minutes. The epicentre was about 9 16 kilometres (10 mi) km south-southwest of the village Epicenter location of Chobari[3] in Bhachau Taluka of Yellow star marks Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4] epicentre The earthquake reached a Countries or regions magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 affected on the moment magnitude scale India and had a maximum felt intensity of Max. intensity X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity X (Intense) scale. The quake killed around Casualties 20,000 people (including 18 in 19,727 believed South eastern Pakistan), injured dead, 166,001 injured [3] another 167,000 and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.[5]
  • 4. DESCRIPTI ON  The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001, India's 51st Republic Day, at 08:46 AM local time (3:16 UTC) and lasted for over two minutes. The epicentre was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari[3] in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat, India.[4] The earthquake reached a magnitude of between 7.6 and 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum felt intensity of X (Intense) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The quake killed around 20,000 people (including 18 in South eastern Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed nearly 400,000 homes.[5]  This was an intraplate earthquake, one that occurred at a distance from any plate boundary where plate tectonics create most earthquakes, so the area was not well prepared. The event was the result of stored energy in a collision margin. The shock waves spread 700 km. 21 districts were affected and 600,000 people left homeless.
  • 5. The four urban centers of Kachchh namely Anjar, Bhuj, Bhachau and Rapar were replanned after the earthquake. The Bhuj city which had an area of 19 square kilometer before the earthquake was expanded to an area of 56 square km. Three relocations sites were developed to decongest the inner city of Bhuj. The names of these sites are- rawalwadi, RTO and Mundra site.  The final death toll in Kutch was 12,290 Bhuj, situated only 20 kilometres (14 miles) from the epicenter, was devastated. Considerable damage also occurred in Bhachau and Anjar with hundreds of villages flattened in Taluka of Anjar, Bhuj & Bhachau. Over a million structures were damaged or destroyed, including many historic buildings and tourist attractions.[6] The quake destroyed around 40% of homes, eight schools, two hospitals and 4 km of road in Bhuj and partly destroyed the city's historic Swaminarayan temple. In Ahmedabad, Gujarat's commercial capital with a population of 4.6 million, as many as 50 multi-storied buildings collapsed and several hundred people were killed. Total property damage was estimated at $5.5 billion and rising. The earthquake destroyed 60% of usable food and water supplies in Kutch.  The district collector Anil Mukim oversaw the early delivery of aid and equipment to affected villages but later called for aid to cease as it encouraged a "relief mentality" which would delay a return to normal life.[7]
  • 6. CAUSES OF THE EARTHQUAKE Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001: Tectonic inversion, lithospheric flexure and plate motion and comparison with Shillong and New Madrid earthquakes The Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001 (Figure 1) of Mw 7.6, with focal depth of 24–25 km was o of the most devastating earthquakes outside plate boundaries. Various seismological studies have suggested that it is caused by an E–W-oriented thrust1–3. Kachchh rift basin basically developed during the Mesozoic period4 andis therefore characterized by an extensional phase followed by a compressional phase during closure of the basin. In this respect, it is analogous to the New Madrid earthquake of 1811–12 in USA of almost the same magnitude, and both the events have often been compared with each other5,6. But there are also several differences between the two, the most important being their distance with respect to plate boundaries. is within 200–300 km of the plate boundary (inset, Figure 1) while that of the New The epicentre of the Bhuj earthquake Madrid earthquake is at least 2000 km away from any known plate boundary. However, the epicentral areas of both these earthquakes have been associated with Precambrian–Cambrian collision zones related to Aravalli–Delhi and Appalachian orogeny respectively. Such zones world over are weak, characterized by seismic activity.
  • 7. The epicenter was near the remote Little Rann of Kutch, but within 150 to 200 kilometers of several villages and towns. The proximity to populated areas, coupled with a shallow 17- kilometer focus, resulted in massive destruction and fatalities. The area is mainly barren, with the exception of a belt of arable land stretching along the shore of the Gulf of Kachchh. The affected area also experienced magnitude 5.0 to 5.8 aftershocks for several days subsequent to the main earthquake (
  • 9. Bhuj earthquake and its tectonic setting  The Mw=7.7 earthquake occurred in the morn-ing of January 26, 2001, on the Republic Day of India. The epicenter is located at 23.40ºN and 70.32ºE near Bhuj in the province of Gujarat, India (Fig. 2). The official death toll from the India government was close to twenty thousand [Bendick et al., 2001]. Thousands of houses were destroyed and more than half million of people were left homeless. Initial results indicate a shallow (~20 km) focal depth, with a roughly E-W trending thrust fault plane [NEIC; Gaur et al., 2001]. Based on the aftershock data, the rapture was estimated to have occurred along a plane with a 50-100 km along-strike length and 15-30 km down-dip rap-ture width. The slip was 1-4 m, reaching ~12 m near the hypocenter [Antolik and Dreger, 2001; Bendick et al., 2001]. This event apparently caused few surface scarps [EERI, 2001; Rajen-dran et al., 2001].
  • 10. DAMAGE CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKE  The 26 January 2001 earthquake in Gujarat was the most devastating seismic event to affect the state since the last magnitude 7.7 event in 1819. More than 20,000 people died and over 167,000 injuries were reported. Both rail and highway traffic into and out of the entire Kachchh region was completely cut off for two days. Numerous bridges, dams, and ports were destroyed or severely damaged as a result of liquifaction of the blue marine clay soil on which they are constucted. Approximately 1,000,000 homes were destroyed or seriously damaged, as were many commercial, industrial, and public utility facilities. Total blackout resulted in several towns and villages; communications in Bhuj were disrupted for two days when fiber optic cables were damaged, and water supplies were affected as liquifaction caused some wells to become turbid and others tested positive for metal contaminants and anaerobic sludge .
  • 12. PEOPLE AFFECTED BY EARTHQUAKE  Many people were affected by the bhuj earthquake 2001 which was about 6.9 on richter scale.more than 20,000 people died and over 18,000 people were injuried.most of the people lost their houses and family and were badly affected.the earthquake caused death of about 100 persons and injured hundrends more.
  • 13. BY THIS PRESENTATION WE CONCLUDE THAT - IT WAS VERY DANGEROUS AND SO WE SHOULD PRAY TO GOD THAT NEXT TIME THEY MAY NOT COME AND ALSO GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE STEPS TO RECOVER THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY IT AND ALSO TO SAVE THE PEOPLE AFFECTED BY SUCH DISASTERS . THE GOVERNMENT CAN ALSO PROVIDE SOME MONEY TO THE PEOPLE WHO SURVIVED SO THAT THEY CAN GO ANYWHERE ELSE AND MANAGE THERE