1. CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer
Anupam Biswas
October 24, 2011
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
NIT Allahabad,India
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

2. Steps behined you....what ??
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

3. A brief overview :The CRAY-1
The CRAY-1 with its inventor
Seymour Cray
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

4. A brief overview :The CRAY-1
In mid-to-late 1970’s CRAY-1
was the fastest computer in the
world.
The CRAY-1 with its inventor
Seymour Cray
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

5. A brief overview :The CRAY-1
In mid-to-late 1970’s CRAY-1
was the fastest computer in the
world.
Clock speed of 12.5ns (80MHz)
The CRAY-1 with its inventor
Seymour Cray
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

6. A brief overview :The CRAY-1
In mid-to-late 1970’s CRAY-1
was the fastest computer in the
world.
Clock speed of 12.5ns (80MHz)
Computaional rate of 138
MFLOPS during sustained
period.
250 MFLOPS in short bursts.
The CRAY-1 with its inventor
Seymour Cray
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

7. A brief overview :The CRAY-1
In mid-to-late 1970’s CRAY-1
was the fastest computer in the
world.
Clock speed of 12.5ns (80MHz)
Computaional rate of 138
MFLOPS during sustained
period.
250 MFLOPS in short bursts.
Unveiled in 1976 by its inventor
Seymour Roger Cray
The CRAY-1 with its inventor
Seymour Cray
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

8. A brief overview :The CRAY-1
In mid-to-late 1970’s CRAY-1
was the fastest computer in the
world.
Clock speed of 12.5ns (80MHz)
Computaional rate of 138
MFLOPS during sustained
period.
250 MFLOPS in short bursts.
Unveiled in 1976 by its inventor
Seymour Roger Cray
The CRAY-1 with its inventor Had spawned a new class of
Seymour Cray computer called
”The Supercomputer”.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

9. Architecture:Physial Dimensions
Physical Dimensions of
CRAY-1
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

10. Architecture:Physial Dimensions
1 Mainframe composed of
12 wedgelike columns.
Physical Dimensions of
CRAY-1
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

11. Architecture:Physial Dimensions
1 Mainframe composed of
12 wedgelike columns.
2 Height of each column
77”.
Physical Dimensions of
CRAY-1
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

12. Architecture:Physial Dimensions
1 Mainframe composed of
12 wedgelike columns.
2 Height of each column
77”.
3 Arranged in a 270 degree
arc with base of 103.5”.
Physical Dimensions of
CRAY-1
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

13. Architecture:Physial Organization
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

14. Architecture:Physial Organization
CRAY-1 is equiped with-
1 12 full duplex i/o channels.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

15. Architecture:Physial Organization
CRAY-1 is equiped with-
1 12 full duplex i/o channels.
2 16 memory banks.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

16. Architecture:Physial Organization
CRAY-1 is equiped with-
1 12 full duplex i/o channels.
2 16 memory banks.
3 12 functional units.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

17. Architecture:Physial Organization
CRAY-1 is equiped with-
1 12 full duplex i/o channels.
2 16 memory banks.
3 12 functional units.
4 More than 4KBs of register storage.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

18. Architecture:Physial Organization
CRAY-1 is equiped with-
1 12 full duplex i/o channels.
2 16 memory banks.
3 12 functional units.
4 More than 4KBs of register storage.
5 New cooling technology,Freon-based but in new way.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

19. CPU Computation
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

20. CPU Computation
1 Integer and Floating point Arithmatics
Integer arithmatic was done in 24 bit or 64 bit 2’s complement.
Floating point numbers were represented in signed magnitude.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

21. CPU Computation
1 Integer and Floating point Arithmatics
Integer arithmatic was done in 24 bit or 64 bit 2’s complement.
Floating point numbers were represented in signed magnitude.
2 Vector operation and Chaining
Vectorization was acheived in CRAY-1...How??
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

22. CPU Computation
1 Integer and Floating point Arithmatics
Integer arithmatic was done in 24 bit or 64 bit 2’s complement.
Floating point numbers were represented in signed magnitude.
2 Vector operation and Chaining
Vectorization was acheived in CRAY-1...How??
Chaining was another technique used by CRAY-1...So what??
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

23. CPU Computation
1 Integer and Floating point Arithmatics
Integer arithmatic was done in 24 bit or 64 bit 2’s complement.
Floating point numbers were represented in signed magnitude.
2 Vector operation and Chaining
Vectorization was acheived in CRAY-1...How??
Chaining was another technique used by CRAY-1...So what??
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

24. Softwares
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

25. Softwares
1 Had very limited set of application softwares.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

26. Softwares
1 Had very limited set of application softwares.
2 Sofware set includes
Cray Operating System (COS)
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

27. Softwares
1 Had very limited set of application softwares.
2 Sofware set includes
Cray Operating System (COS)
Cray Fortran Compiler (CFT)
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

28. Softwares
1 Had very limited set of application softwares.
2 Sofware set includes
Cray Operating System (COS)
Cray Fortran Compiler (CFT)
Cray Assembler Language (CAL)
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

29. Conclusion
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

30. Conclusion
1 High component density.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

31. Conclusion
1 High component density.
2 New cooling system introduced.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

32. Conclusion
1 High component density.
2 New cooling system introduced.
3 High maintainance overhead.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

33. Conclusion
1 High component density.
2 New cooling system introduced.
3 High maintainance overhead.
4 Opens the door towards modern Supercomputers.
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

34. References
R.M.Russell -”The CRAY-1 Computer
System”,Communication of ACM, vol 21,1978
Cray Research Inc.-”CRAY-1 Hardware Refernce Manual”, Nov
4, 1977
http://www.thocp.net/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://research.microsoft.com/
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer

35. .
∗ ∗ ∗ Thank You ∗ ∗ ∗
Anupam Biswas CRAY-1 The First Supercomputer