4. Culture and the many changes in the are
played a crucial role in maintaining Spanish
rule in the Philippines. Spanish influence made
its impact on the indigenous culture. Change in
Filipino names, Intermarriage, The plaza
complex, Fiestas and other religious rituals,
Forms of amusement, Attire, Ornaments,
House styles, Paintings, Education Spanish
cultural influence kept the Indio's generally
submissive. Spanish Influence The Spanish way
of life was introduced: their cooking, clothing,
eating habits, forms of amusement, Spanish
words, Christianity The new culture which was
Spanish and Filipino in origin, has now become
recognizable Filipino.
6. Before the coming of Spaniards, Filipinos had
no surnames.
The Spaniards, at first, made little changes in
the names of the Filipinos.
To put an end to this confusion, GOVERNORGENERAL NARCISO CLAVERIA issued a
decree in 1849 allowing the Filipinos to change
their name.
A few Filipinos, however, continued to use
their Filipino names although they adopted
Christian names.
9. • Intermarriage
• There were very few record marriages between a
Filipino male and a Spanish female. The child of the
marriage of a Filipino and a Spaniard was called
Spanish Mestizo.
• Toward the end of the Spanish period, the word
“Mestizo” was also used to refer to children of a
male Chinese and a native woman, as in Mestiza de
Sangley.’
• During the end of the nineteenth century, the term
“Mestizo” referred to Spanish Mestizo or Mestiza.
• Those who belonged to the pure indigenous stock
were called “Indios” or “Indias”
10. Social Life
During the Spanish times, the social
community revolved around the Church.
Beside the church was the Municipal
building called tribunal where the
Gobernadorcillo or captain held office.
The Pista or Fiesta gave the Filipinos a
day or so of relaxation from their toils in
the farm.
Committees created by the captain with
the consent of the friar-curate , were
charged with preparing the program of
activities: the staging of plays called
Moro-Moro or Comedia and Zarzuela.
17. Cockfighting
-was the principal form of entertainment of
the Filipino men
Feodor
Jagor
- is a German Scientist
- the Filipino used cockfighting as
amusement and as form of gambling
Pigafetta
-the chronicler of the Magellan expedition
21. Soltada
llamado
• Kareo
• Ruweda
These games included
panggingge
• Monte
• Tres siete
•
sentiyador
pusta
dihado
22. Lottery
Horse race
Bullfighting
Bullfights-were held in what is now Claro
M. Recto near the Cinerama Theater , then
in Paco and finally in Pasay
Juego de Prenda -held with mourners
playing cards
Duplo -ninth day after the death of a
person
23.
24.
25.
26. Bellaco - called between two men or
between a man
•
Bellaca - called a woman
28.
Barong
∞ or popularly called barong Tagalog.
∞ began to be worn at this time by the ordinary
menfolk.
∞ unlike the European and Spanish shirt that
was tucked in, the barong was loosely worn to
distinguish the natives from the foreigners.
Putong
∞ is the indigenous counterpart for male
headgear or hat, consisting of a cloth wrapped on
one’s head or a round or rectangular shaped hat.
∞ the Filipino male learned to wear putong or
hats.
29. The Capitan or Gobernadorcillo wear a
salakot with a silvertop.
∞ he also wore a coat over a long shirt, and
carried a gold-hilted cane.
∞ this was a symbol of authority as Capitan.
Filipinos wore slipper or shoes, but the poor
people went about barefooted.
Women wore skirt or saya, tapis, and the
patadyong.
∞ they learned to wear a camisa in a spanish
way.
∞ Camisa was made of fine material such as
husi or pinya.
∞ they also learned to wear shoes and
slippers.
34. -was worn by Filipino women married to
Europeans and was definitely influenced by
Spanish dress
-consist of upper transparent part called
camisa.
Camisa - made of silk , hemp, husi , or
pineapple filaments
Saya or skirt – is a lower part of Mestiza
dress
Baksa -part of supported by shoulders w/c
made of same materials of camisa.
39. Similarly, house-types provided distinctions
between the rich and the poor.
∞ example, Spaniard introduced the type of house
called Antillean.
Antillean
∞ was either rectangular or square house made
of strong materials such as first-class wood like
narra, ipil, and molave.
∞ the was either nipa or tile, in many cases, the
roof was made of red tiles.
∞ at the back or at the side of the house was the
azotea.
Azotea
∞ was a roofless terrace at the side or at the back
of the house introduced by the Spaniards.
40.
41. The ordinary Filipino house during the
Spanish period had a banggera (probably
from the Spanish banquera or frame), on
which clean plates, cups, and other things
were placed.
∞ then the ladder was improved and the
stairs were, in some cases, made of wood.
∞ of course, bamboo ladder continued to be
in use.
∞ another improvement was the addition of
the balcon, which was a sort of gallery where
members of the family could sit and look at
the people passing by.
43. The Position of Women Men and women were
treated equally, before the Spanish conquest. But
during Spanish times the women existed as
dependents of men. They could not sell the
property they inherited from their parents before
their marriage without the consent of their
husbands. The friar-curates taught the Filipino
women to be very obedient to their husbands,
even if their husbands were cruel and immortal.
Taught how to be independent, how to help the
husbands in earning more for the family. During
the Spanish period, the women lived to raise
children
47. The influence of the Spaniards Language
& Printing and Engraving
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE
• Spanish words
∞ Silla
∞ mesa
∞ cama
Languages incorporated into the Philippines
∞ Hilagaynon
∞ Bicolano
∞ Ilocano
∞ Sugbuhanon
∞ Tagalog
48. Tagalog
∞ was especially influenced by the Spanish.
- in the center of the social, political,
cultural, and economic setup of the country.
Tagalog
Sibuyas
Kabayo
Bintana
Balkon
Kusina
Ventana
Balcon
Cocina
Spanish
Cebolla
Caballo
49. PRINTING AND ENGRAVING
Dominican missionaries introduced printing by
woodblocks.
Doctrina Christiana – one in a Tagalog and one
in Chinese.
Printing by typography – was introduced
Filipinos and Christianized Chinese aided the
Spanish friars and their printing work.
Tomas Pinpin – was a prince of Filipino
printers .
Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay – other Filipino
printer, he was not only a printer but a good
engraver.
50. Domingo Loag – was also a printer
and an engraver. He printed many
religious book and dictionaries.
Other famous engravers
Cipriano Bagay
Felipe Sevilla
Lauriano Atlas
54. Education
● During the early period of Spanish rule, education
was not available to the majority of Filipinos.
∞ But on the second half op the 19th century, primary
and secondary schools were opened to Filipinos.
∞ Despite of this, many children are afraid to go to
school because the teachers were often times brutal.
∞ With the rise of middle class, many Filipinos were
able to go colleges like San Juan De Letran, San Jose ,
and Ateneo Municipal.
∞ Later these Filipinos were admitted to University
of Sto. Tomas where they finished courses in law
medicine, pharmacy and surveying.
56. Impact of Cultural Changes
The overall impact or effects of the cultural
changes brought by Spain in Philippines may
be described as both positive and enriching,
as well as negative and divisive.