This document summarizes key aspects of neurons and neurotransmission. It describes the basic anatomy of neurons including the cell body, dendrites, and axon. It explains how electrical signals called action potentials are conducted down axons and transmitted across synapses to other neurons. The roles of ion channels and neurotransmitters in generating and transmitting these signals are also outlined. Finally, it provides an overview of supporting glial cells in the brain and peripheral nervous system.
20. Structural
Glycogen fuel reserve buffer
Metabolic support
Blood–brain barrier?
Transmitter uptake and release
Regulation of ion concentration
in the extracellular space
Modulation of synaptic transmission
Vasomodulation
Promotion of the myelinating activity
of oligodendrocytes
Nervous system repair
Long-term potentiation