International workshop explores universal design principles for urban spaces

International workshop Sensing the City
Gdensk, Poland (18/10/2009 – 31/10/2009)

COORDINATOR
Gdansk University of Technology - Politechnika Gdańska – Poland www.pg.gda.pl

PATNERS
Università degli Studi Roma Tre – Italy, www.pism.uniroma3.it
Universidad de Alcala’ - Spain
Alcala www.uah.es
Università degli Studi dell’Aquilla – Italy www.univaq.it

Università degli Studi Roma Tre -
Dipartimento di Studi Urbani

www.uniroma3.it
www.pism.uniroma3.it
i i 3 it
www.biourbanism.org

Dr. Antonio Caperna, PhD

Dr. Antonio Caperna, PhD
antonio.caperna@yahoo.it
antonio caperna@yahoo it
www.biourbanism.org

Designing a city for all
(senses)

CONTENTS

1. General overview about disabilities
2. Universal design and urban environment
• Theoretical aspect
• Technical aspect
• examples
p

Disability:
Medical a d Soc a model
ed ca and Social ode

Disability: Medical and Social model

A disabled person is one
who has a condition called a
disability that interferes with
his or her ability to perform
one or more activities of
everyday living.
For example, locomotion
(indoors and going outside),
(i d d i id )
getting dressed,
communicating with others

Form of disabilities
Disability may involve physical impairment, sensory
impairment, cognitive or i t ll t l i
i i t iti intellectual impairment, mental
i t t l
disorder, or various types of chronic disease.


Different problems, different needs

Multisensorial design
Multiply
M lti l approach
h

To take into account
multiply options and
combine it


BUT….
“disabled” is an identity
that one is not necessarily
born with, as disabilities
are more often acquired
than congenital.

e.g. TAB, Temporarily Able-Bodied
many people will develop disabilities at some point in
yp p p p
their lives, due to accidents, illness (physical, mental
or emotional), or late-emerging effects of genetics.


…..
Disability refers to the
social effects of
p ys ca , e ot o a o
physical, emotional or
mental impairment

We can talk about
“social model' of
“ i l d l' f
disability”


the real issue is the societal response to
disability

if a community:
allows physical, architectural,
ll h i l hit t l
transportation, and other barriers to
remain in place, society is creating
handicaps that oppress individuals
with disabilities.
removes those barriers, persons
barriers
with disabilities can function at much
higher levels

Universal
Uni ersal design principles

Universal design principles

Universal design
is an approach to the design of
products, services and
environments to be usable by as
many people as possible
regardless of age ability or
age,
situation.
It links directly to the political
concept of an inclusive society
and its importance has been
recognized b governments,
i d by t
business and industry.

Universal design principles

Principles developed by the Centre for Universal Design, North Carolina
State University

Principle 1: Equitable Use
p q
Principle 2: Flexibility in Use
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
Principle 4: Perceptible Information
Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
Principle 6: Low Physical Effort
Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use

… To transform the
constrains into
opportunity

Universal Design and urban
environment

Ethics, Social
WHY/WHAT
/ inclusion,
inclusion
UNIVERSAL HOW? Change
DESIGN paradigm
WHERE

Industrial design
Web design
Urban Environment
….

URBAN
ENVIRONMENT

Universal Design and urban environment

Problem concern

Indoor Outdoor
environment environment

Theoretical aspect
Houses
Flats
work-place
Technical aspect
public offices…

Existing spaces

New spaces

UD and Urban Environment
Urban Environment

Problem concern

Historical modern
cities cities

architectural barriers

physical obstructions
h i l b t ti

safety,
safety

hierarchy and clear differences
from pedes a spaces a d
o pedestrian and
vehicular traffic,
paving,
p
pedestrian crossing,
g
signals


information
lack of signals or too much info that allow
the o e a o a d the recognizability o
e orientation and e ecog ab y of
the places and the sources of danger


Realization of “informational
modules” or tactile maps in tube
station, bus stop, public buildings,
etc.

situation of discomfort,
discomfort
absence of accessible toilettes,
information points,
abse ce of public service or green areas,
absence o pub c se ce o g ee a eas,
etc.


