Types of drafting, line types, sktches etc

1. DRAUGHTING
Drawing-an universal language
Technical drawing used by designers
Graphical representation of ideas and
objects
Common rules and standards

2. ARCHITECTURAL
DRAUGHTING
Pictorial images of buildings, interiors, details or
other items that need to be built.
Drawn to scale, accurate measurements and
detailed information

3. Drawings include site plan,
floor plans, elevations, sections,
details, ceiling plans,finish schedules
and mechanical information such
as electrical, plumbing, air-conditioning
and heating plans.

4. TYPES OF DRAUGHTING
I. TECHNICAL SKETCH
II. MECHANICAL DRAUGHTING
I. COMPUTER AIDED DRAUGHTING-
CAD

5. I. TECHNICAL SKETCH
Used during the development of ideas for initial
or primary plans.
Quick and accurate sketches to convey design
ideas to others.

6. TECHNICAL SKETCH
Sketch is a free drawing(IT IS NOT ALWAYS)
 Sketch on graph paper to take advantage of
the lined squares
 Sketch on plain paper with/without the aid
of drawing instruments.

7. TECHNICAL SKETCH
Drawn without mechanical aid like t-
scales, set -squares, compass
But drawn to scale and contain a variety of
line weights and line styles.
Grid paper becomes the guide helping to
keep the lines straight.

8. MECHANICAL DRAUGHTING
Refined style of drawing guided by t-
scales, set –squares, compass and French
curves.
Developed only after the conceptual stage is
completed and design is finalized.

9. MECHANICAL DRAUGHTING
• Consists of exterior/interior plans,
elevations, sections, architectural features,
detailed structural elements, electrical and
mechanical systems, furnishings.

10. COMPUTER DRAUGHTING
Drafted documents prepared on a
computer are called as CAD.
Quick drafting and alterations.

11. COMPUTER DRAUGHTING
Speed of revisions
Reprinting, easily stored electronically
Shipped to other designers for revisions

12. A technical sketch gives an idea that the
design is still being developed while a
mechanically drafted or CAD
implies an advanced state of planning and
gives the impression the design has been
finalized.

13. TYPES OF PAPER
GRAPH SHEET-used as the base,
for planning, drawing, rough design
sketching, technical sketches.
BUTTER SHEET-sketching and
developing ideas, initial and
preliminary layouts, space planning.
GATEWAY SHEET- Reproductions,
pukka draughting /drawing

14. CHART DIMENSIONS
Standard paper sizes used by printers:
• A0- 841 x 1189mm
• A1- 594 x 841mm
• A2- 420 x 594mm
• A3- 297 x 420mm
• A4- 210 x 297mm

15. LINE WEIGHT
Line weight is the light or darkness and
width of a line.
Typically three kinds of LW-light, medium,
bold.
Guidelines-page layout
Borderlines-framing the page
Best way to create consistent line weight
and line quality is to keep the pencil/pen
perpendicular to the drawing surface.

16. LINES AND LINE QUALITY
GUIDELINES
 4H to 6H pencil
 Very light, almost invisible
 Used to layout the page,
create the initial shapes
and provide guide for
lettering heights.

17. BOLD LINES
 Soft B to 2B pencil(0.7mm)
 Very dark and thick width
 Used for walls in floor plans, outline
around the perimeter of elevation and 3d
objects.

18. MEDIUM LINES
 HB pencil(0.5mm)
 Used for furniture drawings in floor
plans, text inside the objects in elevation
and 3D views

19. LIGHT LINES
 H to 2H pencil(0.3mm)
 Used for action lines(door swings in plan
view, hinge direction in elevation)
 information lines(dimension line, center
line, section lines etc.)
 fill patterns(specific symbols for materials)

20. BORDER LINES
 2B to 4B pencil(0.7-0.9mm)
 Dark and twice as thick as bold lines
 Used for margin on sheet, title border
 information lines(dimension line, center line,
section lines etc.)
 fill patterns(specific symbols for materials)
BORDER LINES SHOULD BE THE LAST
LINE DRAWN ON SHEET

21. VARIOUS GRADES

23. LINE TYPES
SOLID LINE to indicate visible objects,
leader lines and dimension lines
DASHED LINE used for hidden objects
(hidden parts objects below or behind
an object)
These lines should be in contact at
corners and when perpendicular to
another line.

24. LEADER LINE
 used to connect notes, references to
objects or lines in a drawing
 start in a solid line and ends with an arrow
 can be drawn at an angle or curved
BREAK LINES
 Used when extents of a drawing cannot fit
on the paper

25. CENTER LINE
 used to indicate center of a
plan, object, circle, etc.
If two center lines intersect use short
dashes at the intersection.

26. SECTION LINE
Used to show a cutaway view of
a floor plan
The direction of the arrows shows
the direction of the section view

27. DIMENSION STYLE

28. PENCIL RENDERING

31. WATER COLOUR RENDERING

34. COLOUR PENCIL RENDERING

38. CRAYON RENDERING