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Unit02 dbms

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arnold 7490

The document provides an overview of conceptual database design using the Entity-Relationship (ER) model. It describes the basic constructs of the ER model including entities, relationships, attributes, and additional features like weak entities, inheritance hierarchies, and aggregation. It also discusses modeling choices like representing concepts as entities or attributes, binary vs n-ary relationships. Constraints that can be expressed in the ER model are covered, along with the subjective nature of ER design.

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[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
History of Database Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Magnetic tape unit Magnetic tape Hard disk
History (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Database Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modeling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Entity Sets customer and loan customer_id customer_ customer_ customer_ loan_ amount name street city number
Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Example: customer = ( customer_id, customer_name, customer_street, customer_city ) loan = ( loan_number, amount )
Composite Attributes
Mapping Cardinality Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mapping Cardinalities One to one One to many Note: Some elements in A and B may not be mapped to any elements in the other set
Mapping Cardinalities Many to one Many to many Note: Some elements in A and B may not be mapped to any elements in the other set
ER Model Basics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Employees ssn name lot
ER Model Basics (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],lot dname budget did since name Works_In Departments Employees ssn Reports_To lot name Employees subordinate super-visor ssn
Relationship Sets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Relationship Set borrower
Relationship Sets (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Degree of a Relationship Set ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Degree of a Relationship Set ,[object Object],[object Object]
Key Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],Many-to-Many 1-to-1 1-to Many Many-to-1 budget did Departments Additional features of the ER model dname since lot name ssn Manages Employees
Participation Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],lot name dname budget did since name dname budget did since Manages since Departments Employees ssn Works_In
Weak Entities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],lot name age pname Dependents Employees ssn Policy cost
Weak Entity Sets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak Entity Sets (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weak Entity Sets (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object]
More Weak Entity Set Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ISA (`is a’) Hierarchies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Contract_Emps name ssn Employees lot hourly_wages ISA Hourly_Emps contractid hours_worked ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aggregation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],budget did pid started_on pbudget dname until Departments Projects Sponsors Monitors lot name ssn since Employees
Aggregation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Aggregation (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aggregation (Cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
E-R Diagram With Aggregation
Conceptual Design Using the ER Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Entity vs. Attribute ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Entity vs. Attribute (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],Works_In4 from to budget Departments name Departments ssn lot Employees Works_In4 name Employees ssn lot dname did dname budget did Duration from to
Entity vs. Relationship ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Manages2 name dname budget did Employees Departments ssn lot dbudget since dname budget did Departments Manages2 Employees name ssn lot since Managers dbudget ISA This fixes the problem!
Binary vs. Ternary Relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],age pname Dependents Covers age pname Dependents Purchaser Bad design Better design name Employees ssn lot Policies policyid cost Beneficiary policyid cost Policies name Employees ssn lot
Binary vs. Ternary Relationships (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of Conceptual Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of ER (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of ER (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Unit02 dbms

Notas del editor

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  2. 3 The slides for this text are organized into several modules. Each lecture contains about enough material for a 1.25 hour class period. (The time estimate is very approximate--it will vary with the instructor, and lectures also differ in length; so use this as a rough guideline.) This covers Lectures 1 and 2 (of 6) in Module (5). Module (1): Introduction (DBMS, Relational Model) Module (2): Storage and File Organizations (Disks, Buffering, Indexes) Module (3): Database Concepts (Relational Queries, DDL/ICs, Views and Security) Module (4): Relational Implementation (Query Evaluation, Optimization) Module (5): Database Design (ER Model, Normalization, Physical Design, Tuning) Module (6): Transaction Processing (Concurrency Control, Recovery) Module (7): Advanced Topics
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