differences of levels, slopes
distances


Outdoo e
Outdoor environment
o e t
A practical and Theoretical tool


Identification of the needs
piazza Navona
(Rome)

site Universal Design and urban environment


We must consider all aspects of the outdoor environment:

■ street network, shape and type;
t t t k h dt
■ open space;
■ junctions;
■ materials and kerbs;
■ street/footway widths;
y
■ street furniture, including seating and signage
Cultural and Architectural heritage

GOAL
Urban space should have certain qualities if it is to be responsive
to human feelings and sensibilities
g

A legible environment - hierarchy of street types, Entrances to places and buildings are clearly
visible and obvious

A distinctive environment - Urban and building form is varied There is a variety of landmarks
including historic and civic buildings, distinctive structures and
places of activity, Architectural features are in a variety of styles colours and materials
activity styles,
A safe environment - Bicycle lanes are separate from footways, Paving is flat, smooth and non-
slip, Street lighting is adequate for people with visual impairments, Level changes are clearly
marked
Physical and mental health - Opportunities for exercise and access to fresh air
Mobility - Ease of access to facilities/amenities and open space (inc. with assistive technology);
(inc
wayfinding ability and ability to go out
Sense of community - Belonging and social support networks
Autonomy and control - Independence, self-actualisation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy
….

Basic Access refers to people’s ability to access goods, services and
activities that society considers particularly important (also called essential
or lifeline).

Basic Access typically includes:

Emergency services (police, fire, ambulances, etc.)
Public services and utilities
Health care
Basic food and clothing
Education and employment (commuting)
Mail and package distribution
Freight delivery
A certain amount of social and recreational activities

ANALYSIS


Buildings (public or
private)

Ministry of Culture

Municipality

others

Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo, Progetto pilota per il centro storico


Road network

Parking areas
Pedestrian a eas
edest a areas
Small roads

Bus stop

Taxi t ti
T i station



services

Religious building

Public offices

Cultural buildings

Health
H lth services
i

Commercial roads



Architectural heritage
A hit t l h it


ROADS


PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

• Obstacles and protruding elements in the
path of travel
• Low overhanging signs
• Lack of warning signs around
obstructions
• Sidewalk narrow
• Rubbish skips
• Car
C parkingki
• disconnected road is cause of danger
• Absence of blind guide
• Communication at bus stop
bus-stop
• Sidewalk
• Paving of the road improve the sound of
the traffic
• Car/motorbyke parking
• Low level of communication

Source. Dr. Antonio Caperna, Accessibilità nel Rione Monti di Roma


Theoretical and technical Suggestion


Goal

Reinforcement of

Nodes

Connections

Hierarchy


Primary ways

Secondary roads

Main d
M i nodes

Secondary nodes

Services
Reserved parking
Informational points
Electric cars or scooters
Electric busses
Blind guide



Obstructions
• include street furniture, traffic
signs,
signs direction signs street
signs, Overhanging signs in
plans, bollards, plants, trees, accessible pathways should
shop awnings and advertising be mounted at a minimum
clear height of 2.00m to allow
signs, etc.
signs etc a sightless person to pass
• should be placed outside the safely
path of travel wherever
possible.
ibl
• in the pathway should be easy
to detect, and if possible,
should be placed along one
continuous line
Overhanging vegetation
• The minimum width of a clear should be clipped to a
unobstructed path should be minimum clear height of
0.90 m 2.00 m


PATHWAYS

PLANNING PRINCIPLE
To provide clear, obstruction-free, level and wide pathways for the
convenience of all users

PROBLEM
Uneven curbs with obstacles and holes.
Inconvenient or dangerous interruptions in the p
g p path of travel.
Insufficient width.
Changes in level.

CONSIDERATIONS
Street pavements,
pedestrian passages in open spaces and recreational areas,
pedestrian underpasses and overpasses are all considered pathways or
ramps.
…


Questions (check-list)
Is the pathway clear of obstructions?
Is the path of travel free of steps or stairs?
Is the path of travel easy to detect?
Is the pathway at least 0.90 m wide?
Is the surface, level, smooth and non-slip?
Does the pathway have a different colour and texture than the adjacent surfaces?
Are manholes placed outside the pedestrian path of travel?
Is grating flush with the surface of the pathway?
Are the grating openings narrow, not more than 13 mm?
Are the edges of raised pathways protected?
Are the plant varieties used obstructive to the pathway?
……


PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS
PRINCIPLE
To facilitate the safe and independent crossing of all people.

PROBLEM
Uneven road surface.
Lack of guide strips.
Lack of warning marking for crossings.
Gratings on the road surface.
G i h d f

CONSIDERATIONS
Pedestrian
P d t i crossings should b equipped with t ffi control signals
i h ld be i d ith traffic t l i l
Low-traffic crossings frequently used by disabled people can be controlled by a
pedestrian push-button system
Constructing traffic islands to reduce the length of the crossing is
recommended for the safety of all road users
The road surface should be firm, well-drained, non-slip and free of construction
joints

Pedestrians should have priority to the road traffic
It is important to force the drivers to reduce their speed.
This can be achieved in different ways:
• Traffic islands to reduce the length of the crossing for pedestrians and the width of the road
crossed
• The road surface at pedestrian crossings can be raised to the same level as the pathway
• Speed control measures: speed humps or chicanes just before the pedestrian crossings
j g

Guide strips

Guide strips should be constructed to
indicate the position of pedestrian crossings
for the benefit of sightless pedestrians

A guide strip should lead to pedestrian light
poles with push buttons for the benefit of the
visually disabled.


Traffic island
Light, ..

Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo


STREET FURNITURE

PLANNING PRINCIPLE
To design accessible amenities convenient to all people, without obstructing the free
passage of pedestrians along travel routes.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Lack of or improper design of street furniture.
Obstructed pathways.
Inaccessible street facilities
facilities.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
street furniture includes
bus stops, mail boxes, lampposts, signboards, telephone booths, public toilets, newspaper
kiosks, planting tubs, garbage bins, etc.


Park benches
Source. Prof. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo,


Optimal di t
O ti l distance between park benches
b t kb h

Adoption of ischial sittings

Source. Arch. Fabrizio Vescovo


For outdoor parking, accessible parking
spaces should be located not more
than 50 m from accessible building
entrances.

PARKING


RAMPS
Inaccessible building entrances due to
difference between indoor and outdoor
levels.
Inaccessible routes due to differences
in level.

The maximum recommended slope of
ramps is 1:20. Steeper slopes may be
allowed in special cases depending on
p p g
the length to be covered


Natural and artificial guide

Natural orientationpoints
Smelling elements such as flower
boxes with strong smelling plants,
the exhaust of busses …

Acoustic elements such as
water (fontain), by using the
grit of shells on the floor the
own footsteps and those of
other people can be heard
what creates safety


Tangible elements such as diffrent
structures in the floo breezes, …
t t e floor, b ee e

Tangible tiles have diffrent functions:
- Give orientation and direction
- Indicate danger
- Symbolic value


Handrail. tactile maps in tube station,
bus stop public building, etc.
stop, building etc


Train platform


ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY


Assistive Technology for Students With Disabilities
A i ti T h l f St d t Di biliti


PILOT LIGHT - miniradar
Con il PILOT-LIGHT il non-vedente potrà:
- conoscere i colori dei semafori (tutti e tre)
- conoscere il numero di linea e l'eventuale direzione dei mezzi
pubblici (es. autobus numero 5 diretto alla stazione)
- trovare le cabine telefoniche , sapere se sono libere od occupate
- "leggere" i tabelloni-orari-partenze dei treni o degli aerei
-ttrovare i bi i di partenza, posti di polizia, bi li tt i b t il tt
binari t ti li i biglietterie, bar, toilette,
deposito bagagli, taxi, eccetera.
- visitare i musei, individuare le opere esposte ed averne la
descrizione
- servirsi del Bancomat ed essere pilotato nelle varie fasi
- andare a teatro ed avere la descrizione delle scene
- , si sono attrezzate banche, farmacie e la stazione ferroviaria.
….

Blind people can:
-Cross the main street because the system is connected
with the traffic light
-- which b go t th main station
hi h bus to the i t ti
- “read” the time table, know the platform, the police
station, ticket point, left luggage office, bar, toilette…
- go to theater and have a description of the scenes
g p


BEST PRACTICES


MUSEUM Museo Tattile Statale Omero
Touching art
Uffizi quattro capolavori in rilievo per i non vedenti
'Ritratto del Duca di Urbino' di Piero della Francesca, del 'Ritratto di
Ritratto Urbino Ritratto
giovane con medaglia' di Botticelli, del 'Ritratto di Cosimo il Vecchio' del
Pontormo e della splendida 'Madonna del cardellino' di Raffaello

Touch faces, bodies gestures, expressions,
faces bodies, gestures expressions
discover volumes and perspective with your own
hands.
The Museo Tattile Statale Omero was created to fill
this gap in the range of cultural services for the non-
non
sighted, and also to offer an innovative space where
artistic perception passes through multi-sense, and not
just visual, stimuli.


Tiber island
Accessibility is guaranteed by lift
supported by people that help disable
people


Coliseum


Musei Capitolini


Villa d’Este (Tivoli, Rome)

Terraced garden


Villa d’Este (Tivoli, Rome)


PALATINO FORUM -
ARCHEOLOGICAL AREA


PALATINO FORUM
ARCHEOLOGICAL AREA


OUR CHALLENGES AS ARCHITECT
changing paradigm
ethical issue
UD as creative challenge
ti h ll

Social inclusion
Demographic Change in Europe, the most significant
impact will be the ageing population in Europe. By 2050 34.5 % will be
over the age of 60 years old.
Economic Impacts and Opportunities
Preserve an make accessible the historical heritage
…

REFERENCES
Vescovo F. (1996). Progettare per tutti senza barriere architettoniche. Criteri ed
orientamenti per facilitare l'accessibilità urbana ed il comfort ambientale. Maggioli
Empler T., (1997). Progettare il confort urbano e d'interni. Guida a una progettazione
plurisensoriale.
plurisensoriale Maggioli
Norvegian State Council on Disability, Universal Design. Planning and Design for All,
Oslo, Sweden 1997
Ostroff, E., preiser, W. F.E. (
p (eds.), Universal Design Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York,
) g
2001
Clarkson P.J., R. Coleman, S. Keates (2003). Inclusive Design: Design for the Whole
Population, Springer
Argentin I Clemente M Empler T Eliminazione barriere architettoniche progettare
I., M., T., architettoniche,
per una utenza ampliata, DEI, Tipografia del Genio Civile, 2004
Laurìa A. (a cura di), Persone “reali” e progettazione dell'ambiente costruito.
L'accessibilità come risorsa per la q
p qualità ambientale, Maggioli, Rimini, 2003.
gg

Internet
www.progettarepertutti.org
http://etopia.sintlucas.be/did2/
http://etopia sintlucas be/did2/
http://www.pism.uniroma3.it

Dr. Antonio Caperna is Senior Lecturer at Postgraduate Master Course in Interactive Sustainable
Design and Multimedia - Università di Roma Tre (Italy).
He has a strong background in Architecture and Urbanism, with a p
g g , particular interest in sustainability,
y,
the digital technology (Information Communication Technology) and urban environment, and the
theory of complex systems applied to urban design.
His academic experience dues in several international context (St. Lucas School of Architecture
Brussels-Ghent, Belgium; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, Rome; Cornell University of
, g ; y y, ; y
Rome; Bauhaus Universität Weimar, etc.).
In 2008 he was guest lecturer during the XXIII U.I.A. world congress of Architecture (Turin 2008), and
co-tutor at international workshop “Transmitting the sustainable city”.
Member of several Professional Bodies (INTBAU , Arch.Net, AHARA) He’s author of numerous
( )
papers and article; the latest academic work are (forthcoming book) ICTs for Urban Development and
Monitoring (edited by Carlos Nunes Silva, University of Lisbon, Portugal, IGI Global Editor), and
Urban Planning & Digital Technology (edited by Elena Mortola, Università di Roma Tre, Italy, Aracne
Editor).
)

International workshop explores universal design principles for urban spaces

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